Present study propose a dual-route perspective on emoticon usage in mobile instant messaging. One is the utility route where emoticons familiarity and perceived synchronicity of emoticons influence perceived ease of use. The other route is the affection route in which self-image congruity between emoticons and individuals drives psychological ownership.

Support from the private sector, for example by firms, has been solicited to ease tourist attraction financial constraints and to help their restoration and maintenance out of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities (United Nations, 2010; Europanostra, 2013). When engaging in these partnerships, firms may display different level of altruistic motivation. For example, the Italian fashion company Tod’s demonstrated high altruism by agreeing to restore the Colosseum without any economic or financial return. American Express, however, sought promotional rights when the firm agreed to contribute to the restoration of the Statue of Liberty. Finally, the ticketing agency Eventim renamed the Hammersmith Apollo (now Eventim Apollo) in London following their involvement in the restoration, thus pursuing more strategic, rather than altruistic goals. Non-altruistic goals and the fear that the involvement of a company may generate scepticism in visitors, as they could perceive the authentic image of a tourist attraction to be jeopardized. Managers of tourist attractions are faced with a dilemma: should they seek financial support from third parties (e.g. firms), or would this compromise the appeal of the site, leading to a drop in the number of visitors? In order to address this problem, we conducted two experiments to examine how firms' involvement in restorations affects tourist attractions. We found that firms' altruistic motivations (that denotes the support of a cause without demanding anything in return) are positively associated with tourists' intentions to visit the attraction (Study 1). Moreover, we found that this relationship is mediated by visitors’ perceived authenticity, in other words the belief that the real aspect of the site has not been irreversibly altered. We confirm the robustness of our findings in Study 2, additionally showing how this effect is stronger in the case of heritage sites compared to non-heritage sites. To the best of our knowledge, our results are among the first to show how a lack of altruism in CSR activities can negatively affect the target of the campaign (in this particular case a tourist attraction). Results also suggest managers of tourist attractions with high heritage value to assess the altruistic motives of the firm carefully before engaging in a financial partnership.

Metal matrix composites(MMC) can obtain mechanical characteristics of application purposes that a single material is difficult to obtain. Al2 O3/AC8A composites were fabricated by low pressure infiltration process. The purpose is establishing the optimal casting conditions for composite preparation under low pressure. It is known the inorganic binder help infiltration. Therefore Al2O3 fiber preform's optimum sinter temperature is 1160℃, added inorganic binder is mixed binder(SiO2 sol:Al2O3 sol=5:2). And three fibers have been compared (Al2O3 80%/SiO2 20%, Al2O3 80%/SiO2 10% and Al2O3 97%/SiO2 3%). Al2O3/AC8A composites was made by each melting temperatures(650℃, 700℃, 750℃) and wear test was performed about effect of temperatures, kind of fiber, matrix and composites, aging time. Wear test is Ball on disk wear test. The resistance increased with the low melting temperature and Al2O3 80%/SiO2 20% fiber.

We report the characterization of a massive (mp = 3:91:4Mjup) microlensing planet (OGLE- 2015-BLG-0954Lb) orbiting an M dwarf host (M = 0:33  0:12M) at a distance toward the Galactic bulge of 0:6+0:4 􀀀0:2 kpc, which is extremely nearby by microlensing standards. The planet-host projected separation is a?  1:2AU. The characterization was made possible by the wide-eld (4 deg2) high cadence (􀀀 = 6 hr􀀀1) monitoring of the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet), which had two of its three telescopes in commissioning operations at the time of the planetary anomaly. The source crossing time t = 16 min is among the shortest ever published. The high-cadence, wide-eld observations that are the hallmark of KMTNet are the only way to routinely capture such short crossings. High-cadence resolution of short caustic crossings will preferentially lead to mass and distance measurements for the lens. This is because the short crossing time typically implies a nearby lens, which enables the measurement of additional eects (bright lens and/or microlens parallax). When combined with the measured crossing time, these eects can yield planet/host masses and distance.

Sulphonated polysulphone (SPS) has been synthesized and subsequently applied as binder for graphene oxide (GO)-based electrodes for development of electrochemical supercapacitors. Electrochemical performance of the electrode was investigated using cyclic voltammetry in 1M Na2SO4 and 1M KOH solution. The fabricated supercapacitors gave a specific capacitance of 161.6 and 216.8 F/g with 215.4 W/kg and 450 W/kg of power density, in 1M Na2SO4 and 1M KOH solutions, respectively. This suggests that KOH is a better electrolyte than Na2SO4 for studying the electrochemical behavior of electroactive material, and also suggests SPS is a good binder for fabrication of a GO based electrode.

We present an optical UBVRI photometric analysis of the poorly studied open star cluster IC 2156 using Sloan Digital Sky Survey data in order to estimate its astrophysical properties. We compare these with results from our previous studies that relied on the 2MASS JHK near-infrared photometry. The stellar density distributions and color-magnitude diagrams of the cluster are used to determine its geometrical structure, real radius, core and tidal radii, and its distance from the Sun, the Galactic plane, and the Galactic center. We also estimate, the age, color excesses, reddening-free distance modulus, membership, total mass, luminosity function, mass function, and relaxation time of the cluster.