The blackish cicada, Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius, 1775 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) was originally distributed mainly in the southernmost remote island, Jeju and rarely throughout low lands in South Korea, but has been explosively increased at the urban areas, where annual temperature is higher. In this study, we sequenced a partial mitochondrial COI from a total of 171 individuals collected throughout 12 localities in South Korea. The haplotype found with the highest frequency in Jeju island shares only with two inland localities in southern region with a low frequency, whereas the haplotype found with the highest frequency throughout inland localities was not found in Jeju island. These results showed that Jeju population, southern region, and other inland populations form somewhat different genetic groups.

The steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm powder (SMSP) is developed by the Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2012. In here, the nutritional components of SMSP produced by rearing white-silk cocoon silkworm, Baekokjam, at high temperatures were compared and analyzed with those produced under optimal temperature conditions of 25°C. The weight of silkworms reared in a high-temperature environment increased compared to that under an optimal condition. However, when the silkworms matured, the difference in weight according to temperature conditions narrowed. As for the growth rate, the 5th instar silkworms grew a day earlier in a high-temperature environment than in an optimal. SMSPs produced in a high-temperature environment showed a difference when comparing the nutritional components with the SMSPs in an optimal condition. Overall, high-temperature-reared SMSPs contained about twice as high carbohydrates and slightly lower protein and fat than the optimal-reared SMSPs. These results show that SMSPs produced in a high-temperature environment have a difference in growth rate and nutritional composition from those produced under an optimal condition.

본 연구는 서식 환경에 따라 구분된 3화기 미국흰불나방(Hyphantria cunea Drury)을 숙주로 하는 기생파리의 종과 기생률의 차이를 확인했다. 조사 기간은 2023년 10월 24일부터 29일까지로, 방제를 실시한 서천군 국립생태 원과 방제를 실시하지 않은 군산시 근린공원에서 숙주인 미국흰불나방의 유충을 채집하였다. 유충은 기주식물 인 수국을 급여하여 실내 개별 사육하였다. 각 조사지에서 미국흰불나방의 기주식물은 국립생태원에서 8종, 근린공원에서 6종이 확인되었다. 총 숙주 380마리 중 기생파리는 106개체로 총 27.9%의 기생률을 보였고(유충 92개체, 미동정 알 14개체), 기생률은 근린공원이(39.6%) 국립생태원(12.5%)보다 더 높았다. 성충의 우화율은 63.0%로, 동정 결과 4속 92개체가 나타났다. 전체 종과 가장 많은 개체가 확인된 Exorista japonica (Townsend, 1909)의 조사지에 따른 유충 생존율과 성충 우화율은 모두 근린공원이 더 높은 것으로 확인 되었다. 조사결과 E. japonica가 미국흰불나방의 생물적 방제제로 유효할 것이라 판단되며, 근린공원에서의 더 높은 기생파리 유충 생존율과 성충 우화율을 통해 인간에 의한 교란이 적은 환경에서 기생파리를 이용한 미국흰불나방 방제가 더 효과적일 것이라고 고려된다. 또한 숙주의 생존율과 기생파리의 우화율을 비교한 결과 해충 방제가 이뤄지지 않는 환경에서 천적 개체군이 유지될 가능성이 더 높다고 사료 된다.

We investigated the effects of fluctuating temperature on development and fertility of M. persicae at different temperature conditions, 10, 15, 20, 25, 28, and 30±5℃, respectively. In this study, we collected detailed data on development periods, and fertility of M. persicae at six different temperatures. We analyzed the life table parameters of M. persicae using age-stage, two-sex life table program. The intrinsic and finite rate of increase were the highest at 25±5℃. The fertiltiy was the highest at 20±5℃.

Spiders play an important role in regulating insect pests in the agricultural ecosystem. The community structure and biodiversity of rice field spiders were surveyed in 5 areas (Anseong, Nonsan, Imsil, Namwon, and Gurye) from 20 May to 30 September, 2021. A total of 5,525 spiders collected were identified as 64 species of 17 families. Species richness and abundance were high in Lycosidae, Tetragnathidae and Linyphiidae. The similarity of rice field spider communities among regions was about 72% and was divided into three groups: the middle inland area, the southern mountainous area, and the southern inland area. Species diversity averaged as 2.55±0.06. On the seasonaliy of The boidiversity tended to increase toward the latter half of cultivation.

