우리나라 남부 도서지역인 진도 지방에서 울금 다수확의 기 초 자료를 얻고자 차광 재배를 실시 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 진도 지역에서 울금을 4월 20일 정식할 경우 4주 지난 후에 출현되고, 출현율은 8388%이었다. 초장은 129cm147cm이였고, 차광의 정도가 높을수록 초장이 커지는 경향이었다. 엽장은 47.5cm49.4cm로 차광 3060%에서 약간 양호하였다. 또한 엽폭은 16.917.9cm로 차광이 높을수록 짧아지는 경향이었으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 울금의 1주 근경중은 941993g으로 비대가 잘되었고, 10a당 3,9804,200kg을 생산 할 수 있었으며, 15%와 30%차광이 수량이 약간 증수되었으나 45%이상의 차광에서는 오히려 감소되는 경향으로 차광의 효과는 인정되지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 보아 울금을 재배할 경우 15%차광에서 생육이 가장 양호한 것으로 나타나고, 근경 수량이 약간 증수되나 경제성을 고려하여 재배하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.
Bovine embryos produced by in vitro maturation, feretilization and development was examined for presevation and transfer. The fertilization medium used BO medium with 5 mM/ caffeine and 10/ heparin and adjusted to a pH of 7.2 to 7.4. The final concentration of spermatozoa was adjusted to 1 cells/ motile sperm during fertilization in vitro. At 8~10 hrs after insemination, the oocytes were transferred into CR1aa medium and cultured for 7 days. Embryos were preserved by vitrification method for transfer. When the embryos of early, blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stages were frozen-thawed, the proportions of embryos with normal morphology 83.6, 88.1 and 85.2%. (중략)
The high incidence of polyspermic fertilization is one of the major causes lowering the overall efficiency of porcine IVF. The common procedure for IVF involves the co-culture of both gametes in the medium drop, which increases sperm concentration and incidence of polyspermy. Therefore, the present study was carried out to increase the efficiency of porcine IVF by reducing polyspermy using a modified swim-up method. This method modifies conventional swim-up washing by placing oocytes directly at the time of washing. Sperm pellet was prepared in the tube and mature oocytes were placed on cell strainer with pore size (Falcon 2350) at the top of the tube. After insemination, the oocytes were stained for examination. Also, the developmental potential of fertilized embryos was measured to evaluate for the feasibility of this method. While having similar penetration rates in both methods (), there was a significant reduction of polyspermy in modified swim-up method () compare to the control ( (p<0.05). Subsequent culture showed higher rate of blastocyst formation in modified swim-up method (20.440.99%) than the control () (P<0.05), even though there was no significant difference. These results suggest that, by controlling the number of spermatozoa reaching the oocytes, porcine oocytes might be protected from polyspermy in vitro. Also, the developmental potential of the fertilized embryos using this method could be improved by increasing the pool of spermatozoa with better quality. Further optimization of the procedure required to implicate this method in routine porcine IVF.
Recently, human embryonic stem (hES) cells have become very important resources for ES cell basic research, cell replacement therapy, and other medical applications; thus, efficient cryopreservation methods for these cells are needed. This study examined whether a newly developed minimum volume cooling (MVC) vitrification method, which was tested through cryopreservation of sensitive bovine oocytes, can be used for freezing hES cells. Feeder-free cultured hES cell (MB03) colonies were mechanically dissected into several small clumps following enzymatic treatment. We compared the freezing efficiency of a slow-cooling method using a cryo-module (0.4-0.6C/min, 20-30 clumps/vial) and MVC vitrification using a modified 0.5-ml French mini-straw designated as a MVC straw (>/min, 10 clumps/straw) After thawing, in vitro survival of hES cell clumps was higher for MVC-vitrified cells (80.8%, 97/120) than for slow-cooled cells (38.2%, 39/102). Further, the proliferation rate of surviving MVC-vitrified cells was similar to that of control hES cells from 2 weeks after thawing. In addition, vitrified-thawed hES cells demonstrated a normal karyotype, were positively immunostained for surface marker antibodies (AP, SSEA-4 and TRA-1-60) and the Oct-4 antibody, and could differentiate into all three embryonic germ layer cells in vitro. This result demonstrates that hES cell clumps can be successfully cryopreserved by a newly developed MVC vitrification method without loss of human cell characteristics.
The ultimate purpose of game design is to lay out a design which provides more convenient, more exciting, and more satisfying game to the users. It is needed to adopt the demands and the evaluations of the users, so that to develop user-centered games, yet easier and simpler, to increase their popularity and to improve their productivity. On this basis, the study presents the methods of improving game designs by repeating application of the assessment of the game, through the development of prototype in the Int stage of game project.
본 연구는 홍수위 계산에 있어서 도입되는 불확식성의 원인을 분석하고 정량화하여 확률론적 홍수위 계산을 실시함으로서 제방원류에 대한 제내지의 범람특성을 해석할 수 있는 모형을 개발하였다. 이를 위해서 홍수위에 영향을 미치는 각종 영향인자를 통계학적으로 분석하였고, 이들 인자를 부등류와 부정류 해석과정에 Monte Carlo 모의를 도입함으로써 홍수위에 미치는 영향을 정량화하였다. 개발된 모형의 검증을 위해 낙동강 유역의 현풍∼적포교구간에 적용하였다. 제내
본 연구에서는 유한요소법을 이용하여 일정 수심상에서 사각형 형상의 불투과성 수중방파제에 의한 파랑의 Bragg 반사를 수치적으로 고찰하였다. 유한요소법에 의해 계산된 반사율은 수리모형실험을 통해 얻어진 결과와 비교하였을 때 비교적 잘 일치하였으며, 고유함수전개법에 의한 결과와도 좋은 일치를 나타내었다. 그밖에 본 연구에서 개발된 모형은 불투과성 수중방파제의 폭과 길이의 변화에 따른 반사율 계산에 적용되었다.