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        검색결과 9,755

        3461.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        We investigated unknown in vivo functions of Torsin by using Drosophila as a model. Downregulation of Drosophila Torsin (DTor) by DTor specific inhibitory double-stranded RNA (RNAi) induced abnormal locomotor behavior and increased susceptibility to H2O2. In addition, altered expression of DTor significantly increased the numbers of synaptic boutons. One of important biochemical consequence of DTor-RNAi expression in fly brains was up-regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Altered expression of ADH has also been reported in Drosophila Fragile-X mental retardation protein (DFMRP) mutant flies. Interestingly, expression of DFMRP was altered in DTor mutant flies, and DTor and DFMRP were present in the same protein complexes. In addition, DTor and DFMRP immunoreactivities were partially colocalized in several cellular organelles in larval muscles. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between synaptic morphologies of dfmrp null mutants and dfmrp mutants expressing DTor-RNAi. Taken together, our evidences suggested that DTor and DFMRP might be present in the same signaling pathway regulating synaptic plasticity. (This work was supported bythe basic science research program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2015R1D1A3A01018497)
        3462.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Exposure to several common acting through oxidation stress environmental toxins has been shown to be associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). One recently identified inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD) gene, DJ-1, may have a role in protection from oxidative stress, thus potentially linking a genetic cause with critical environmental risk factors [1]. In the present study, initially we assessed the antioxidant activity of Silk Worm Powder (SWP) in selected chemical systems and further explored the efficacy of SWP in Drosophila lacking DJ-1 function (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Elucidation the health improvement effects of boiled silk worm larvae, Project No: PJ01082801) Rural Development Administration).
        3463.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        In this study, a genus Bruandella Tutt with B. niphonica (Hori, 1926) is reported for the first time from Korea. This study is aimed to report a newly recorded genus and species. All available information for the species including the distributional ranges and host plants were presented in this study. Also the larval characteristics and DNA barcode analysis for the species are provided.
        3464.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) are chitin-modifying enzymes that deacetylate chitin to form chitosan. In insects, this modification may contribute to the affinity and/or cross-linking of chitin/chitosan-like polysaccharides for a variety of structural proteins that may lead to diverse mechanical properties of the cuticle. DmCDA1 (serpentine) and DmCDA2 (vermiform) from Drosophila melanogaster play roles in development and morphology of embryonic tracheal tubes. We previously reported the functional importance of TcCDA1 and TcCDA2 orthologs to DmCDA1 and DmCDA2 from Tribolium castaneum, in molting, morphology of cuticle, and movement of legs. In this study, we further analyze ultrastructural defects of the cuticles and leg joints in TcCDA1- and TcCDA2-deficient insects. Loss of function of TcCDA1 and TcCDA2 causes disorganized chitinous horizontal laminae and vertical pore canals of rigid adult cuticle (e.g. elytron). Both proteins are also required for laminal organization in soft cuticle (e.g. hindwing). Morphological analysis of TcCDA1- and TcCDA2A-deficient adult revealed that ruptured tendons between femur and tibia cause the defects in movement of the leg joint. This work was supported by NRF (NRF-2015R1A2A2A01006614).
        3465.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Pigmentation or melanization is an important physiological event in insects and is involved in cuticle tanning, wound healing and encapsulation as a defensive response. Dopachrome-conversion enzyme (DCE, Yellow) significantly accelerates the melanization of the chorion in mosquito eggs. In this study, we demonstrated functional importance of two ovary-specific yellow genes, AalY-g and AalY-g2, in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The transcripts of both genes were detected in the ovary of adult females only 48-72 h after blood feeding. RNAi for AalY-g or AalY-g2 had no effect on fecundity. However, the outermost colorless exochorion of the eggs was fragile and partially peeled off, and initial melanization of the endochorion was significantly delayed. Eggs from control females exhibited high desiccation resistance, whereas those from dsAalY-g- or dsAalY-g2-treated females were collapsed (50-80%) under the air-dry condition. Ultrastructural analysis revealed abnormal morphology of the endochorion and vitelline membrane in the AalY-g and AalY-g2-deficient eggshell. These results indicate that AalY-g and AalY-g2 are critical for integrity and desiccation resistance of the Ae. albopictus eggs. This work was supported by NRFs (NRF-2015R1A6A3A04060323).