최근들어 평균 온도가 평년보다 높게 경과함에 따라 노지 작물에 발생이 많은 파밤나방, 담배거세미나방, 담배 나방의 발생소장을 2023년 전북 익산의 노지 고추포장에서 성페로몬트랩을 이용하여 조사하였다. 파밤나방은 4월 중순부터 채집되기 시작하였으나 채집량은 적었고 6월 중순, 7월 중순, 9월 상순, 9월 하순에 발생최성기를 보였다. 담배거세미나방은 5월 중순부터 채집되기 시작하여 6월 상순, 7월 상순, 8월 상순, 9월 상순, 11월 상순에 발생최성기를 보였으며 8월 하순이후 발생량이 많은 경향이었다. 담배나방은 5월 상순부터 발생하기 시작하여 6월 중순, 8월 상순, 9월 상순에 발생최성기를 보였으며 10월부터는 채집량이 적은 경향이었다.

상추는 수요가 연중 지속됨에 따라 재배면적과 생산량이 증가하고 있는데, 주로 생식으로 이용되며 수확간격 이 짧아 해충 다발생시 약제방제가 어려운 작물이다. 최근 검은무늬밤나방이 약제방제가 소홀한 포장에서 잎을 광포식하여 빠른 시간내에 직접적인 피해를 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 검은무늬밤나방의 온도별 발육특성을 구명하여 방제를 위한 기초자료로 이용하고자 한다. 검은무늬밤나방은 시설재배 상추에 발생한 유충을 채집하 여 실내 사육 후 항온조건(15, 20, 25, 30℃)에서 발육단계별 발육기간을 조사하였다. 온도가 높아짐에 따라 각 태별 발육기간은 짧아지는 경향이었으며, 유충은 보통 4회 탈피하였다. 25℃에서 알기간은 2.5일, 유충기간 10.0 일, 전용기간 1.0일, 번데기기간 7.0일로 알에서 성충까지의 발육기간은 20.5일 이었다.

질경이택사(Alisma plantago-aquatica L. subsp. orientale (Sam.) Juz.)는 습지에서 자라는 여러해살이 풀로 질경 이택사는 덩이줄기를 약용으로 사용하며, 이뇨작용, 고혈압, 고지혈증 등에 효과가 있다. 국내에서는 전남 순천 에서 주로 재배되고 있으며, 8월 중ㆍ하순에 벼를 수확하고 같은 논에 후작으로 육묘한 택사를 이모작으로 심어 소득을 올리고 있다. 2022년 8월 전남 순천에서 재배중인 질경이택사에 진딧물이 발생하였으며 수생식물에 주로 발생하는 연테두리진딧물로 확인되었다. 연테두리진딧물(Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae)은 노린재목 진딧물과에 속하는 곤충으로 몸체는 황색, 황갈색 또는 적갈색을 띄고, 알로 월동하고, 질경이택사, 연꽃, 수련 등의 수생식물 로 이주하여 흡즙가해한다. 연테두리진딧물을 5개 온도(15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0℃), 65±5%, 16L:8D의 조건에서 발육기간을 조사하였다. 약충의 발육기간은 각각 10.8, 8.2, 5.5, 4.7일이었고, 35℃에서는 발육하지 못하였다. 성충의 생존기간은 각각 29.2, 28.2, 17.2, 8.6일이었고, 35℃에서는 발육하지 못하였다.

고자리꽃파리는 양파 및 마늘 등 백합과 Allium 속에 속하는 농작물에 중요한 해충으로 전 세계적으로 온대지역에 서 경제적 해충으로 취급하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 자료를 바탕으로 월동번데기의 성충으로 우화모델를 작성하 고 포장 실측자료와 비교하여 평가하였다. 월동번데기 발육모형으로 선형과 비선형모형을 작성하고 발육기간 분포 모형과 결합하여 예찰모형을 작성하였다. 비선형발육모형 작성시 3-매개변수 락틴모형 적용뿐만 아니라 4-매개변 수 모형의 마지막 변수 값을 선형모형의 절편값으로 대체하여 저온에서 선형성이 강화도록 변형시켰다. 성충우화 50% 예측에서 일일평균온도를 이용하는 경우 적산온도 모형을 비롯하여 발육률 적산모형(선형식 및 비선형식) 모두 실측치와 큰 차이가 있었다. 시간별온도를 입력값으로 한 경우 3-매개변수 모형을 제외한 사인곡선 적산온도 모형, 선형 발육률 적산모형, 4-매개변수 비선형 발육률 적산모형의 평균편차는 3일과 차이가 없었다. 최종적으로 선형모형 및 4-매개변수 비선형모형을 바탕으로 시간별온도자료를 이용한 발육률 적산모형은 선발하였다. 그 결과 선형 발육률 적산모형이 두 포장적합 집단(1984, 1987)에서 실측일과 편차가 3일과 차이가 없었다. 비선형 발육률 적산모형은 1984년 적합은 0.8일 편차로 정확하였으나 1987년 집단에서 평균편차가 6.5일로 다소 증가하였다.

