This study was conducted to examine the effect of new inoculants on in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics of high moisture rye silage. Rye was harvested at heading stage and divided into 5 treatments, following: No additives(CON); L. plantarum R48-27(NI1); L. buchneri R4-26(NI2); mixture of NI1 and NI2 at 1:1 ratio(MIX); and L. buchneri(LB). The rye forage was ensiled into 10 L bucket silo for 100 days. In vitro digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were highest(p<0.05) in NI2 silage. The pH in NI2 and LB silages were lower(p<0.05) than CON silage. Lactate concentration was highest(p<0.05) in NI1 silage. While concentrations of acetate and propionate were highest(p<0.05) in MIX silage. Lactates : acetate ratio was highest(p<0.05) in NI1 silage, but lowest in LB silage. Butyrate concentrations of NI2 and LB silages were lower(p<0.05) than that in CON and NI1 silages. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in all inoculated silages was higher(p<0.05) than that in CON silage, while yeast count in LB silage was lower than in CON, NI1, and MIX silages. In conclusion, application of NI2 inoculant could improve potentially fermentation quality and digestibility of high moisture rye silage.

Gryllus bimaculatus is one of many cricket species known as field crickets. Also known as the African or Mediterranean field cricket or as the two-spotted cricket, it can be discriminated from other Gryllus species by the two dot-like marks on the base of its wings. G.bimaculatus is a subtropical insect and widely distributed from Africa to south Asia. After into the country, The species are popular for use as a food source for insectivorous animals like spiders and reptiles kept as pets. In 2016, was approved as a general food ingredient by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, domestic research on G.bimaculatus is still in its study is beginning stages. and analyze nutrtion elements as per dry conditions for processing&production of G.bimaculatus. The growth stage passing by 50 days after hatching was highest in general component and amino acid contents. The crickets passing by 50 days after hatching was highest 77% crude protein in condition hotair drying 60℃, 23% crude fat in condition freeze drying.

Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mistshenko(Orthoptera:Acrididae) was lived in clean and non polluted area. grasshopper was approved as a general food ingredient by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. general component contents was 67~75% crude protein, 5~11% crude fat in a dried state. grasshopper is a high protein food. amino acids is high. In the composition and content of amino acids, which consists of the protein is the hightes alanine, glycine(soft and sweet) and arginine, histidine(essential amino acid of children) consequently, we developed a snack for children added with grasshopper powder. general composition of snack is 8~11% crude protein, 0.2~0.75% crude fat. The protein content increased with increasing addition ratio. 3% grasshopper powder was the best in general preference.

In order to accumulate the ecological information of Drosophila suzukii for export negotiations of domestic strawberry, we weekly monitored occurrence of D. suzukii at three strawberry fields located in Gok-seong, Dam-yang and Hwa-sun using the best combination of trap and attractant from November 2017 to May 2018, the period of strawberry production. Monitoring was carried out at three sites (a hill located 150 meter distant to greenhouse, outside greenhouse and inside greenhouse) in Gok-seong. Drosophil suzukii was trapped at three short periods from November to the beginning of December, from the end of December to the beginning of January, and from April in a hill. At outside greenhouse, D. suzukii was trapped at two short periods from November to the early December and the beginning of May. In inside greenhouse, it occurred once after May 24th. Gok-seong data can be summarized as more occurrence for longer period as the distance to greenhouse increases. Dam-yang occurred once in a short period inside greenhouse and hill, respectively on May. In case of Hwa-sun, D. suzukii did not trapped in whole trapping sites during trapping period, except for the surrounding grape and peach cultivation areas at the end of November. Summarized, no occurrence periods are from November 20th, 2017 to May 14th, 2018 inside greenhouse; from December 11th, 2017 to May 3rd, 2018 outside greenhouse; and from January 8th, 2018 to April 12th, 2018 on a hill. In connection with strawberry culture, the D. suzukii tends to occur at the beginning and the end of the strawberry production period. We expect this result can serve as a helpful data for export negotiation for quarantine.

