Automation of frontline service encounters, or the replacement of frontline employees by technologies, is increasingly more common. This new service style, often called self- service, has attracted the attention of service providers who are looking to cut costs (Lin & Hsieh, 2007; Walker et al., 2002) and increase efficiency (Bitner et al., 2002; Curran et al., 2003; Dabholkar, 1996). On the other hand, a major disadvantage of self-service is that it puts the burden of service delivery on consumers (Lu et al., 2019). In other words, the introduction of self-service means a shift from consumers being served by frontline employees to their serving themselves by interacting with technologies. This means that consumers’ acceptance is key for self-service to be implemented successfully.

최근 COVID-19로 인해 증가한 급성 폐부전 중증환자 치료를 위한 인공폐 기술의 필요성이 부각되었다. 또한, 빠 르게 진행되고 있는 인구고령화는 인공장기(artificial organ, AO) 기술에 대한 높은 수요를 불가피하게 만들고 있다. 분리막은 폐, 신장, 간 및 췌장을 포함한 많은 AO 기기의 핵심 부품이다. 특히 인공폐(artificial lung, AL) 기술은 지난 50년간 빠르게 발전해왔지만, 장기부전 환자의 생존율은 50% 내외로 여전히 낮은 편이다. 현재 대부분의 AL 관련문헌은 임상결과에 집중되 어 있으며, AL 분리막의 개발연구는 매우 부족한 편이다. 이에 대한 원인 중 하나는 AL 기술이 생명공학을 포함하여 고분자 화학 및 분리공정 기술을 아우르는 융합적 기술개발을 요구하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 본 총설에서는 헬스케어산업에서 AL 분리막 기술의 역할과 기술개발이 필요한 난제들을 정리하였다. 특히, 분리막 소재의 혈액적합성, 분리성능, 모듈 디자인 및 공정 구성 측면에서 다양한 연구개발이 필요하다는 부분을 강조하고자 한다.

The growth is hot about the number of companies, the vehicles, and the variety of the business model of freight services in general, the road freight, in particular, have cooked up big challenges for the state management as well as the administration about business activities of transport companies. The road freight has still many inadequacies about the hight running coast, badly affecting the environment, the increase in the traffic jam and traffic accidents. About the state management, the organization and implementation processes the function to control the road transport encounter many difficulties and exist inadequacies about post-check after business registration, not ensure supply-demand balance in the transport markets. Still have many duplications in plan and organize the implementation of the sustainable development policy lead to has not brought into play all resources and effectiveness. Technology applications in management and operating, the policy of sustainable development in the road freight has not been given adequate attention. Faced with the need for sustainable development and improving the efficiency of the national transportation system, research on strengthening state management of car transportation in Vietnam is very urgent. Moreover, it is very practical and scientific to propose solutions to contribute to improving the capacity, effectiveness and efficiency of the state management of goods transportation by car in Vietnam.. The article focuses on analyzing and evaluating the current state of state management about the goods freight by cars, proposing radical solutions to strengthen state management to get the goals of sustainable development of the transport and the freight transport industry. Based on data collected from actual surveys, interviews and published research, the author has analyzed the overall performance of state management in car freight transport. With the number of 1227 sending feedback votes, it is a reliable basis for analyzing, assessing the current situation and clarifying the limitations, weaknesses as well as their causes in the management of freight transport in Vietnam.

Seaports play a huge role in Vietnam's economy, being a border gate for economic and cultural exchanges with outsiders, especially the role of goods circulation. Container cargoes are one of the types of goods with large and increasing volume through Vietnam seaports. However, the heterogeneity between the seaport and the connected infrastructure greatly affects the capacity and efficiency of port investment. This is also one of the main causes leading to a shortage of goods, excess ports in some port areas. The root cause is that the planning has not kept up with the growth of the amount of goods arriving at the port, because the issue of forecasting the volume of goods through the port is not accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop models of forecasting container cargo through the ports with general, scientific, and high accuracy to serve the strategy, planning and development of seaport system; the work of planning and investment in the development of seaports, shipping fleets and other auxiliary transport infrastructure works. The purpose of this study is to build suitable forecasting models with high accuracy and reliability on the total volume of container cargo throughput of the Vietnamese seaport system. Based on the methods of a statistical survey, synthesis, regression analysis, and correlation to evaluate the influence of factors on container cargo volume through Vietnam's seaports in the period of 2004-2019. By incorporating more economic factors into the regression model, the paper focuses on forecasting container cargo through the Vietnamese seaport systems, going into cargo-based forecasting in tons and TEUs. The results of this study contribute to complete the rationale for forecasting, especially forecasts related to the shipping industry and the forecast for container cargo throughput of the seaport. Finally, selecting models for forecasting container cargo volume throughput of seaports by Vietnamese conditions.

