본 연구는 학원 운동선수로 활동한 경험이 있는 중·고등학생을 추적하여 그들이 스포츠를 중도에 포기하게된 탈퇴요인의 구조를 요인분석을 통해 확인하고, 이러한 요인들이 성별과 경력, 탈퇴시기, 종목유형에 따라 차이가 있는지를 검증하였다. 개방형 질문지의 반응을 토대로 탈퇴요인 척도를 제작하여 409명의 운동탈퇴자를 대상으로 문항분석, 요인분석, 내적일관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 과도한 훈련, 장래 불안, 경제적 부담, 자신감 상설, 부정적 교우관계, 학업퇴보, 흥미·재미 상실, 부당한 위계구조의 8개 요인이 도출되었다. 아울러, 탈퇴 요인들은 성과 경력, 탈퇴시기, 종목유형에 따라서도 차이가 발견되었다. 전반적으로 이러한 변인들에서의 차이는 경제적 부담이나 과도한 훈련, 부당한 위계구조 요인에서 크게 나타났다. 이 결과는 서구 연구결과의 비교를 통해 우리 청소년 스포츠 문화가 갖는 부정적 구조와 패턴을 제시하는 측면에서 논의하였다.

This study was conducted to find the structure of phytoplankton community in the Hoeya river(Ulsan) from March 2000 to February 2001. The taxa of phytoplankton identified included 135 species, 5 divisions, 33 families and 82 genera. Among them, chrysophyta(diatoms) were 63 species(46.7%), chlorophyta(green algae) 47 species(34.8%), pyrrophyta(dinoflagellates) 13 species(9.6%), cyanophyta (cyanobacteria) 8 species(5.9%) and euglenophyta(euglenoids) 4 species(3.0%) respectively. Ecological important species is called frequently appearing species, red tide causative species, seawater species and pollution indicator. 22 species including Aulacoseira granulata were recorded frequently appearing species. 19 species including Ceratium furca were recorded as red tide causing species. And the pollution indicators were 33 species including Actinastrum hantzschii var. fluviatile. The highest standing crops were 3,103,441 cells/ℓ in August at the RW-1 and the lowest 1,245 cells/ℓ in January at the RW-5. In the community analysis, the dominanance indices ranged from 0.34(October, RW-2) to 0.94(January, RW-1) and the diversity indices from 0.50(May, RW-2) to 2.57(September, RW-2). The saprobic indices were 2.43 in RW-1, 2.41 in RW-2, 2.375 in RW-3, 2.40 in RW-4, 2.43, in RW-5. Therefore, these areas were investigated “β-mesosaprobic”. According to the similarity index among the stations, these areas were defined as residential district areas(RW-2 and RW-3), lower part of the dam (RW-1) and seawater areas(RW-4 and RW-5).

Jeong - s il Song . 2002. T he Struc ture of Eng lish Imperativ e s . S t ud ie s in M od e rn Gramma r 27, 57 - 76 . English imperatives have idiosyncracies that we cannot find in the other types of sentences . First , they usually have covert subjects and always take bare verbs . Second, they never undergo verb raising, that is, even if they have an auxiliary be or have, they need do- support . Third, when they have the overt subject you, the idiosyncracy is more peculiar : the only word order allowed is (Don 't) y ou V X . This study explains the first idiosyncracy by the fact that English imperatives are tenseless . Being tenseless requires no EPP effect, thus allowing covert subject s. Being tenseless also allows bare verbs. The second idiosyncracy is explained by assuming that the auxiliaries be and have, when they are used in the imperative, come to have some meaning related with action. This action- related meaning is incorporated structurally into ActP, a new shell structure right over v/VP . The third idiosyncracy is explained by assuming that the subject , overt or covert, is realized in the Spec of ActP.