The paper proposes a knowledge innovation performance model by the dynamic data envelopment analysis with slacks-based measure approach for evaluating the effectiveness of 30 regional knowledge innovation activities in China from 2010 to 2016. In recent years, China has paid more attention to knowledge innovation activities, as central and local governments have pushed on with their innovation projects by lots of investment whatever the difficulties may be. Decision-maker is usually interested in judge its knowledge innovation performance relative to target benchmark by exploring whether one provincial administration region performs better among others and/or if the growth of economy will be benefited greatly by the knowledge innovation activities. To acquire the managerial insight about this issue from a comprehensively designed performance evaluation model, knowledge innovation activity is conceptualized as an intertemporal production process. Invention patent and regional gross product are imposed on desirable outputs, highlighting the need for knowledge economy. The empirical result shows that knowledge innovation has a positive effect on economic development. At the same time, decision-maker should be interest in the economic effect of patents’ type and quality. The government should then encourage new technical applications with greater commercial value from a market-oriented perspective, in order to benefit the most from the innovation process in the short-run.

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of chatbots’ innovation attributes on the innovation acceptance for consumers who have used chatbots to purchase fashion products that account for a large share of transactions in mobile shopping. Research design, data, and methodology – Data were collected from Korean consumers aged 20 to 49 who had experience using chatbots when purchasing fashion-related products via mobile circumstances. After a pilot survey of 31 customers, pre-questionnaire was revised for the final test, and the final questionnaire was distributed to 1,500 subjects. Out of these, 244 were retrieved. After excluding 48 inappropriate responses, 196 were used for statistical analysis. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, regression analysis and independent t-test using SPSS 23.0 were employed for data analyses. Results - First, four factors of chatbots’ attributes were extracted: relative advantages and compatibility, complexity, sensibility, and diversity. Second, two factors were extracted for fashion leadership: fashion opinion leadership and fashion innovativeness. Two groups based on the fashion leadership were identified: active innovation adopters and passive innovation adopters. Third, relative advantages and compatibility, diversity, sensibility of innovation attributes were found to have effects on the innovation acceptance in order. Fourth, significant differences were found in sensibility of innovation attributes and innovation acceptance in groups by marital status and age. The married in their 30s and 40s perceived sensibility as a more important attribute of chatbots than the unmarried in their twenties. Among the groups of different income levels, meaningful differences were found in diversity of innovation attributes and innovation acceptance. Fifth, there were significant differences found in relative advantages and compatibility, sensibility of innovation attributes, and acceptance of Innovation among the groups by fashion leadership. Active innovation adopters were found to be more aware of the importance of relative advantages and compatibility, and sensibility of innovation attributes, and innovation acceptance. Conclusions – The present study provides chatbots’ marketing strategies for fashion items need to be modified by demographic characteristics and fashion leadership. Particularly, fashion leadership was found to be an important factor in determining the perception of innovation attribute as well as innovation acceptance.

기술의 고도화와 짧은 제품 수명(Product Life Cycle)으로 인해 혁신적인 신제품 개발은 기업 내부의 자원만으로는 한계에 부딪히는 현실을 직면하고 있다. 이에 외부의 지식을 기업 내부로 유입하거나 내부의 자원을 외부로 유출, 공유하는 오픈 이노베이션 전략은 전 세계적으로 모든 분야에 걸쳐 확산되고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구는 폐쇄형 구조를 가진 리빙 세라믹 분야의 외부 디자이너와의 콜라보레이션 사례를 오픈 이노베이션 관점에서 분석하고 이를 통해 기업 혁신에 미치는 영향 및 상관관계를 파악하여 세라믹 제조기업의 혁신 방향성을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 방법으로는 오픈 이노베이션의 이론적 고찰을 통해 개념과 유형을 정립하고 질적 연구 방법을 채택하여 외부 지식의 유입 형태 중 하나인 외부 디자이너 콜라보레이션 방식으로 출시된 리빙 세라믹 제품 사례를 분석하였다. 첫째, 외부 디자이너와의 콜라보레이션을 통해 R&D 강화로 기존 제품의 형태, 색상, 패턴의 탈피를 가져올 수 있으며 새로운 소비층 확보가 가능하다. 둘째, 새로운 아이디어와 제품 컨셉을 통해 신규 사업을 창출할 수 있으며 이는 곧 이윤 창출로 이어진다. 셋째, 외부 디자이너와의 콜라보레이션은 기업의 네임 벨류를 상승시키고 동시에 중요한 기업 이미지 마케팅 요소로 활용될 수 있다. 넷째, 일부 사례에서는 외부 디자이너 개인의 인지도가 기업 혁신의 기여도와는 크게 비례하지 않음을 알 수 있다. 향후 다수의 기업이 채택하고 있는 인바운드 (In-Bound) 형 프로세스 이외에도 아웃 바운드 (Out-Bound) 와 커플 바운드 (Coupled-Bound) 형 오픈 이노베이션의 적극적인 활용을 통해 리빙 세라믹 제조 기업의 상생과 지속 가능성을 기대해 본다.