연구에서는 '누리금잠'이라 명명된 새로운 누에 신품종을 개발하였으며, 이는 황색 고치와 세리신 고치를 생산 하는 두 개의 기존 계통, 잠311과 D751의 교배를 통해 육성되었습니다. 이 신품종은 첫 교배 실험을 거친 2019년 봄부터 2021년 봄까지 총 4차례의 생산력 평가를 진행했으며, 이어진 2022년 봄부터 2023년 가을까지 4차례에 걸친 지역 적응성 평가를 통해 2023년 가을에 새로운 품종으로 공식 인정받았습니다. '누리금잠'은 봄과 가을 시즌에 각각 평균 부화율 86.9%, 89.6%를 기록하였고, 유충의 평균 성장 기간은 봄에는 21일과 12시간, 가을에는 19일과 22시간으로 나타났습니다. 세리신 고치의 평균 생산성은 봄에 79.17%, 가을에 74.9%였으며, 수확된 세리 신의 평균 중량은 누에고치 250개를 기준으로 봄에 6g, 가을에는 7.7g으로 측정되었습니다. 이와 같은 결과는 '누리금잠'이 높은 부화율과 우수한 세리신 생산성을 갖추고 있음을 시사합니다. 이는 세리 신 기반 제품의 생산 효율성을 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라, 양잠산업의 경제적 가치를 상승시키는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각됩니다.

The Japanese pine sawyer (JPS), Monochamus alternatus Hope, is an important vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer), which causes pine wilt disease. JPS selects a characteristic life cycle of a four- or five-instar pathway, which indicates the number of instars before pupation. In this study, we investigated the potential presence of a three-instar pathway and sought to determine the minimum larval age required for JPS to construct a pupal chamber. The results showed that no third instars made pupal chambers, suggesting that there is no three-instar pathway. The initiation time of digging the tunnel to make the pupal chamber ranged widely from Julian date 274 (30 September) to 332 (27 November). This timing became an average age stage of 4.8 instar, which equals an 80% completion of the fourth instar. Thus, the minimum larval age at which JPS constructs the tunnel to pupate the next year is estimated to be late in the fourth larval instar. Further, we discuss the diapause ecology in relation to the larval development of JPS in different thermal environments. Tentatively, we suggest that the regulation of diapause induction in JPS involves a dual process of reaching a critical developmental stage and stimulus (tentatively a cold temperature). This hypothesis will be helpful for future studies of diapause mechanisms and the selection of the instar-pathway in JPS and related species.

The large copper butterfly Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1803; Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) has been categorized as a near-threatened species (NT) in South Korea from 2012 mainly due to limited distribution. In this study, we visited 36 sites spread across all South Korean provinces to verify the distributional range of the species and sequenced mitochondrial COI for 53 individuals from nine sites. We observed L. dispar at 15 sites in six provinces, including the two previously known provinces, indicating a southward range expansion. The in-field monitoring and genetic data collectively suggested that L. dispar does not have a limited distribution nor is it isolated, indicating that it should be reclassified as less vulnerable. Our study demonstrates that the combination of field and genetic data can provide a more reliable assessment of the stability of a species.

The effective management of insect pests requires decisions based on monitoring information. In this study, we aimed to monitor insect species diversity and monthly occurrence patterns on the golf course using light traps. Sampling was conducted at Anyang Country Club, Korea, from May to October 2023. A total of 5,149 individuals were collected, with Lepidoptera and Coleoptera being the most abundant orders. Among them, there were six species (Agrotis ipsilon, Blitopertha orientalis, Heptophylla picea, Maladera orientalis, Parapediasia teterrella, and Spodoptera depravata) of insect pests that caused serious damage to the turfgrass. The results of this study could be used as data to establish efficient management strategies for turfgrass insect pests.

