In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the introduction of Smart Factory by domestic SMEs through AHP analysis and tried to provide implications for the introduction of Smart Factory. It was confirmed that the manufacturing and introduction group, the non-manufacturing introduction group, and the already introduced group had the highest weight in the cost reduction in the first hierarchy standard. At this time, it can be seen that the weight for cost reduction is relatively high in the manufacturing introduction group and the introduction group, and the weight for the productivity improvement is relatively high in the non-manufacturing introduction group. It can also be seen that the portion of marketing enhancement does not have a significant impact on smart factory choices. It was confirmed that image enhancement is the highest in the manufacturing introduction group and the non-manufacturing introduction group in the first hierarchy standard, and the marketing has the highest weight in the introduction group. In the two - tiered standard, customer - friendly and proper inventory maintenance weights were relatively high in all the introduced groups, except for the high rankings.

The present study identified several antecedents that create perceived resistance to supply chain management (SCM) change. This work particularly emphasizes SCM change, which is notable given its central role in reacting market orientation and varied environmental and managerial conditions. A careful case study on a small and medium sized food production company in South Korea leads to the formulation of our framework including one second-order construct of ‘resistance’ as well as eight first-order constructs of ‘implementing the payment terms’, ‘balancing of business process’, ‘fear of responsibility’, ‘business sustainability transparency’, ‘past experience of failure’, ‘competence of work personnel’, ‘cooperation with third parties’ and ‘sharing personnel information with partner’. The hypothesized relation of first- and second-order construct was validated using survey sample data collected from 350 respondents who completed their questionnaire instrument. Results from confirmatory factor analysis revealed that nomological validity was established at statistical significance level by identifying six first order constructs of ‘implementing the payment terms’, ‘fear of responsibility’, ‘business sustainability transparency’, ‘past experience of failure’, a conbined construct of 'competence of work personnel/ cooperation with third parties’ and ‘sharing personnel information with partner’. The findings from our work are expected to provide important insights to the strategy for SCM risk management for small and medium sized company.

Recently, automobile manufacturing companies, which are major customers of them, are requiring IATF 16949 (ISO/TS 16949) certification as a mandatory requirement to secure product quality. In particular, IATF 16949 : 2016, revised in October 2016, was reinforced product traceability requirements for production information management by lot in the production process. Therefore, small and medium-sized precision parts processing companies in the automobile industry are very difficult to survive due to quality and price competition for customers satisfaction. MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is required to solve this problem. However, small and medium sized precision parts processing enterprises are reluctant to introduce the MES which is not suitable for the manufacturing environment of them such as high cost and low utilization. Even if the system is introduced, it is difficult to operate and maintain the system because the lack of computer manpower. In this paper, we propose a method for building a lot tracking system for small and medium precision parts processing companies by reviewing relevant literature and analyzing cases. In addition, by managing the production history for each lot of the final product in the system, we will grasp the effect of reducing the quality failure cost obtained by minimizing the range of defect selection.

Domestic SMEs play a key role in production and employment, accounting for 98.9% of total enterprises, 74.4% of employment, 50.8% of production, and 49.0% of value added (as of 2016). However, they are faced with difficulties of survival because of continuous decrease in profitability, shortage of funds and manpower, insufficient accumulation of technology, minimum wage increase, and 52-hour workweek. In order for SMEs to continue to develop in such a difficult environment, we must constantly innovate our organization by making full use of our knowledge, information, experience and ability. To do this, CEO (management) leadership is very important to ensure that the best people are focused on the organizational innovation and management performance without moving the company. In this study, we wanted to establish empirically how the newly emerging compassionate rationalism leadership of SMEs business managers affected the innovation activities and management performance of companies. Research has shown that management’s compassionate rationalism leadership has a positive and significant causal relationship with the innovation activities and management performance of the enterprise. Therefore, SMEs managers need to learn the bottom eight strategic factors of compassionate rationalism leadership and use them strategically to make efforts to create positive emotions for the organization so that members can be immersed in innovative activities and management performance creation.

This study is to develop a diagnostic model for the effective introduction of smart factories in the manufacturing industry, to diagnose SMEs that have difficulties in building their own smart factory compared to large enterprise, to identify the current level and to present directions for implementation. IT, AT, and OT experts diagnosed 18 SMEs using the "Smart Factory Capacity Diagnosis Tool" developed for smart factory level assessment of companies. They analyzed the results and assessed the level by smart factory diagnosis categories. Companies' smart factory diagnostic mean score is 322 out of 1000 points, between 1 level (check) and 2 level (monitoring). According to diagnosis category, Factory Field Basic, R&D, Production/Logistics/Quality Control, Supply Chain Management and Reference Information Standardization are high but Strategy, Facility Automation, Equipment Control, Data/Information System and Effect Analysis are low. There was little difference in smart factory level depending on whether IT system was built or not. Also, Companies with large sales amount were not necessarily advantageous to smart factories. This study will help SMEs who are interested in smart factory. In order to build smart factory, it is necessary to analyze the market trends, SW/ICT and establish a smart factory strategy suitable for the company considering the characteristics of industry and business environment.

