Abstract We demonstrate convenient alignment technologies using imprinting lithography with sol-gel process. The aligned nano pattern is fabricated on a silicon wafer by laser interference lithography. For conformal imprinting process, aligned nano pattern was transferred onto the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Using a PDMS sheet with aligned nano pattern, aligned nano pattern was created onto the sol-gel driven hafnium zinc oxide by imprinting lithography. The process was conducted at annealing temperatures of 150 °C. The obtained pattern on the HfZnO film acted as a guide for aligning liquid crystal (LC) molecules. The geometric restriction induced by aligned pattern leads to LC alignment along to the aligned nano pattern. The combination of imprint lithography and solution-processed inorganic materials proved good alternative of LC alignment technique.

In this paper, nitrogen (N)-doped ultra-porous carbon derived from lignin is synthesized through hydrothermal carbonization, KOH activation, and post-doping process for CO2 adsorption. The specific surface areas of obtained N-doped porous carbons range from 247 to 3064 m2/g due to a successful KOH activation. N-containing groups of 0.62–1.17 wt% including pyridinic N, pyridone N, pyridine-N-oxide are found on the surface of porous carbon. N-doped porous carbon achieves the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 13.6 mmol/g at 25 °C up to 10 atm and high stability over 10 adsorption/desorption cycles. As confirmed by enthalpy calculation with the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, an adsorption heat of N-doped porous carbon is higher than non-doped porous carbon, indicating a role of N functionalities for enhanced CO2 adsorption capability. The overall results suggest that this carbon has high CO2 capture capacity and can be easily regenerated and reused without any clear loss of CO2 adsorption capacity.

목적 : 온도가 변색렌즈의 성능에 미치는 영향이 있는지 확인하여 변색렌즈 공급자와 수요자를 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 방법 : 굴절률 1.56과 1.60의 변색렌즈 12종을 대상으로 하였다. 온도 조절 유지 장치를 이용하여 20ﾟC, 30ﾟC, 40ﾟC, 50ﾟC 온도에서 1분에서 5분간 자외선을 조사한 후 농도를 측정하였다. 농도 분석은 변색과정을 카메라를 이용하여 동영상으로 촬영한 후 포토샵 프로그램(Adobe Photoshop CS5)을 이용하여 중앙부분의 명도를 측정하였다. 결과 : 20ﾟC 환경에서 1분간 자외선을 조사한 결과 69%, 76%(2분), 78%(3분), 78%(4분), 79%(5분)로 나타났고, 50ﾟC에서 1분간 자외선을 조사한 결과 44%, 46%(2분), 46%(3분), 48%(4분), 50%(5분)로 나타났다. 1.56은 20ﾟC 환경에서 1분간 자외선을 조사한 결과 73%, 81%(2분), 84%(3분), 84%(4분), 85%(5분)로 나타나 온도 20ﾟC에서 가장 농도가 높게 나타났고, 온도 50ﾟC에서 41%(1분), 43%(2분), 43%(3분), 44%(44분), 47%(5분)로 나타났다. 1.60 은 20ﾟC에서 1분간 자외선을 조사한 결과 79%, 84%(2분), 85%(3분), 85%(4분), 85%(5분%)로 역시 온도 20ﾟC 에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 온도 50ﾟC에서 41%(1분), 41%(2분), 43%(3분), 43%(4분), 45%(5분)로 나타났다. 20ﾟC 환경에서 코팅방식으로 제조된 변색렌즈는 79%의 농도를 보였고, 모노머방식은 76%의 농도를 보였다. 30ﾟC에서 코팅방식은 74%, 모노머 방식은 72%, 40ﾟC에서 코팅방식은 68%, 모노머방식은 66%, 40ﾟC에서 코팅방식은 68%, 모노머방식은 66%, 50ﾟC에서 코팅방식은 52%, 모노머방식은 48%의 농도를 보였다. 결론 : 동일한 시간 동안 자외선을 조사했을 때 온도가 증가할수록 변색의 농도는 감소하고, 1.56과 1.60 굴절률 모두에서 20ﾟC로부터 온도가 증가할수록 변색 농도가 감소하며, 모노머방식으로 제조된 변색렌즈보다 코팅방식으로 제조된 변색렌즈가 동일한 온도에서 더욱 진하게 변하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