The clearwing moth, Synanthedon bicingulata (Staudinger, 1887), is a pest that infests various species of cherry trees. However, genetic information regarding the genus Synanthedon including S. bicingulata, is limited. In this study, we sequenced a complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the species. The 16,255 bp of S. bicingulata mitogenome differs from the typical gene arrangement formed in Lepidoptera: trnQ-trnS2-trnM-trnI arrangement between the A+T-rich region and the ND2 junction. Moreover, the genome has untranslated repetitive sequences in the intergenic space between lrRNA and trnV, as well as the CGA start codon in COI and the TTG start codon in ATP8. Similar observations are noted in species belonging to the tribe Synanthedonini within the genus Synanthedon.

Pararhabdepyris Gorbatovsky, 1995, is a small genus in Bethylidae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), currently comprising only six valid species worldwide. A new species is described and illustrated from South Korea. Pararhabdepyris sp. nov., which appears closely related to P. paradoxus, is characterized by the combination of the following characters: the basal two-thirds of the scape are dark castaneous, coxa and femora are dark castaneous, the median and submedian metapectal-propodeal disc is rugulose, and the transverse posterior carina is straight. Images of diagnostic characteristics and an updated key to the seven world species of the genus are presented.

Jeju Island has been facing to threat of high-risk invasive pests from tropical areas. To protect domestic agriculture from those invasive pests, APQA has conducted a regular monitoring program on Jeju Island. We collected especially phototactic heteroceran pests by light bucket trap and identified them using their superficial appearances, and also mitochondria COI gene. As a result, a total of 24 families, 136 genera, 193 species, and 819 individuals were collected from around Jeju Island in 2023. Among them, two unidentified epidopteran pests, Palpita sp. (Crambidae) and Xyrosaris sp. (Yponomeutidae) were collected. In the present study, we report two unidentified micro-lepidopteran pests using superficial characteristics and mitochondria COI gene.

Here we review the genus Nycteola of the Nolidae (Lepidoptera). As the result of this study, we recognized already synonymized species N. costalis Sugi, 1959 of N. coreana (Leech, 1900) and newly recorded species N. dufayi Sugi, 1982. Whlie the number of Korean Nycteola species remain unchanged, the composition has been changed.

Honey bee plays an important role in pollinating plants. Recently, however, declines in honey bee populations have been reported in many countries, and pesticides have been pointed out as one of the factors contributing to honey bee loss. To determine the effects of pesticides on honey bee behavior, we investigated the homing ability of honey bee exposed to four pesticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, fenitrothion, and carbaryl). In addition, the changes in expression levels of genes associated with ‘learning and memory’ (cGMP-dependent protein kinase foraging, Kruppel homolog 1, Adenlyate cyclase 3, Early growth response protein 1, Hormone receptor 38) were examined after pesticide treatment in forager bee. The four pesticides tested in this study generally reduced the homing ability of foragers. In the examination of gene expression, learning and memory-related genes were induced by the exposure to acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and carbaryl, whereas fenitrothion decreased the expression of these genes in honey bee. Although further studies are needed, this suggests that pesticides may have negative effects on honey bee behavior and behavior-related gene expression.

The habitat of Drosophila melanogaster is the environment of fruit decay/fermentation which emits high concentrations of chemicals. Our recent studies revealed that D. melanogaster has been evolutionarily adapted to its habitat through tolerance to chemicals and induction of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) plays an important role for chemical tolerance. To determine the correlation between AMPs and the chemical tolerance pathway, we hypothesized that expression of AMPs is induced by tissue damages or ROS caused by chemical exposure and AMPs activate antioxidant enzymes, thereby inducing chemical tolerance in D. melanogaster. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the induction levels of genes associated with necrosis (EGR and BSK), apoptosis (Dronc, Dcp1, and Drice), antioxidant physiology (SOD1, SOD2, CAT, Trxr1, GstD2, and GstD5), and SAM metabolism (Gnmt and Foxo) in D. melanogaster exposed to three chemicals, 2-phenylethanol, ethanol, and acetic acid. As a result, above genes were induced in chemical-exposed fly, and this supports our hypothesis of chemical tolerance pathway in D. melanogaster.

This study focused on the genomic analysis of Anopheles kleini and Anopheles pullus, both vectors of vivax malaria within the Anopheles Hyrcanus group. Using Illumina NovaSeq600 and Oxford Nanopore platforms, we identified 126 and 116 contigs, along with 40,420 and 32,749 genes from An. kleini and An. pullus, respectively. The assembled genome sizes were 282 Mb for An. kleini and 247 Mb for An. pullus, which are within a similar range to the sizes previously estimated by digital PCR (249 Mb and 226 Mb). We are currently also estimating the genome sizes of other Anopheles spp. and manually curating key genes determining vectorial capacity.