본 연구에서는 해외의 3D프린팅 기술을 활용한 혁신성 소구방법의 광고캠페인 사례를 고찰함으로써 고도화된 사회에서 혁신적 마케팅 커뮤니케이션에 대한 필요성 인식과 향후 3D프린팅과 같은 혁신기술과 광고마케팅 분야의 통섭적 사고에 대한 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 해외의 글로벌 기업 브랜드는 혁신기술을 받아들이고, 이를 통해 광고마케팅 분야와 결부 시켜 광고캠페인을 진행하며 소비자와 새로운 방식의 커뮤니케이션을 시도하고 있으나 우리나라에서는 관련 연구가 이루 어지거나 실질적으로 광고캠페인이 진행된 사례는 극히 드문 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 바탕으로 혁신성 의 속성을 ‘자기표현(assertiveness)’, ‘감성(sensibility)’, ‘타인과의 공유(sharing with others)’와 로저스(Rogers,2003)의 ‘시용가능성(trialability)’, ‘가시성(observability)’의 5가지로 정의하고, 수용자 경험 속성으로 ‘이용성(usability)’, ‘접근성 (accessibility)’, ‘복합성(complexity)’, ‘창조성(creativity)’을 도출하여 선행연구 및 로저스의 혁신성 이론을 토대로 설계한 분석모델을 통하여 해외 혁신성 소구방법의 광고캠페인 사례를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 일반적인 소구방법보다는 광고캠페인을 통한 자기표현의 경험 가치와 정서적 가치, 관계 형성과 시용가능성이 갖춰진 환경에서 새로움과 즐거움, 재미의 소구가 가능한 혁신성 소구방법이 진화한 소비자를 충족시킬 만한 요인으로 작용할 수 있으며, 혁신성의 속성이 높을 때 전반적으로 사용자 경험 속성도 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 혁신성 소구방법의 광고캠페인은 대체적으로 혁신기술을 활용한 제작 과정 전반에 수용자의 체험이 가능하기 때문인 것으로 분석되었으며, 혁신성의 다섯 가지 속성과 수용자 경험의 네 가지 요소를 포괄적으로 활용하여 수용자들의 총체적 경험이 가능한 광고캠페인 프로세스를 구축한다면 혁신성 소구방법의 광고캠페인을 통한 수용자와의 커뮤니케이션을 보다 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 혁신성 소구방법의 광고캠페인 사례의 혁신성 속성 등 수용자의 경험에 영향을 미치는 무형의 요인을 연구함으로써 혁신적 마케팅 커뮤니케이션의 필요성에 대한 인식을 제고하고, 광고캠페인의 혁신성 소구방법과 수용자 경험의 관계를 이해하여 이와 관련된 연구의 기초가 되는 탐험적 연구로써 향후 새로운 광고 전략 수립의 단서를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The paper aims to evaluate the combination of strategies that influence the success of New Technology Based Firms (NTBFs) located in isolated areas with resource constraints. We utilize the Kauffman Firm Survey to construct a subset of 224 firms operating in primary metal manufacturing industries and who are located in non-thriving areas. We focus on the impact of technological strategy, in the form of Inward Technology Licensing (ITL), combined with financial strategy, in the form of increased financial slack. Using a negative binomial-specification technique to model these relations, we find that ITL positively impacts internal innovation in the firm and this relation is strengthened by the presence of greater financial slack. This positive impact of financial slack supports the behavioral theory of the firm rather than agency theory in that financial slack enables further innovation rather than stifling it. This research confirms the importance of resource acquisition, suggesting that entrepreneurs may utilize external sources of knowledge in an effort to build a favorable situation when facing the challenges of location. Finally, by presenting evidence showing the compatibility of a financial strategy with a knowledge strategy (ITL), this study emphasizes the importance to entrepreneurs of choosing the proper combination of varying strategies.