A trend analysis of research articles in a field of knowledge is significant because it can help in finding out the structural characteristics of the field and the future direction of research through observing change in a time series. We identified the structural characteristics and trends in text data (keywords) gathered from research articles which in itself is an important task in various research areas. The titles and keywords were crawled from research articles published from 2016 to 2018 in the Research Journal of the Costume Culture (RJCC), one of the representative Korean journal in the field of clothing and textile. After we extracted data comprising English titles and keywords from 195 published articles, we transformed it into a 1-mode matrix. We used measures from network analysis (i.e., link, strength, and degree centrality) for evaluating meaningful patterns and trends in the research on clothing and textile. NodeXL was used for visualizing the semantic network. This study observed change in the clothing and textile research trend. In addition to covering the core areas of the field, the subjects of research have been diversifying with every passing year and have evolved onto a developmental direction. The most studied area in articles published by the RJCC was fashion retailing/consumer psychology while aesthetic/historic and fashion industry/policy studies were covered to a more limited extent. We observed that most of the studies reflecting the identity of RJCC share subject keywords to a significant extent.

본 연구에서는 다른 광환경에서 자란 긴산개나리(Forsythia saxatilis var. lanceolata) 줄기와 잎의 항산화물질 함량 및 활성을 분석하여 기능성 신소재로 활용하기 위한 기초자료를 마련 하고자 수행하였다. 삽목 후 3년생인 긴산개나리를 무작위로 채취하여 부위별로 분석한 결과, 긴산개나리 잎의 항산화물질 함량은 총 안토시아닌 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량, 총 페놀 함량이 각각 68.8mg CGE/100g FW, 7405.0mg CE/100g FW, 4231.2mg GAE/100g FW로 줄기보다 높았으며, 항산화 활성 또한 294.3mg VCE/100g FW로 줄기보다 높은 것으로 조사되 었다. 이에 따라 긴산개나리의 항산화물질 함량과 활성간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 총 안토시아닌은 다른 요인 간의 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났으나 총 플라보노이드와 총 페놀은 서로 간에 0.05 유의수준 내에서 r=0.753으로 양의 높은 상관관계를 가지며, 총 플라보노이드와 총 페놀은 항산화 활성인 DPPH radical 소거활성과 0.05 유의수준 내에서 각각 r=0.753, 0.698 로 높은 양의 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 조사되었다. 이를 통해 긴산개나리의 총 페놀은 대부분 총 안토시아닌보다 총 플라보 노이드로 구성된 것으로 판단되고, 이러한 총 플라보노이드와 총 페놀이 항산화 활성에 기여하는 것으로 판단된다. 서로 다른 광환경에서 삽목 후 3년동안 생육한 긴산개나리의 부위별 항산 화물질 함량 및 활성을 분석한 결과, 총 안토시아닌, 총 플라보 노이드, 총 페놀은 반음지(42.83μmol･m-2 ･s-1 PPFD)보다 양지 (788.39μmol･m-2 ･s-1 PPFD)에서 생육한 긴산개나리의 잎에서 함량이 높은 것으로 조사되었으며, 항산화 활성도 반음지보다 양지에서 생육한 긴산개나리의 잎에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 광환경에 따라 긴산개나리의 엽록소 함량을 조사한 결과, 엽록소 함량 또한 양지에서 생육한 긴산개나리 잎에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 이를 통해, 페놀화합물과 vitamin C 는 광합성 과정 중 합성되는 물질이기 때문에 반음지보다 광량이 많은 양지에서 생육한 긴산개나리의 잎이 항산화물질 함량과 활성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 따라서, 긴산개나리는 줄기보다 잎에 항산화물질 함량 및 활성이 높아 천연항산화제로서 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되며, 특히, 양지에서 생육한 긴산개나리의 잎이 반 음지에서 생육한 것보다 항산화물질 및 활성이 높기 때문에 기능성 소재로서 잠재적 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in pigs have great potential, their use is limited because the establishment efficiency of ESCs is extremely low. Accordingly, we tried to develop in-vitro culture system stimulating production of SCNT blastocysts with high performance in the colony formation and formation of colonies derived from SCNT blastocysts for enhancing production efficiency of porcine ESCs. For these, SCNT blastocysts produced in various types of embryo culture medium were cultured in different ESC culture medium and optimal culture medium was determined by comparing colony formation efficiency. As the results, ICM of porcine SCNT blastocysts produced through sequential culture of porcine SCNT embryos in the modified porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 and the PZM-5F showed the best formation efficiency of colonies in α-MEM-based medium. In conclusion, appropriate combination of the embryo culture medium and ESC culture medium will greatly contribute to successful establishment of ESCs derived from SCNT embryos.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of ethylene glycol, glycerol and sucrose to TCG (Tris, Citric Acid, Glucose, Egg Yolk) and DMSO Frozen. The extender containing Egg yolk concentration (10%, 20%) affects viability and acrosome morphology of rabbit sperm. Sperm viability was then assessed for the freezing extenders TCGD (Tris + Citricacid + Glucose + DMSO), TCGED (Tris + Citricacid + Glucose + Egg yolk + DMSO), TCGGD (Tris + Citricacid + Glucose + Glycerol + DMSO) and TCGSD Tris + Citricacid + Glucose + Sucrose + DMSO) during thawing at 38oC. for 20 seconds, respectively. TCG + 10% egg yolk (viability: 77.0 ± 0.8, NAI: 73.3 ± 0.9) was significantly (sperm viability and normal acrosome interaction (NAI)) higher than TCG + 20% egg yolk (70.7 ± 1.1, 70.0 ± 0.9) in the sperm normalcy analysis according to the yolk concentration. TCGGD (53.4 ± 0.1, 62.3 ± 0.4), TCGSD (61.3 ± 0.0, 67.1 ± 0.1) sperm viability and normal acrosome interaction (NAI) in frozen spermatozoa are TCGD (46.4 ± 2.8 and 56.3 ± 1. 4) and TCGED (23.0 ± 1.1 and 54.6 ± 1.4) extenders was thawed at 38oC for 20 seconds. According to the results from each frozen bulking agent, sperm membrane integrity by hypotonic swelling test (HOST) analysis in TCGGD (59.8 ± 0.7), TCGSD (59.3 ± 0.5) was significantly high compared to other experimental groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested that TCGGD and TCGSD extenders enhance survivability of rabbit sperm after frozen-thawing.