        3466.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        The genus Macrolygus Yasunaga, 1992 is the genus includes two Asian species. This genus described by Yasunaga at 1992, with a single type species, M. viridulus. Thereafter, Zheng and Lu (2002) reported the second species, M. torreyae from China. In this poster, We report M. viridulus for the first time from Korea.
        3467.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        In every summer, cicadas emerge and become numerically and ecologically dominant in Korean penninsula. Especially, cicada emergence is affected by the environmental factors. In order to evaluate the effect of environmental factors in cicada species, we analyzed the temporal changes in cicada exuviae based on meteorological and non-meteorological factors such as artificial light intensity and habitat characters on urban park area surrounded by residential houses. Combined multivariate analyses with a cluster analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted. Samples were classified into 3 different cluster based on differences of meteorological factors such as temperature and humidity. Moreover, Random Forest model (RF) showed a high predictability of daily mean temperature on species peak abundance. These results provide a strong evidence that meteorological factors have significant effects on cicada emergences. Regarding the non-meteorological factors, we found no relationship in cicada emergence.
        3468.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive insect pest from Eastern Asia. Since its invasion into North America during the late 1990s, frequent outbreaks of BMSB have caused considerable economic damage to orchards, field crops, and vegetables. Currently, management practices in the United States rely on insecticides to control BMSB. Therefore, identification of potential natural enemies of BMSB is crucial to justify integrated pest management (IPM). We investigated the viability of using the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), as a potential biological control agent for BMSB. In this study, we used choice and non-choice tests to determine which life stages of the spined soldier bug can effectively kill specific stages of BMSB using videography. Prey searching and feeding behavior of the spined soldier bug and defensive behavior of BMSB were analyzed. Our study showed that BMSB eggs and nymphs attacked by the spined soldier bug had a mortality rate of 100%. We also observed that all first instar BMSB remained on the egg cluster allowing the spined soldier bug to attack and kill many BMSB during one feeding session. The results indicate that the spined soldier bug has the potential for killing BMSB
        3469.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Recently, many habitat corridors have been constructed in Korea, but the effect of corridor types, i.e. overpasses and underpasses, on arthropods was poorly examined. Therefore, we compared the effect of habitat corridor types in terms of abundance, species richness, and composition of carabid beetles. As a result, 3,737 ground beetles belonging to 60 species were collected by pitfall trapping across the northwestern forest–habitat corridor–southeastern forest transects in 2015. Abundance and species richness of total carabid beetles in underpasses were significantly lower than overpasses. And species composition of underpasses corridors was significantly different compared to other habitats, such as overpasses and forests. Although more samples are needed to understand the effect of corridor types, the current underpasses may be unfriendly structures to movement of ground dwelling arthropods as well as carabid beetles.
        3470.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Halyomorpha halys(Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), also known as Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB), is a recent invasive pest in America and Europe. It originated from East Asia such as Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. Genus Trissolcus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) which is regarded as important species for biological control of H. halys, was described 6 species previously in Korea. But biology and taxonomic character of this genus is poorly known in Korea. Herein, we report two species from Korea, T. japonicus Ashmead, 1904 and T. plautiae Watanabe, 1954. We have investigated the morphological characters and COI sequence, and conducted an experiment about parasitic preference on BMSB's egg. Morphological key and picture of two species, and result of sequence investigation and experiment will be presented.
        3471.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        A diversification of external morphology and genital characteristics among conspecific animal populations that are geographically divided is particularly important to study the context of evolution and it is regarded as the early stage of allopatric speciation. The aim of the present study is to understand the morphological variations of Callipogon relictus Semenov from the three different populations (South Korea, China, Russia) in the Eastern Palaearctic region. A morphometric analysis was performed based on 87 selected external and internal characteristics from 95 specimens. As results of the present study, South Korean specimens shows remarkable morphological differences in genital characteristics compare to Russian ones. In Principal Component Analysis (PCA), South Korean and Russian populations are divided into two groups and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis indicate that these two populations have significant differences in 14 morphometric characteristics.