본 연구는 폐쇄형 식물공장에서 시금치 수경재배시 세가지의 인공광이 생육, 광합성 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 세가지 광 처리구는 적색 (660nm), 청색 (450nm) 및 녹색 (550nm) LED를 사용하여, R660 / B450 = 4/1 (RBL), R660 / B450 / G550 = 5/2/3 (WWL); R660 / B450 / G550 = 1/1/1 (WL) 비율로 혼합하였고, 동일한 광도로 설정하였다 (PPFD = 190 μmol‧m-2 ‧s-1). 생육조사결과 초장, 엽수는 WL이 가장 적었다. SPAD, 순광합성율, Fv/Fm, LAI, 근권부 생육은 RBL이 가장 높았고 통계적으로 유의하였다. 줄기, 잎, 뿌리의 생체중, 뿌리의 건물중은 세가지 처리구에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 대조적으로 WL의 칼륨의 함량은 WWL과 RBL 가운데 가장 높았지만, 반면 칼륨과 철의 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 비타민C 함량도 시험구간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 질소와 옥살산 함량은 WL이 가장 높았고, 용해성 고체와 비타민C 함량은 RBL이 가장 높았다. 옥살산, 질소 함량은 WWL에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고, RBL의 옥살산 함량은 WL와 WWL과 차이가 없었다. 모든 처리구에서 Salmonella, E.coli.는 감염되지 않았다. 결론적으로, RBL이 시금치의 생육에 적합하지만, 적색, 청색과 적정하게 혼합된 녹색광은 시금치의 생육에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 판단된다.

Vietnam is located in the centre of Asia - Pacific, on international maritime routes. With a long coastline of about 3260 km stretching from North to South, Vietnam has many favourable conditions to bring import and export goods to the world. Not only its production, but Vietnam is also an ideal place to conduct transhipment activities such as transit, border-gate transfer, and temporary import for re-export. Vietnam is a country with favourable natural conditions and geographical location to develop logistics services. Along with the process of opening and integration, the volume of goods produced, domestically circulated and exported and imported in recent years has grown strongly, which is the premise and driving force for the development of logistics services. Logistics is becoming an essential service industry of international trade activities and attracts extraordinary attention to the economic community. The role of science and technology in development has been widely accepted. In today's increasingly competitive international environment, technology is a vital strategic element for rapid socio-economic development. Thanks to technological innovation, businesses have many opportunities to improve productivity, product quality, as well as to improve the ability in designing new production lines, new products and improving the efficiency in business management and operation. In order to survive and develop sustainably, all countries have preferential policies to encourage businesses to innovate technology. Moreover, businesses also recognize the need for technological innovation to keep pace with the world's development trend; this is the experience gained from countries with developed economies. This paper presents some issues on trends and applications of information technology, blockchain technology in the field of supply chain management and logistics to improve the competitiveness and develop logistics services of Vietnam. On that basis, the article also proposes several recommendations to support businesses in innovation and technology application in managing and operating this critical economic sector.

The Ryanodine Receptor in wild type Drosophila melanogaster has an amino acid substitution which is known to cause Chlorantraniliprole resistance in Pluteall xylostella. Even though we have reported that two Chlorantraniliprole resistant Drosophila strains have elevated total esterase activities, our report does not fully explain the significantly increased resistant ratios in two Chlorantraniliprole resistant Drosophila strains. Thus, we further analyzed alteration of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria activities in two Chlorantraniliprole resistant Drosophila strains. Our result suggested that Chlorantraniliprole resistance development in Drosophila requires alteration of various signal transduction pathways.