We studied the infection rate of and various metacercariocidal approaches to controlling Gymnophalloides seoi for prevention of human infection in cultured and natural oysters in Korea. The selected survey areas were Aphae-do (Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do), which is an endemic area for G. seoi, and Tongyeong (Geonsangnam-do), which is the main production area of oysters in Korea. In the Tongyeong area, the metacercariae of G. seoi were not detected in cultured oysters (0/201) or wild oysters (0/134). Seventy-two G. seoi metacercariae were observed in 33 of 265 natural oysters collected from Aphae-do; however, metacercariae were not detected in the cultured oysters (0/1101) purchased from the Daejeon Fish Market. To investigate the viability of G. seoi metacercariae, various metacercariocidal treatments were used with 3.5% saline and oyster juice used as positive controls. The metacercariae survived for 75.4 h in 3.5% saline and 112.6 h in oyster juice. After the metacercariocidal treatment, G. seoi metacercariae were survived for 13.29 min in tap water, < 20 sec in 4.3% vinegar, no effect in a rinse of the whole oyster body in 70°C water for 1 sec, but 1 sec in a rinse of the whole oyster body in 90°C water for 1 sec. The greatest metacercariocidal effect on G. seoi was from rinsing oysters in 90°C water followed by those from treatment with 20% ethyl alcohol, 4.3% vinegar, and tap water. However, we suggest that the most actual prevention to G. seoi human infection is rinsing the oysters with tap water for at least 30 min.