The paper aims to investigate relationships between technology and innovation management, total factor productivity and economic growth in China. By comparing the trends in total factor productivity growth of industrialized economies (i.e. OECD), this study intends to showcase the importance of total factor productivity progress in the Chinese economy. The study employs time series data of an annual basis for the period from 1977 to 2016 retrieved from the World Development Indicator. The study employs unit root test, cointegration test, fully modified least squares estimation method, canonical cointegrating regression and dynamic least squares estimation method to test the hypotheses. The results of the cointegrating regression analysis show that manufacturing growth leads to an increase of total factor productivity in the short-run in China. The findings of the study suggest that manufacturing (i.e. technology and product innovation) is positively related to the increase of total factor productivity in the short-run and total output growth in the long-run. The findings suggest that promoting technology and innovation management and supporting R&D subsidies may reduce the marginal cost of conducting R&D and increase the rate of technology and innovation management and R&D activity and therefore, the total factor productivity growth rate.

Researchers have confirmed the relationship between ambidexterity learning and innovation performance, but according to the resourcebased theory, the relationship between ambidexterity learning and innovation performance is also affected by the internal resources of the organization. Internal resources are an important factor affecting the transformation of learning outcomes into performance. In addition, few scholars have pointed out whether different types of learning have different effects on different types of innovation performance. This study collects data from 170 High-tech enterprises in Shandong, china, and discusses the effects of exploitative learning and explorative learning on management innovation performance and technological innovation performance .This study further examines the moderating role of slack resource on the relationship between ambidexterity learning and innovation performance. Results show that ambidexterity learning has positive effect on innovation performance. Compared with exploitative learning, explorative learning has a greater impact on management innovation performance; compared with explorative learning, exploitative learning has a greater impact on technological innovation performances. Slack resource has positive moderating role between the relationship of exploitative learning, explorative learning and technology innovation performance. But Slack resource has no moderating role between the relationship of exploitative learning, explorative learning and management innovation performance.

Purpose – It suggests that making a policy and strategies for a way of Dubai has a strong priority strategy on science and technology by using much oil dollars to prepare risk when oil dollar’s decrease. This has been now investigated how the leading innovator has changed the periphery countries. Research design, data, and methodology – Analyze policy, status, what other neighbouring Middle East countries also want to benchmark a successful case of a leading Dubai strategy. Higher manpower is needed absolutely to develop S&T. and etc. Dubai and Arab countries establish university to nurture as well as invite the talented manpower from overseas to recover deficient manpower. Dubai built totally academy city and invited branch of the overseas famous university, and Saudi Arabia built university(KAUST) and invite faculty and support good scholarship for students. Abrab countries especially, This is studied the process of differentiating and integrating the migrant workers of these cities into the globalized cities. This has resulted in large-scale employment for foreign and local companies in these cities and the spread of science and innovation. Results – Dubai supports venture or SMEs by using a strong priority strategy and attracts foreigner’s investor, with which the neighbouring countries have been preparing together for 4th wave. It demonstrates that the gravitational model has been activated from neighboring countries of innovation science to create Dubai‘s hub. The maturity of long-term urban innovation is related to innovation capability through the national response and review. As a result, the flow of skilled international migration has been localized because of the mutual intersection with the local employment structure, and the development has spread as it spreads to neighboring countries. Conclusion – For the exploiting of new Distribution market in the neighbouring countries, Middle East countries’ a strong priority strategy on S&T and education system give an influence on economic situation of the 4th wave in the world and world order of leading by USA, Japan, or EU, and etc. This is due to the creation of clusters in the form of SEZs, friendly industrial policies and world-class infrastructure and innovation development. Its neighbours benchmark the cases of distribution of science innovation and centralizes the surrounding people.

An alternative method for team diversity studies is to examine demographic faultlines. A concept of demographic faultline enables us to better understand team dynamics with multidimensional diversity. This study suggests the demographic faultline as a new situational factorto influence the relationship between leader teamwork behaviors and a climate of support for innovation. When subgroups divided by demographic faultline are homogeneous within them and heterogeneous between them, the homogeneity may increase intimacy in each subgroup while the heterogeneity may increase exclusiveness between those subgroups. We argued that a leader could play an important role to build a cooperative relationship between faultline-based subgroups and highlight positive aspects of developing and maintaining subgroups in organizations. With a sample of 81 teams (558 employees), it was examined how leader teamwork behaviors would affect a team-level climate of support for innovation and how this relationship would be moderated by each team’s demographic faultline (gender, age, and educational specialty). As predicted, it was found that there was a significant positive relationship between each leader’s teamwork behaviors and each team’s climate of support for innovation. In addition, this relationship was stronger for teams with strong faultline than with weak faultline. Our findings and their implications were further discussed.