        3472.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Surveillance for introduction of subtropical moths through the inanimate pathway in the Korean Peninsula was carried from 2010 to the 2015 using the burket (light) trap in Jeju island and a nearby dependent islands. Each record typically includes the taxonomic identity, its country of origin, and relevant biological information. According to a study, Lampronia flavimitrella (Hübner) belonging to the family Prodoxidae, from the first reported in Korea. Interestingly, erebids moth, Asota ficus (Fabricius) was distributed in the subtropical area from the southern part of China to Sumatra. It has been also mentioned that the personal blog on the internet was colleted from Yeosu and Mt. Yudal-san (JN), respectively. Especially, there was a crambids moth, Bocchoris inspersalis Zeller, on the origin of subtropical Africa South of the Sahara, but we can't at this point give any evidence about the intercepted status of this species in Korea. We continuously investigated the moth fauna in Jeju. However, its possible of establishment and spread in the Korean fauna can't be ruled out. Thus, it is very important to our weather conditions and further study on the surveillance of these species are needed, considering its possible status as invasive alien species. To resolve this question, further researches should be done to determine the pathway by which these subtropical moths occurred in Korea.
        3473.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Even though plant protections using chemical pesticides have several advantages, non-specific toxicities to other beneficial insects and humans and rapid development of tolerance and/or resistance of target pests to chemicals are major disadvantages. Recent researches suggested that using double stranded RNA (dsRNA) could be species specific and environmental friendly pest management protocols. However, efficiency of dsRNA treatments are known to be variable according to its application methods. For example, injections of dsRNAs to pests were known to be effective in all species. However, efficiencies of oral application of dsRNAs were known to be dependent on species. Thus, development of tools that could enhance the efficacy of orally treated dsRNAs are utmost important for widening usages of dsRNAs in plant protection. Recently, we found that the efficacy of oral treated dsRNAs to target pests could be enhanced by nano-technologies. I will show how applying nano-technology to dsRNAs enhance the efficiency of dsRNAs. (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Studies for biological characteristics of and control methods against the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, Project No: PJ011630042016), Rural Development Administration).
        3474.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Drosophila has been used as a model for studying various human diseases. Especially, it has been widely used for studying neurological disorders in humans. For example, many progressive neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were recapitulated in Drosophila. We have been studying DYT1 dystonais, an enigmatic movement disorder. We generated several different kinds for Drosophila models by expressing human Torsin1A genes with or without causative mutations. In addition, we employed various Omics tools to identify any genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic alterations. I will summarize our recent progression in using Drosophil as a model for studying molecular and cellular etiologies underlying DYT1 dystonia and in vivo functions of Torsin proteins.
        3475.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Four sympatric tortricid (Lepidoptera) species in New Zealand, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), Planotortrix octo (Dugdale), Cydia pomonella (L.), and Cydia succedana (Denis and Schiffermüller), were studied for the morphology of antennal sensilla and the chemical communication systems using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electro-antennogram (EAG), gas chromatography-electroantenno-detection (GC-EAD), single sensillum recording (SSR) and field tests. Antennal flagella of adult have four main types of olfactory sensilla (s.); s. trichodea, s. basiconica, s. auricillica, and s. coeloconica in the four species. The s. trichodea subtype I was longest and male-specific in all the species. The antennae of males of the four species showed characteristic higher EAG, GC-EAD and SSR responses to 12, 14-carbon acetates or alcohol. Some of the selected chemicals selected from the electrophysiological experiments caused significant antagonistic or agonistic activities to the sex pheromone of each species in the field. In this study, the four species showed distinct chemical communication systems according to sub-family, which possibly serve as a factor in species isolation.