본 연구는 2011년과 2013년 중소기업기술통계 조사에 응답한 4,000개 기업 중 본사가 부산에 소재한 중소기업(5인 이상 300인 미만) 481개사를 대상으로 기업의 혁신전략에 따른 민간 연구개발 투자에 미치는 영향요인을 살펴보았다. 기업의 혁신전략과 관련해서는 R&D 포트폴리오, 연구개발조직 및 인력, 조직의 혁신전략 방향 설정자로서의 CEO 역할을 독립변수로 제시하였다. 또한, 산업을 제조업 기술수준별 4개 그룹과 지식서비스업 등 총 5개로 구분하고, 종속변수 민간 연구개발 투자비에 대한 영향을 선형 회귀 분석하였다. 이에 따른 분석 결과는 기업의 혁신전략 중 복합적인 R&D포트폴리오, 체계적인 연구조직 보유, 연구인력 증가는 모두 민간 연구개발비 투자에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 이를 산업별로 구분 하여 분석하여도 연구개발 조직과 연구인력 보유가 유의미한 영향요인으로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 살펴볼 때, 지역 중소기업의 민간 연구개발투자를 활성화하기 위해서는 다양한 R&D 포트폴리오를 갖추고 체계적인 연구개발 조직과 충분한 연구인력을 확보한 기업을 중심으로 R&D 투자가 확대할 수 있도록 산업별 특성을 고려한 정책 지원이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

The aim of this study is to analyze the productivity change of pollock enterprise by applying a mutually quadratic hyperbolic model and a bootstrapping model. This study used 20 units of pollock firms data (from 2013 to 2017). As a result of total productivity analysis of twenty pollock enterprises, total factor productivity was estimated to have decreased by 24.9% over the last five years (2013~2017). The main cause of this productivity decline was analyzed by technical change. In terms of annual productivity change, it showed decrease 3.0% in 2013~2014, 7.8% in 2014~2015, 4.5% in 2015~2016 and 4.7% in 2016~2017 respectively. In the analysis of productivity by corporation type, total factor productivity showed a significant decrease in both general corporation and external corporation, and productivity decrease (-29.3%) was larger than general corporation (-23.0%). In the productivity analysis by type of business, total factor productivity decreased significantly in the order of wholesale and commodity brokerage (-26.3%), food manufacturing (-25.1%) and fisheries (-15.3%). This decrease in productivity was caused by the technological change which indicates a downward shift in the production curve that is significant in all sectors.

본 연구에서는 한국 자동차 부품 업체를 대상으로 완성차 업체의 해외 동반진출과 성과 간의 관계에 대해 실증 적으로 분석하고 이러한 관계가 전속적 거래 관계에 의해 어떻게 달라지는지를 설명하고자 한다. 2004년부터 2016년까지 105개 사의 패널 데이터를 구성하여 실증분석을 한 결과, 국내 자동차 부품회사의 해외직접투자에 있어서 완성차 업체와의 동반진출이 성과에 미치는 영향은 비동반진출보다 컸으며, 동반진출이 성과에 미치는 긍 정적 영향은 그 횟수가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 자동차 부품 업체가 대기업과의 동반진출을 통해 초기 납품 물량을 안정적으로 보장받을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 파트너가 보유한 네트워크를 통해 초기에는 빠르게 성장할 수 있지만, 동반 진출 횟수가 많아질수록 조직 복잡성으로 인한 조정 비용의 증가로 인해 이익의 폭이 줄 어들 수 있음을 나타낸다. 마지막으로 동반 진출과 성과 간의 관계에서 완성차 업체에 대한 전속적 관계가 두 변 수간 관계를 더 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 국내 자동차 부품기업들의 동반진출효과를 실증적으로 분석함에 따라 한국 자동차 산업 및 중소기업의 국제화 전략에 유용한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시한다.

본 연구는 특허출원이 기업 성과에 영향을 미친다는 가정 하에 중소중견 기업을 위한 산업별 맞춤형 특허 활동성 제고 전략 5가지를 제안함으로서 향후 중소 중견기업의 특허활동 성과 제고에 기여하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 특허 활동이 활발한 25개 산업을 대상으로 2010년부터 5년간의 특허 활동성 통계자료와 2014년도 기준 기업성과 통계자료를 활용하였다. 연구절차는 DEA-BCC 효율성 분석과 특허 활동성 분석, 그리고 특허 포트폴리오 분석을 각각 실시한 후, 이를 종합한 특허 활동성 제고 전략을 제안하는 순으로 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 특허 활동성이 높고 IRS(규모 수익체증)형태를 보인 5개 산업의 경우, 특허 효율성이 높은 산업으로서 기업성과 향상에 실질적인 도움이 되고 있음을 확인하였다, 반면, 특허 활동성은 높으나 규모수익 이 IRS(규모수익체중)/DRS(규모수익체감)형태로 나타난 12개 산업을 비롯, 특허 활동성도 낮고 규모수익이 DRS(규모수익체감)형태, CRS/IRS 혼합형태, 그리고 IRS 형태 로 나타난 8개 산업 모두, 산업별 특성에 따라 특허 효율성도 다양한 형태로 나타날 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are being faced with rapid changes in their business environments due to evolution of technologies and innovation in societal eco-systems. Particularly, dynamic interactions between such environments and enterprise activities have become significant, so technology planning, which is a process of identifying appropriate directions regarding product and technology development, has received much attention to cope with such dynamics proactively. However, SMEs typically have limits in performing independent, strategical and systematical technology planning activities due to the lack of human, material and financial resources. This paper proposes the development of a product roadmapping method so that SMEs carry out efficient technology planning activities with interconnections of external business environments. The present work provides product roadmap templates that directly accommodate the influence of business environments on the product’s system and its associated super/sub-systems with the use of external environment analysis techniques including TRIZ methodology, PEST and 5Forces analysis. These templates are useful to efficiently forecast the directions of product’s development and evolution, which arise from changes in external environments. Consequently, the present work enables SMEs to flexibly cope with the era of the next R&D generation, which pursues value creation through mutual interconnection between business environments and technology development.