The growth of Bandung’s tourism industry has had a massive impact on the hotel sector. Most tourists visiting Bandung are domestic tourists and tend to be modest spenders fitting the profile of a mid-market (2/3 star) hotel guest. As competition has increased mid-market hotels have come under pressure from upmarket (4/5 star) and budget hotels committed to cutting prices. There is also competition with the midmarket hotel sector, which means that the 2/3 star hotels have to keep innovating in order to remain competitive. This study uses the Service Quality framework to describe customer expectations and identify gaps in hotel services. A questionnaire survey of 105 local tourists who had stayed in 2/3 star hotels in Bandung showed that the most important dimension is responsiveness, following by reliability, assurance, tangibles and empathy. Thus we conclude that local tourists’ primary expectations are that hotels will deliver the service they have promised, be responsive to guests’ needs and comply with service standards. Furthermore, these findings validate the earlier prediction that comparing 2/3 star hotel with 5/4 start hotel, the customers are having preliminary knowledge on facilities limitation and friendliness. Tourists using 2/3 star hotels tend to be prepared to accept limited facilities and less friendly staff service.

This conceptual study proposed how and the extent to which relational pluralism, defined as a firm’s multiple ties to actors within and outside its industry, can help firms to commercialize exploitative and exploratory product innovation, respectively. I conceptualize a firm’s network within its industry as insiders-based network and the firm’s network outside industry as outsiders-based network. I propose, first that firms maintaining multiple connections to actors in insiders-based network are more likely to commercialize exploitative product innovation; second, that firms maintaining multiple connections with actors in outsiders-based network are more likely to commercialize exploratory product innovation; and third, that firms’ absorptive capacity, as the moderator, strengthens the positive relationship between multiple ties in each network and commercialization of product innovation.

본 연구는 Rogers의 혁신확산이론에 근거하여, 혁신의 특성인 상대적 이익, 적합성, 시험가능성, 관찰가능성, 복잡성 등이 스마트기기 활용 수업의 수용의도에 미치는 영향과, 이와 관련하여 개인 혁신성은 어떤 조절효과를 보이는지 살펴보았다. 편의표집에 의해 서울․경기권 및 강원도 지역의 5개 대학을 선정하고 2017년도 2학기에 이 대학들의 교수학습지원(개발)센터에서 주관한 스마트 기기 활용 교수법 특강에 참여한 교수. 강사를 대상으로 설문지를 배부하였다. Rogers의 5개 특성 과 수용의도, 개인 혁신성 측정을 위한 척도를 구성하고 확인적 요인분석과 Cronbach’s Alpha 계 수로 측정도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 배경변인을 통제하고 5개 변인이 혁신의 수용의 도에 미치는 영향관계를 보기위해 위계적 회귀분석을 하였으며 조절효과를 검증하기 위해 개인 혁신성을 조절변인으로 하는 위계적 조절 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 상대적 이익과 적합 성, 복잡성은 수용의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 관찰가능성과 시험가능성은 통 계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 1단계 가설에서 기각된 관찰가능성과 시험 가능성을 제외하고 개인 혁신성의 조절효과를 분석한 결과 상대적 이익과 복잡성에서만 개인 혁 신성이 조절효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

Purpose – Market orientation is a key factor for business performance in today’s fluctuating conditions. This study investigates whether the employment of innovation can improve the innovative capability and increase the performance by gaining competitive advantages or not. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of market orientation on the performance of small and medium size distributer enterprises (SMDEs) in Iran. Research design, data, and methodology – Customer orientation, Competitor orientation, and Inter-functional coordination have been regarded as market orientation indices to determine the effects of these indices on marketing innovation, gaining competitive advantages, and companies’ performance as well. Data were collected from managers and experts in SMDEs in Iran. The structural equations modeling are used for analysis. Results – The results indicated that marketing innovation has been improved in competitive companies that enjoyed a high level of Inter-functional coordination among the various units. Besides, marketing innovation resulted in gaining competitive advantages regarding cost management, concentration, and differentiation in these companies. In addition, it was observed that SMDEs that obtain competitive advantages are equipped to reap superior performance. Conclusions – With cost management, differentiation and concentration are more likely to enhance the enterprise efficiency and effectiveness than other companies. Additionally, competitiveness, inter-functional coordination, and marketing innovation in SMDEs have a positive impact on marketing innovation.