갈색날개매미충은 기주 범위가 넓고, 효과적 방제가 어려운 해충으로 알려져 있으며, 향후 더 큰 피해를 유발할 수 있는 해충으로 지목되고 있다. 경북지역의 안동과 의성에서 3월부터 9월까지 4개 지점을 선정하여 갈색날개매미충의 월동란이 산란된 월동기주를 중심으로 월동란 부화 시점 및 부화 후 약충에서 성충까지 그리고 다시 월동란 산란까지의 패턴을 모니터링하였다. 각 지점의 환경조건 및 수목류 군락의 조성은 조금씩 차이가 있으나 충분한 산란흔이 있었다. 1령 약충은 5월 중하순부터 하순까지 나타났고 산수유나무, 매실나무에서 가장 먼저 확인되었으며, 이후 수목류에서의 밀도증가 양상은 매실나무에서 더 빠르게 진행되었다. 그리고 2령 약충 까지는 기주식물에 인접한 수목류로의 이동한 모습도 일부 관찰되었다. 그러나 6월 중순경에는 3령 약충의 기주식물 주변 초본류로의 이동이 관찰되었으며, 월동란에서의 부화 후 1회차 이동분산으로써, 주로 상부에서 하부로의 점프를 통한 이동으로 판단된다. 이는 새순 부위가 경화된 월동 기주식물에서 경화되지 않은 초본류의 새순으로의 이동으로써, 특정한 초본류에 집중되지 않고 넓은 범위에 산재하여 분포하였다. 4령 약충 시기에는 주변 특정 초본류와 목본류 새순에 집중적으로 분포하는 패턴을 보이기도 하였다. 7월경에는 성충이 관찰되었으며, 이는 2회차 분산이 진행되는 시점으로 판단된다. 이후 8월 중순까지 지속해서 밀도 감소가 이뤄지던 월동 기주에서의 밀도 감소 상태가 증가 추세로 전환되었다. 그리고 9월 상순경에는 2018년 월동기주에서의 성충밀도 증가와 교미 행동 및 1년생 가지에서의 산란흔이 관찰되었다. 산란흔의 집중도는 산수유나무와 매실나무가 다른 수목류보다 높았으며, 이는 모니터링이 진행된 모든 지점에서 공통된 패턴임을 확인할 수 있었다.

Destruxins (Dtxs) are insecticidal cyclic hexadepsipeptides produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Media composition for dtxs production was optimized with industrial grade media. Glycerol and casein peptone were selected as a carbon source and a nitrogen source, respectively. Dtxs production varied with C/N ratios. High yields of dtxs were observed at C/N ratios ranging 0.3 to 1.5, with concentrations mostly higher than 800 mg/L. Low yields were caused by high C/N ratio ranging from 3.0 to 8.0, resulting in less than 500 mg/L. The highest yield of Dtxs was obtained with 2% glycerol and 3% casein peptone, showing 192.2 mg/L of dtx A, 911.1 mg/L of dtx B, and 113.3 mg/L of dtx E, respectively. These results indicated that dtxs production is highly influenced by C/N ratio, especially the content of nitrogen source.

연 10회 이상 발생하는 온실가루이는 토마토 재배 시 6월 하순 기온이 상승하면서부터 발생량이 급격히 증가하고 약제에 대한 저항성이 강해 많은 농가에서 방제에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 온실가루이의 효과적인 방제를 위해 최적교호살포 약제조합을 선발하는 실험을 실시하였다. 작용기작에 따라 약제는 각각 신경전달기능을 억제하고, 키틴생합성을 저해하며, 지질생합성을 저해하는 작용기작을 가진 약제로 선정하였다. 각 처리구별로 약제 살포순서를 다르게 하여 교호살포한 결과 모든 처리구에서 3회 약제처리 후 성충밀도가 처리전 밀도보다 유의한 차로 줄어들었다. 약충에 있어서는 약제처리전 모든 처리구에서 약충 발생이 낮아 정확한 밀도억제효과를 확인하기 어려웠지만 최종조사에서는 신경전달저해, 탈피저해, 지질생합성저해 약제 순으로 처리한 처리구의 밀도가 무처리구와 비교하였을 때 일정수준 억제되는것을 확인하였다

The yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), invaded into South Korea in 2003. Currently, V. velutina is distributed throughout South Korean regions,. A genetic trait of invasive species provides important data for environmental risk assessment. In this study, we analysed the genetic variation of the V. velutina among the populations of South Korea and other foreign countries using partial sequences of mitochondrial COI, CytB and 16S rRNA. We further developed intergenic spacers (IGS2 and IGS3) to detect genetic variation among Korean populations. Each single haplotype was recovered from the domestic V. velutina from each coding gene sequence. Korean individuals shared the haplotype with that of Japan and China. Phylogenetic analysis (excluding 16S rRNA) using available sequences and ours showed the presence of two groups: the Indonesia and Malaysia group and another group (Korea, Japan, China, France, Vietnam and Thailand). The newly developed IGS2 and IGS3 markers resulted in each seven and four haplotypes, providing better resolution than coding gene sequences. Analysis of Molecular Variance using the combined sequences of IGS2 and IGS3 showed that the majority of variance was allocated to each population and only minority of variance is allocated to among-populations. This result may indicate that the V. v. nigrithorax invaded in Korea shows a single panmictic population and this possibly suggest that Korean population may have originated from small founder individuals.