        3476.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Some Japonica rice plant varieties show the resistance to the whitebacked planthopper (S. furcifera) and the varieties produce ovicidal compound, benzyl benzoate, to kill their eggs lying in the rice plant. We have tried to elucidate the mechanism for inducing the production of the benzyl benzoate by the Japonica rice varieties. The active 80% MeOH/H2O extract was chromatographed on ODS open column and separated into 6 fractions; 100% H2O, 20% MeOH/H2O, 60% MeOH/H2O, 80% MeOH/H2O, 100% MeOH, 100% EtOH. Of these 6fractions, 100% MeOH and 100% EtOH fractions evidently induced benzyl benzoate at 43.95μg/g of fresh rice plant(frp) and 31.04μg/gfrp, respectively. The active compounds were submitted to analyses by using NMR and GC- and LC-MS inorder to elucidate the structure. We find elicitors to induce with S. furcifera. The elicitors are in the female of S. furcifera and the structures of elicitors are species of phospholipid and glycerol.
        3477.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Plant-feeding insects are a ubiquitous feature of terrestrial life. It follows that understanding the evolution of insect herbivory and its diversity is fundamental to understanding the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. During my Ph. D. study, I found phylogenetic conservatism in the feeding mode (internal vs. external feeding) of Yponomeutoidea, one of the primitive lepidopteran superfamilies, as well as in their diet breadth and in the growth form and taxonomic affinities of host plants they used. In spite of their importance in terrestrial ecosystems, the evolutionary history of Lepidoptera has been poorly known. This mostly is attributable to their poor fossil record. My Ph. D. study provided better understanding to the lepidopteran fossils. Fossils are an essential resource in divergence time estimation using molecular clock methods. Once reliably resolved, dating data can be used in tracing the evolutionary history of Lepidoptera/plant associations. I introduce my works to take such advantages from fossils and phylogenetic studies.
        3478.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Leafhopper subfamily, Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), caused direct damage by sap-sucking or indirect damage by transmission of viruses or diseases on the host plants, so typhlocybinae is one of the important pest groups in the world. Typhlocybinae distribute worldwide and a total of 471 genera and more than 4,300 species have been described. so far, 38 genera and 102 species were recorded in the Korean Peninsula. In this talk, we provide several taxonomic studies for the Korean typhlocybene fauna based on the genus-level reviews of the subfamily from the Korean Peninsula.
        3479.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Biological control has been tried for integrated pest management. It is often comparable, safe, and environment-friendly, making itself an alternative for chemical agents. Filamentous microorganisms, i.e., fungi and streptomystes, produce many kinds of useful metabolites, and some of them have been developed as a biocontrol agent. However, they still have a long way because of the concern of manufacturing cost. Therefore, process development was intensively studied to meet cost-effectiveness. Operating conditions of bioreactor, e.g., agitation and aeration, had an effect on biological and physiological responses such as mycelial morphology, oxygen and nutrient transfer. Understanding relationship between operating parameters and microbial responses in terms of growth, substrate and oxygen consumption, and production yield was critical for process development. This study dedicated to build strategies for mass production of biological control agent using aerobic filamentous microorganisms.
        3480.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Chemical communication is very important for survival and reproduction in insects. The successful survival of insects depends to a large extent on the ability to detect and recognize environmental signals. We can manage the insect pest populations by eco-friendly methods by understanding the chemical communication systems which lie among the host trees, pests, and natural enemies. Persimmon is the largest fruit tree in acreage in Korea. Many insect pests are attacking various part of persimmon. Major insect pests of persimmon in Korea are Riptortus pedestris, Halyomorpha halys, Plautia stali as hemipterans, Stathmopoda masinissa, Euzophera batangensis, Conogethes punctiferalis as lepidopterans, There are also some minor insect pests including Homona magnanima, Apolygus spinolae, Synanthedon tenuis, bark beetles et cetera. Some of these produce sex pheromones to attract conspecific females or produce aggregation pheromones to gather conspecific individuals. Interestingly, some insect pests are using the semiochemicals of other species, pheromones or floral scents, as kairomones to find hosts or oviposition sites. These relationships in chemical communications at persimmon ecosystem will be discussed using our research results and others so far.