Prior literature expects a lower marginal cash value for weaker governance firms. We test this empirical hypothesis by using the sample of publicly traded Korean firms from 2005 to 2013. To measure the quality of governance structures, we employ the corporate governance scores provided by Korean Corporate Governance Services. The empirical model of Faulkender and Wang (2006) is adopted to estimate the marginal value of cash. Our empirical analysis shows a higher marginal value of cash for the good governance firms in the examination of the total governance score. This finding is consistent to the agency view of cash policy predicting a larger marginal value of cash for the firms with higher governance scores. However, this positive relationship is not robust for a subset of detailed governance scores; a lower marginal cash value is observed for the firms with better qualities of board structure, auditing, dividend policies. Moreover, our empirical analysis verifies a quite low level of marginal cash value for Korean firms, which supports the existence of severe agency conflicts in Korean corporations. Our results verify the significant role of agency conflicts between a manager and shareholders in the determination of marginal cash values in the Korean firms.

발터 폰 데어 포겔바이데는 중세 독일의 가장 뛰어난 시인으로서, 동시대인들로부터 최 고의 시인이자 음악가로 인정받았던 민네징거이다. 음유시인으로서 발터는 민네의 형식과 내용을 완성시키는 데 큰 기여를 했다. 전통적인 민네인 고급민네에서 시인은 지체가 높은 귀부인을 향한 보답 받지 못하는 일방적인 사랑을 노래한다. 발터는 고급민네가 지나치게 형식적이며 인위적일뿐만 아니라 비현실적인 사랑 을 노래하는 것에 대하여 불만을 가졌다. 그가 새로이 창안한 새로운 개념의 민네, 즉 저급민 네는 귀부인이 아닌 평범한 여성과의 쌍방향적인 사랑을 노래하며, 철저히 관념적인 사랑을 추구하는 전통적 민네와 달리 감각적 사랑도 묘사했다. 발터는 또한 종교시, 교훈시, 정치시 등의 격언시도 썼는데, 이로써 그는 종래의 단창구 라는 단순한 시형의 문학적 레벨을 한층 높였다. 사회에 비판적이었던 그는 격언시를 통해 자신의 도덕적 원칙과 종교적 신념을 적극적으로 표현했으며, 이런 면에서 발터는 중세 독일 의 가장 위대한 서정시인이자 독일 문학사에 진정한 혁신자라고 할 수 있다.

Essences, needs and features of formation of national innovative development model of Kazakhstan are proved on the basis of analysis of various research approaches to realization of the modernization that exist in the world economic theory. For studying the problems of innovative development of the country, there was a need for the formulation of a number of definitions, disclosure of their contents, changing the approaches to reform, as well as adjusting their targets. In the article the general scientific research methods used dialectic, abstraction, systemic and situational approach, empirical and theoretical and analytical methods, and logic modeling. The proposed approach to the implementation of innovative development based on the use of evolutionary and institutional approaches to the study of the problems of implementing an effective innovation policy. This approach is intended to contribute to the development of a forward strategy of modernization, innovative development and higher competitiveness of the national economy. The study proved the causes and features of the implementation of innovative development model in Kazakhstan.

학교혁신은 학교가 주도적으로 변화와 진보를 도모하는 ‘아래서 위로의’활동으로 국가의 법, 명령, 제도보다는 학교의 문화에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 학교 문화를 학교혁신 의 중요 매개 변인으로 보고, 초·중등학교 의 혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 혁신 지향적 학 교 문화를 창조하는 모델을 탐색하였다. 혁신 지향적 학교 문화는 학교비전 창조와 공유, 전문 적 경영, 민주적 참여공동체, 학습공동체라는 네 가지 개념 요소가 존재하고, 인간적·지적 시 설, 유기적 조직, 임파워먼트라는 세 가지 지원 체제 하에서, 인격적 상호작용, 동반자적 상하 관계, 열린 전문성이라는 세 가지 상호작용의 원리가 통합적으로 활성화될 때 창조될 수 있다 고 보았다. 혁신지향적 학교 문화는 단시일 내에 형성되는 것이 아니기 때문에 학교 관리자들 을 비롯하여 교사들의 인식 변화와 학교에 대한 지속적인 행·재정적 지원 노력이 필요하다.