본격적인 뉴노멀(New Normal) 시대에 접어들면서 중소기업의 중요성은 더욱 강조되는 추세이다. 우리나라도 경제성장과 일자리 창출을 위하여 중소기업 지원을 강화하고 있으며, 특히 R&D투자와 기술혁신을 촉진하기 위하여 국가연구개발사업과 조세지원제도를 확충하는 등 다양한 정책수단을 강구하고 있다. 하지만 중소기업의 R&D투자를 유인하기 위한 직·간접지원의 효용성에 대해서는 연구자마다 의견이 엇갈리고 있으며, 두 정책수단 간 최적의 조합을 모색하려는 논의는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 중소기업 정책의 주 무부처가 격상되었고, 중소기업을 지원하는 정부 R&D투자의 규모가 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 현 시점이 직·간접지원의 정책조합을 비롯한 중장기적 방향성에 대하여 논의할 적기로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 그간 국내 학계에서 발표되었던 유관 연구 32건을 취합하여 체계적 문헌고찰과 메타분석을 시도하였다. 이러한 작업은 단순히 정부의 정책지원이 중소기업의 자체 R&D투자를 유인하는지 검증하는 수준을 넘어, 그간의 관련 논쟁을 종합하고 실증적으로 정리한다는 의의도 있다. 본 연구의 메타분석 결과, 대기업은 조세지원 위주로, 중소기업은 보조금 위주로 지원하는 것이 효과적이었다. 하지만 현재 우리나라의 중소기업 R&D지원은 직접지원에 대한 비중이 과도하게 높아서 간접지원 비중을 점진적으로 늘릴 필요성이 제기된 다.

The purpose of this research was to test the effects of entrepreneurship and technological innovation capability on new product performance in SMEs and the moderating role of absorption capability. For this study, Research data were collected through questionnaire instruments from the sample of 374 employees in 18 SMEs of metropolitan area. The 336 sample was selected and analyzed by hierarchical regression technique. The results showed that entrepreneurship and technological innovation capability had a positive effect on new product performance. And also found out absorption capability had the moderate roles between all the three factors of technological innovation capability factors and new product performance, but not between all the three factors of entrepreneurship and new product performance. With the research results, the implications for technical management of SMEs were discussed, and the directions for future research were suggested.

The Korean fisheries industry is a traditional business, the majority of which are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It has played an important role in the South Korean economies in the past several decades, but it currently faces the limitations of growth potential and profitability due to declining workforce, aging populations, deteriorating fishery environments, climate changes, and rapid changes in the global industrial ecosystem. Many studies have suggested solutions for the fisheries industry in macro perspective, but there are rarely any studies taking the strategic approaches for the problem. If it is possible for governments to support the companies that are likely to increase their value-added selectively, it will break through the current situation more effectively. This paper introduces a study on the selection method utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) to find SMEs with potentials to increase profits and growth. We suggest selecting SMEs with high management efficiency and ability to utilize intangible assets as the target companies. We also suggest policy objectives for SMEs in the domestic fisheries industry based on the results of DEA analysis and propose a data-based method for the policy decisions.

중소기업 분야는 산업사회와 정책 변화에 기인하여 관련 연구들이 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있기 때문에 정책과의 연계성이 비교적 높은 편이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 전제로 중소기업 기술혁신정책 관련 학술연구의 연구동향을 분석하고, 중소기업 기술혁신정책과의 상호관계를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과에 따르면 시간이 지남에 따라 학술연구와 정책간의 주제적 유사성이 높아지고 있었다. 이를 통해 해당 시기의 정책을 학술적 관점에서 검증하는 연구가 증가하고 있다는 것과 정부주도정책으로 인해 정책적 이슈가 학술연구에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 학술연구와 정책간의 시간차가 존재하는 연주주제가 나타났으며, 해당 정책이 시행되는 시기에 학술연구가 이전연도에 비해 증가하는 경향이 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 연구 결과는 향후 발표될 ‘중소기업 기술혁신 5개년 계획(2019~2023)’의 수립에 있어 주요 논의사항을 파악하고 방향성을 설정하는데 기여하고, 증거 기반 정책 설계의 가능성을 보여줄 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.