We investigated unknown in vivo functions of Torsin by using Drosophila as a model. Downregulation of Drosophila Torsin (DTor) by DTor specific inhibitory double-stranded RNA (RNAi) induced abnormal locomotor behavior and increased susceptibility to H2O2. In addition, altered expression of DTor significantly increased the numbers of synaptic boutons. One of important biochemical consequence of DTor-RNAi expression in fly brains was up-regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Altered expression of ADH has also been reported in Drosophila Fragile-X mental retardation protein (DFMRP) mutant flies. Interestingly, expression of DFMRP was altered in DTor mutant flies, and DTor and DFMRP were present in the same protein complexes. In addition, DTor and DFMRP immunoreactivities were partially colocalized in several cellular organelles in larval muscles. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between synaptic morphologies of dfmrp null mutants and dfmrp mutants expressing DTor-RNAi. Taken together, our evidences suggested that DTor and DFMRP might be present in the same signaling pathway regulating synaptic plasticity. (This work was supported bythe basic science research program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2015R1D1A3A01018497)

Even though plant protections using chemical pesticides have several advantages, non-specific toxicities to other beneficial insects and humans and rapid development of tolerance and/or resistance of target pests to chemicals are major disadvantages. Recent researches suggested that using double stranded RNA (dsRNA) could be species specific and environmental friendly pest management protocols. However, efficiency of dsRNA treatments are known to be variable according to its application methods. For example, injections of dsRNAs to pests were known to be effective in all species. However, efficiencies of oral application of dsRNAs were known to be dependent on species. Thus, development of tools that could enhance the efficacy of orally treated dsRNAs are utmost important for widening usages of dsRNAs in plant protection. Recently, we found that the efficacy of oral treated dsRNAs to target pests could be enhanced by nano-technologies. I will show how applying nano-technology to dsRNAs enhance the efficiency of dsRNAs. (This work was carried out with the support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Studies for biological characteristics of and control methods against the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, Project No: PJ011630042016), Rural Development Administration).

The purpose of this paper is to (1) evaluate a proposed conceptual model based on integrated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); (2) compare the differences between Vietnam and South Korea regarding the effects of consumer perception of CSR activities and technology acceptance on intention to adopt mobile banking. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted to analyze the data collected from the field survey questionnaires administered to a convenience sample of Vietnamese and Korean banking customers. The results showed that there is a difference between South Korea and Vietnam with regard to intention to use mobile banking services. While the effects of social responsibility and environmental responsibility on trust, trust on perceived usefulness, perceived risk on intention to use, perceived usefulness on intention to use were significant in the context of Vietnam but those effects were not significant in South Korea. Therefore, this study has attempted to fill this gap by empirically examining some of the important factors influencing the adoption of m-banking from the Vietnamese and Korean customers’ perspectives. Finally, practical and theoretical implications for both banks and researchers in the m- banking context are also discussed in the concluding section.

Project manager plays a very important role in the success of any project. The primary duty of the project manager is to combine the outcomes or results of the various processes and activities of project management into a systematic project management strategy or plan for the project. In the construction industry, a lack of motivation is an urgent problem for many project managers in construction and engineering projects. Lack of motivation affects the quality and productivity of jobs, reducing profits and growth for companies, businesses, contractors or organizations that rely on human resources. The reasons for this lack of motivation are diverse ranging from salary to culture to life and working environment, among others. Through surveys and data analysis using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability and EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis), our research scaled the factors affecting work motivation of project managers in the construction industry in Vietnam. The research results identified six major groups of relevant factors including (i) salary and benefits, (ii) work environment, (iii) promotion opportunities, (iv) organizational culture, (v) interest in the job, and (vi) relationship with the organization. From there, this paper contributed useful information as well as measures for businesses, companies, contractors or organizations in the construction industry.