CEO 패널 토론은 제7차 세계물포럼에 신설된 과학기술과정의 특별프로그램으로써 전 세계적인 물산업 CEO들의 비젼과 통찰력 있는 담론을 통해 미래 비젼을 제시하고 물분야 혁신 방향 설정에 반영하고자 기획되었다. 패널 토론을 통하여 다양한 이해관계자, 물 전문가, 정부대표, 선도과학자, 엔지니어 들이 물 분야 과학기술과 혁신의 역할에 대한 논의를 전개할 것이다. 본 프로그램을 통하여 정책 결정자, 개발 파트너와 민간부분 간의 협력을 강화시키고, 세계물포럼 과학기술과정에서 논의된 성과의 확산을 촉진 시킬 것이다. 패널 토론의 결과는 과학기술과정 결론 세션 및 장관급회의 선언문 등에 반영될 것이다. 토론 주제는 물분야 당면한 도전과제로써 (1)혁신의 촉진(Fostering innovation), (2)지속가능 개발목표(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs), (3) 도시 물관리 탄력성 제고(Building Water Resilience for Cities) 3개 주제가 선정되었다. 패널토론은 물산업 분야의 혁신을 선도하는 포춘지 선정 500대 기업을 포함한 세계 저명 지도자들과 함께 진행될 것이다. ‘혁신의 촉진’세션에서는 물 분야 혁신을 둘러싼 도전과제와 정책 대안들을 살펴보고 문제를 해결하기 위해 기술 개발 및 물산업 기업과, 벤처사업가, 기술 개발자들의 논의가 진행될 것이다. 물 분야 혁신을 이룬 성공적인 신규 투자의 사례가 무엇인지, 성공적인 아이디어의 혁신을 촉진시키기 위한 금융 및 보험 분야의 역할 등에 대한 논의가 전개될 것이다. ‘지속가능 개발목표’세션에서는 기업차원에서 물 관련 SDGs의 실현에 효과적으로 기여할 수 있는 방법에 대한 논의가 이루어질 것이다. 패널 토론을 통하여 물관련 기업의 책임과 SDGs와의 관계와 실현 가능한 목표선정에 대한 논의가 전개될 예정이다. ‘도시 물관리 탄력성 제고’세션에서는 이미 인류의 절반 이상을 차지하고 있는 도시지역의 물관리 문제를 논의할 것이다. 도시 거주자 비율은 곧 인류의 4분의 3까지 증가 할 것으로 예상된다. 도시 물관리는 높은 자원효율성을 필요로 하고 있으며, 다양한 기업에게 도시 물 순환 관리에 필요한 혁신적인 제품과 서비스를 실현할 수 있는 기회를 제공하고 있다. 이 세션에서는 세계적인 상하수도 기업 및 기술개발 선두업체가 참여하여 과학기술 및 혁신의 역할에 대한 논의를 전개할 것이다.

In this paper, firstly, from the input-output perspective of technological innovation, technological innovation process is divided into technological development process and technological achievements transformation process. On this basis, technological innovation efficiency can be decomposed into technological development efficiency and technological transformation efficiency. Secondly, on the basis of the two-stage technological innovation, by analyzing each stage in the process of technological innovation input and output elements, we design the input-output index system in each stage respectively, and ultimately get the high-tech industrial technology innovation efficiency evaluation index system. Thirdly, we build a chain network DEA model to evaluate the two-stage process of technological innovation of high-tech industry, include the overall efficiency of technological innovation and the efficiency of the two sub-stages. Finally, use chain network DEA model to calculate the technology innovation efficiency, technological development efficiency and technological transformation efficiency of high-tech industry of China's 25 regions in 2000-2010. According to the calculation results of h the empirical analysis of the efficiency of technological innovation of China's high-tech industry, and provide a reference for the provision of policy advice.

Purpose - The objectives of this study are to find the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to the national innovation system of Iran (using a SWOT analysis) and to extract some strategic recommendations to modify the innovation policies of Iran. Research design, data, and methodology - This study used a literature review and field study. In the first phase, the author studied library resources and articles, and browsed through Internet information about the subject. The second phase was a field research investigation through designed questionnaires and interviews with more than 100 policymakers, officials, executives, and others related to the national innovation system in 2011. Results - In this research study, strategic recommendations were extracted through a SWOT model for improvements to the innovation policies of Iran. Conclusions - The findings of this study show the role of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the national innovation system of Iran and suggest strategic recommendations for its modification.