본 연구는 A4용지 규격의 종이 도안에 플랫포머 게임의 콘텐츠를 작성하고, 작성된 게임 콘텐츠를 모바일 기기의 카메라를 통해 인식하여 디지털로 변환하여 게임을 즐길 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. 종이도안을 활용한 게임 콘텐츠는 실제 종이에 필기구를 이용하여 직접 게임 오브젝트를 그려 넣는 방식을 사용한다. 오브젝트 디자인의 편의성을 높이기 위하여 핵심 게임 오브젝트의 패턴화하였고 의미가 있는 패턴들을 조합하여 새로운 조합 패턴의 생성할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 한 장의 종이 위에 그릴 수 있는 게임 화면의 크기가 제한적인 점을 보완하기 위하여, 제작한 게임 화면을 조합하여 게임의 여러 스테이지를 구성할 수 있는 기능을 추가하였다. 종이 도안에 그려지는 게임의 오브젝트 이외의 게임 구성 요소들은 시스템 내부에서 추가할 수 있도록 하여 자유도 높은 콘텐츠 창작 제공하고 있다. 종이 도안을 통해 반복적으로 게임 콘텐츠를 제작하고 이를 디지털로 변환하는 과정을 보완하기 위하여 시스템 내부에서도 게임 콘텐츠를 제작하고 수정하는 것이 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 서비스모델은 아동에게 다소 어려울 수 있는 게임창작 과정을 언플러그드 활동과 연동하여 손쉽게 디지털 게임 콘텐츠 창작의 경험을 제공하는 것이다. 이를 통해 아동을 대상으로 한 전통적인 방식의 언플러그드 활동을 디지털 활동과 연동하여 창작 활동에 대한 동기를 부여하고, 디지털 시대에 발맞춘 소프트웨어 리터러시를 함양할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 게임 엔진을 통하여 게임개발 전 과정을 경험해 볼 수 있는 게임창작활동이 청소년의 소프트웨어 교육에 효과적인 수단임을 검증하고자 한다. 기존의 게임창작활동들은 프로그래밍을 위주로 게임개발 과정의 일부분만에 치우쳐 있거나 단순화된 교육용 프로그래밍 도구를 통한 일회성 체험에 그치는 경우가 많다. 게임 현업에서 사용되는 게임엔진을 기반으로 PBL(Project-Based Learning) 모형과 재구성 중심 모델을 적용한 소프트웨어 수업의 구성은 실제 게임창작 전반의 과정을 경험하도록 한다. 수업에 참여한 학생들은 스토리텔링, 그래픽 디자인, 프로그래밍 과정을 통해 게임을 제작하고, 제작한 게임을 출시하는 과정을 진행한다. 수업에 참여한 학생들을 대상으로 한 설문조사에서 소프트웨어에 대한 흥미와 이해도가 높아진 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 긍정적인 결과는 게임창작활동이 교육으로서의 가치가 있음을 나타낸다. 실제적인 게임창작활동의 경험은 발전된 형태의 융·복합적 소프트웨어 교육을 가능하게 할 것으로 기대한다.

Our research on juvenile Oncorhynchus masou masou in oyster mushroom supplemented diet was studied to investigate the effect of feeding. Mixing of feed ingredients for dried oyster mushrooms, 3.5, 7.0, 10.5, 14.0 (%) was added to the amount of oyster mushroom dietary beta-glucan content of the more abundant. After the weight of feed given to salmon survey oyster mushrooms diet for 3.5 to 7.0% was similar to the formula feed and the weight of the fish ate oyster mushroom feed over 10.5% were reduced. The oyster mushroom of the experimental diets containing 3.5 to 7.0 percent hepatosomatic index and feed coefficient figure was similar to those of the formulated diets. Therefore we have juvenile cherry salmon fed diets containing 3.5 to 7.0% was considered good to eat and additional research on the immune response will be carried out was necessary.

The Straits of Malacca and Singapore is without hesitation, a vital sea lane of communication with the geographical advantage of linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Geographically, the Straits of Malacca and Singapore is shallow and fairly narrow on its eastern part and has created one of the most important traffic choke points in the world. Being a crucial sea-lane has experience the Straits with high density of vessel traffic. The increase in shipping activities has risen the challenge in safety of navigation and marine environmental protection problem which generally end up with huge financial losses for the seafarers and damages to the marine environment. Owing significant limitations in the geographical landscape, this article has primary objectives to examine how navigational safety and marine environment can be effectively protect using existing regulatory instruments. This article provides a review and analysis of existing laws and regulations to assess the status of navigational safety for marine environmental protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. The article also evaluates potential strategies to this problem using insights from literature. The article finds out that the littoral States to the Straits of Malacca and Singapore should adopt more forward-looking perspective in the formulation of legal measures to enhance navigational safety for marine environmental protection. The article finally suggests the potential strategies for navigational safety and marine environmental protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. This will help in setting priorities for future efforts in improving navigational safety for marine environmental protection with regard to international and regional initiatives.

