"Geumanbyeo" is a new japonica rice variety developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2002, which was derived from a cross between SR11878-14-4-1 of good eating-quality and high yield potential, and Suweon345 of lodging tolerance and resistance to diseases. Geumanbyeo is a medium-maturing variety with heading date of August 12 on ordinary planting in the middle plain area. It has a semi-erect plant type with culm length of 82cm, erect pubescent leaf blade and slightly tough culm with good canopy architecture. Geumanbyeo has a little bit fewer tillers per hill, and more spikelets per panicle than Hwaseongbyeo. It is slightly less tolerant to the cold stress in terms of both heading delay and spikelet fertility than Hwaseongbyeo. This variety shows delayed leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination at ripening stage. It shows moderately resistant to leaf blast and K1 race of bacterial blight, but susceptible to virus diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of Geumanbyeo exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium-short grain. It showed lower amylose content of 18.6% and similar gelatinization temperature and better palatability of cooked rice compared to Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.32 MT/ha at ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. Geumanbyeo would be highly adaptable to the central lowland and mid-southern mountainous areas in Korea.

"Seoanl" is a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Namyang9, a line of lodging tolerance and adaptable to reclaimed saline area, and Gyehwa7, a line of good-quality, adaptable to reclaimed saline area and high yield by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, in 2005. This variety has about 131 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in central plain area, and mid-western coastal area in Korea. It is about 73 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. It has also semi-erect pubescent leaf blade and slightly tough culm with good canopy architecture. The number of panicles per hill of Seoanl is slightly more than that of Hwaseongbyeo. Seoanl was susceptible to major diseases, blast, bacterial blight and viruses, and insect, brown plant hopper. This variety has lower amylose content of 18.8% and better palatability of cooked rice than those of Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield performance of this variety is about 5.60MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. Seoanl would be adaptable to central plain area and mid-western coastal area of Korea.

"Samkwangbyeo" is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2003, which was derived from a cross between good quality, high yielding line Suweon361 and a disease resistant line Milyangl01. This variety has about 129 days duration from seeding to heading in central lowland and mid-mountainous areas. It is about 87 cm in culm length and moderately tolerant to lodging. It has also erect pubescent leaf blade and slightly tough culm with good canopy architecture. Samkwangbyeo has the same number of tillers per hill and spikelets per panicle as those of Ilpumbyeo. It shows less sensitivity to premature heading by lately transplanting of 50-day old seedlings. It is slightly less tolerant to cold stress in terms of both heading delay and spikelet fertility than those of Ilpumbyeo. It shows delayed leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination at ripening stage. It shows moderate resistance to leaf blast, bacterial blight, and stripe virus, but susceptibility to insect pests. The milled rice of Samkwangbyeo exhibits translucent, relatively clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has similar amylose content of 18.3% and similar gelatinization temperature, and good palatability of cooked rice compared to Ilpumbyeo. The milled rice yield of Samkwangbyeo is about 5.69 MT/ha at ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. Samkwangbyeo would be highly adaptable to central lowland and mid-southern mountainous areas of Korea.

"Oraebyeo" is mutation of a high quality japonica cultivar, Ilpumbyeoa new japonica rice(Oriza sativa L.) cultivar developed from by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) treatment on fertilized egg cell by the rice breeding team of Gangwon Provincial Agricultural Res. & Ext. Service in 2006. This variety heads 20 days earlier than Ilpumbyeo and similar to that of Odaebyeo an early maturing leading cultivar of northern plain area of Korea. Compared with Odaebyeo has a good semi-erect plant type with lodging tolerance due to much shortened plant hight(l2cm shorter than Odaebyeo). Oraebyeo has similar panicle number with Odaebye where as it has more spikelets per panicle. However, this variety less the ratio of ripened grains and 1,000 grain weight than those of Odaebyeo. The yield performance of this cultivar in milled rice was about 5.09MT/ha in local adaptability test conducted for three years 2002-2004 and 5.51MT/ha in the demonstration plot of farmer's field.

The effects of the transferred green rice leafhopper (GRH) resistant gene on yield and grain quality were analyzed by using 7 near-isogenic lines (NILs) with introgressed GRH resistance gene in rice cultivar "Ilpumbyeo". The genotype analysis using SSR markers indicated that all NILs were recovered more than 95% as compared with recurrent parent "Ilpumbyeo". All NILs showed no significant differences compared to recurrent parent for grain yield. No significant differences were observed between NILs and their recurrent parent for physicochemical traits (protein content, amylose content and alkali spreading value) and eating quality. But there were significant differences for appearance of brown and milled rice and pasting properties between some NILs and their recurrent parent. It means that these grain appearance and pasting traits of NILs were very similar or more improved compared to recurrent parent "Ilpumbyeo". Thus, it could be possible to develop GRH resistant variety with high ,quality in segregating populations.

The removal of nitrogen compounds from a wastewater is essential and it is often accomplished by biological process. An aerobic nitrate-removing bacterium was isolated from a municipal sewage treatment plant and soil. On the basis of its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequencing data, this strain was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, and named as P. fluorescens K4. The optimal conditions of the initial pH and temperature of media for its growth were 7.0~8.0 and 30℃, respectively. P. fluorescens K4 was able to remove 99.9% of nitrate after 24 h in a culture. The strain could grow with a nitrate concentration up to 800 mg/l and was able to remove 99.9% of nitrate after 104 h of incubation. The optimal electron donor was sodium citrate for a nitrate removal. The strain K4 showed a capability of a complete nitrate removal when the initial C/N ratio was 1.0. An effect of the initial seed concentration was observed for a cell of 10% (v/v) for a nitrate removal. Especially P. fluorescens K4 could completely remove 200 mg/l ammonium for 3 days.

“Shinmichal1”, a waxy red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “Alchan”/“Chal2”during 1997. “Alchan” is a soft red winter wheat with high yield and good noodle quality. “Chal2” is a waxy wheat line crossed by “Kanto107” (Wx-A1b and Wx-B1b) and “BaiHuo” (Wx-D1b). “Shinmichal1” was evaluated as “Suwon306” in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2002. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2003 and 2006. “Shinmichal1” is an awned, semi dwarf and soft red winter wheat, similar to “Uri” (check cultivar). The Heading and maturing date of “Shinmichal1” were similar to “Uri”. Culm and spike length of “Shinmichal1“ were 79 cm and 7.8 cm. “Shinmichal1“ had greater test weight (802 g) and lower 1,000-grain weight (31.8 g) than “Uri” (782 g and 35.2 g, respectively). It has resistance to winter hardiness, wet-soil tolerance, lodging tolerance and moderate post-harvest sprouting damage. “Shinmichal1” had higher flour yield (66.2%), ash (0.73%), protein (10.9%) and SDS sedimentation volume (40.7 ml) than “Uri” (64.7%, 0.53%, 9.3%, and 32.5 ml, respectively) and similar flour color to “Uri”. “Shinmichal1” had higher dough extensibility and lower dough strength than “Uri”. It is 5.2% of amylose content and had typical waxy starch pasting properties. Average yield of “Shnmichal1” in the regional adaptation yield trial was 5.24 MT ha-1 in upland and 5.58 MT ha-1 in paddy field, which was 3% and 8% lower than those of “Uri” (5.39 MT ha-1 and 6.09 MT ha-1, respectively). “Shinmichal1” would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of -10℃ in January in Korean peninsula.