The main aim of the present study is to investigate the factors that are considered affecting the adoption of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in the autonomous public universities in Vietnam. A quantitative research was carried out. The data was collected through an online questionnaire survey between June 2020 and September 2020 addressed to the target respondents comprising 168 managers and accountants from 23 autonomous public universities in Vietnam, which participated in the resolution project No. 77/NQ-CP of the Vietnamese government on the pilot renovation of operational mechanisms of public tertiary education institutions during the period of four years, from 2014 to 2017. The findings resulted from hypothesis testing by a binary regression analysis based on the SPSS 20.0 software show that training, competition, support of top manager, and university size are the four main factors that positively affect the adoption of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in studied universities. On the other hand, no statistically significant impact was found on two other variables, namely the variety of services provided and the usefulness of cost information factors. From the research results, discussions and policy recommendations have been presented to promote the adoption of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Vietnamese autonomous public universities in the coming time.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing the Vietnamese farmers’ intention to accept organic farming based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). After in-depth interviews with five agricultural researchers and five farmers, the authors have identified a formal research model and built a complete survey. Data were collected from 318 farmers in Hanoi, Vietnam, by surveying directly at their homes or farms. Statistical methods, such as Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and linear regression analysis, were used to analyze the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0. The results show that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a positive influence on farmers’ intention to accept organic farming in Vietnam. Based on the degree of impact of these factors, the authors give a few suggestions to state management agencies to promote the intention to accept organic farming in Vietnam: (i) increasing awareness of the difference between organic farming and conventional farming, the role of organic farming in health and the environment; (ii) increasing the activities of guiding the organic farming practices and facilitating the farmers to access these guides through many channels; and (iii) holding sessions to share practices in organic farming practices.

E-commerce development led to the explosion of online payment. Consumers have many choices when deciding on the online payment method for each transaction. Using a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods with the help of SPSS AMOS version 22.0, the article explores the factors that influence consumers’ online payment method decision behavior in Vietnam. Research results show that awareness of usefulness, awareness of risk, awareness of trust, awareness ease of use, product uncertainly perception and perceived behavioral control have effects on the behavior of deciding on online payment methods. Awareness of risk has the strongest negative impact on online payment method decision behavior and awareness of usefulness has the strongest positive impact on online payment method decision behavior. Based on these important results, the article proposes a number of implications: (i) continuing to invest and upgrade modern technology to ensure customer information absolutely confidential; (ii) converting all ATM cards on the market to EMV chip standard card technology; (iii) improving service activities, quickly handle things to create confidence for customers; (iv) credit institutions operating in the field of online payment linked to e-commerce sites, supermarkets, convenience stores, restaurants must ask partners to increase transparency for the products.

This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for evaluating the impact of motivational factors on the work results of lecturers at Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), one of two leading multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral national universities in Vietnam. This study has considered wages and other benefits (WB), training and development (TD), working environment (WE) and working motivation (WM) as motivational factors, and proposed a structural model of the impact of motivational factors on the work results of lecturers at VNU. The empirical analysis used data from the survey data of 321 university lecturers. Comprehensive, valid, and reliable tools (SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 3.0 software) are used to evaluate rigorous statistical tests including convergence validity, discriminatory validity, reliability, and average variance extracted to analyze and verify the gathered data, and the hypotheses developed. The result of path analysis shows that four motivational factors constitute a structured system with different degrees of influence on the work results of lecturers. There is also a positive relationship between the motivational factors and the work results of lecturers. As a result, it can be concluded that all hypotheses developed are supported. Several recommendations are further suggested to improve the performance of lecturers at VNU.

Livelihood capitals have a clear influence on livelihood development. As for the livelihood results, it has been pointed out in the analysis of the poor households that the ability of people to escape poverty depends especially on the access to livelihood capitals. This study aims to analyze the impacts of livelihood capital on poverty among mountain people who depend on forests through human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital. This research employs the model of binary regression function. Independent variables x1, x2, ..., xn are targets of livelihood strategy, vulnerability context, and livelihood capitals. These variables were selected to be included in the original model with dependent variable Y as poor and non-poor households. This study surveys households living in upland areas, near forests, and households of ethnic minorities. The results show that,out of the poor household rate, nearly 4% are newly-poor households or those falling back into poverty. Therefore, the government needs to pay more attention to this disadvantaged group and implements policies such as education and training policies, credit support policies, policies to support forest development, and payment for forest environmental services in the context of emerging countries like Vietnam.,