This study was carried out to investigate optimum wind velocity for growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. In the chamber experiments, the divergence of pileus was 63° in 0.3m/s, and it showed the tendency that the more the air velocity was increased, the more the divergence became small. And the ratio of commercial yields was 96% in the air velocity of 0.3m/s. In the cultivation room experiments, the divergence of pileus was 64° in 0.3m/s, and it was the tendency that the more the air velocity was fast, the more the divergence became larger. And the commercial yields was similar to the trend of the chamber experiment as 94.8% in 0.3m/s, and the quality characteristics of the fruit-body showed the uniform quality in comparison with other treatment because the standard deviation of the size of the pileus, etc. was the lowest in 0.3m/s like the chamber experiment.

The occurrence of allergic disease has increased harmfully in the last few decades. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic inflammation disorder characterized by itchy, red, swollen, cracked skin. Although the pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood, it is assumed that deregulation of T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) immune responses, a predominance of allergen-specific IgE, and interrupted epidermal barrier function are keys to the pathogenic mechanism. Activated T helper 2 (Th2) immune function is hallmark of various allergic diseases. Oxidative stress implicated in cutaneous damage in various inflammatory skin diseases. We investigated the effect of fermented soybean (SCGB1) on the improvement of AD. Soybean fermentation was carried out using B. amyloliquefaciense SCGB1 (KCCM11964P), which is known to produce of natural antibiotics. And then, we experiment of SCGB1 and soybean powder (NC) in DNCB-induced AD model. Mice were respectively oral administration of variety dose for 14 days. As a results, it was confirmed that serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) expression was dose-dependently decreased in SCGB1 and NC compared to negative control, and it was reduced the skin pruritus inducing factor that Interleukin-31 (IL-31) mRNA level. In addition, the inflammatory cells were infiltration in skin for histological analysis. As a result, it reduced that epidermal hyperplasia, cancellation and aveolarization compared to negative control. These results suggest that SCGB1 may be effective for prevention and treatment of AD.

자기 주도적으로 자신에게 맞는 자료와 정보통신 기술을 활용하는 학습유도 정책인 스마트교육은 현재 한국 교육의 중요한 목표중 하나이다. 스마트교육에 적합한 과학교육을 위한 스마트 콘텐츠의 주요 고려사항은 사용자의 수준과 적성을 고려한 자기 주도적이고 흥미로운 콘텐츠를 만드는 것이다. 특히 실험을 통하여 이론을 배우는 과학교육의 특성상 사용자 스스로 실험을 할 수 있는 내용이 포함되어야 한다. 본 연구는 초중등 과학 교과 과정의 교육목표를 충족시키는 실험을 통하여 이론을 학습할 수 있는 스마트교육 콘텐츠 개발에 대한 것이다. 초, 중등 과학 교과과정 중 물리의 기본이 되는 뉴턴의 운동법칙을 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 전통적인 과학실에서 교사 한명이 다수의 학생을 상대로 교육하는 과학 실험이 가진 시간, 장소, 경제적 제한 그리고 실험시 안전사고의 가능성과 같은 단점들을 보완하고, 모든 사용자에게 평등한 배움의 기회를 가지도록 하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 정규 교과과정을 충족하는 시리어스게임 형태의 뉴턴의 운동법칙 실험 콘텐츠를 통해 스마트교육시대의 교육 현장에서, 새로운 방식의 실험 콘텐츠의 가능성을 보여줄 수 있을 것이다.

Chamaecyparis obtusa is one of the economical conifers planted in Korea due to its good quality timber and wood characteristics. Individuals of C. obtusa containing high terpenes (HT) and low terpenes (LT) were selected for by colorimetric method. The HT of C. obtusa was delayed in wilting against various abiotic stresses compared to the LT plants. The HT group exposed to UV did not significant influence the chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll value was higher in the HT group than the LT group. Also, chilling treatment (5℃) did not significant influence on the chlorophyll content. However treatment at -4℃ showed relatively low chlorophyll content in the LT group than the HT group. Plants exposure to high temperature was not a difference between the HT and the LT group. However, treatment at 38℃ influenced the chlorophyll content that was increased exposure time-dependently. In salt treatments, chlorophyll in the HT group was lower at high concentrations (300 and 500 mM) of NaCl. However, chlorophyll content increased to slightly in treatment time-dependently, which is 6.7% to 40%. H2O2 treatment has been a negative effect on the chlorophyll content in the HT group. All concentration of H2O2 decreased the chlorophyll content of 5% to 35%. Plants containing high terpenoids were resisted against some abiotic stress such as salt and H2O2. Our results implied that terpenoids could cause various abiotic stress resistance. These results could be utilized for efficient management and biomass production during forest silvicultures.