In this study, seasonal Mann - Kendall test method was applied to 12 stations of the water quality measurement network of Nam-River based on data of BOD, COD, TN and TP for 11 years from January 2005 to December 2015 The changes of water quality at each station were examined through linear trends and the tendency of water quality change during the study period was analyzed by applying the locally weighted scatter plot smoother (LOWESS) method. In addition, spatial trends of the whole Nam-River were examined by items. The flow-adjusted seasonal Kendall test was performed to remove the flow at the water quality measurement station. As a result, BOD, COD concentration showed "no trand" and TN and TP concentration showed "down trand" in regional Kendall test throughout the study period. BOD and TP concentration in "no trand", COD, and TN concentration showed an "up trand" tendency in Nam-River dam. LOWESS analysis showed no significant water quality change in most of the analysis items and stations, but water quality fluctuation characteristics were shown at some stations such as NR1 (Kyungho-River 1), NR2 (Kyungho-River 2), NR3 (Nam-River), NR6 (Nam-River 2A). In addition, the flow-adjusted seasonal Kendall results showed that the BOD concentration was "up trand" due to the flow at the NR3 (Nam-River) station. The COD concentration was "up trand" due to the flow at NR1 (Kyungho-River 1) and NR2 (Kyungho-River 2) located upstream of the Nam-River. The effect of influent flow on water quality varies according to each site and analysis item. Therefore, for the effective water quality management in the Nam-River, it is necessary to take measures to improve the water quality at the point where the water quality is continuously "up trand" during the study period.

최근 무인화 선박과 관련하여 해양 산업 분야에서의 기술적인 응용에 대한 관심이 일어나고 있다. 특히 기술, 안전 및 보안 문제와 관련하여 무인 선박의 운영 가능성을 시험하고 개발하는 것을 목표로 하는 많은 연구에 대한 관심이 모아지고 있다. 이처럼 선박은 매우 빠르 게 기술 개발이 이루어지고 있으며 결국에 선원이 승선하지 않아도 되는 무인화 및 지능형 선박의 개발까지 이어지게 되었다. 하지만 현재까 지 선원들의 관점에서 선박의 기술적 변화와 앞으로 도입될 무인화 선박에 대한 그들의 인식에 관한 연구는 없었다. 4차 산업 혁신 중에 하나 일 선박의 자율운항기술은 선원의 일자리, 선원의 노동과 윤리적 분야, 교육과 훈련 등 영향을 미칠 것이며 이는 선원의 선상 근무가 필요 없 는 무인 선박의 개발에 앞서서 논의되어야 할 사항이다. 이러한 논의의 시작으로 본 연구는 무인화 선박에 대한 선원의 지식과 인식이 어떠한 지 조사하고 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 응답자를 대상으로 조사 설문지를 통해 데이터를 수집했으며 변수들 간의 상관 관계를 테스트하는 데 피어슨 상관 계수를 사용하였다.

The purpose of this study is to observe the influence mother's pro-environmental consumption behavior have on the adolescents' environment-friendly attitudes and adolescents' pro-environmental consumption behavior. Also by examining the variable relation, the study scopes out the effectiveness of environmental experience. For the analysis, high school students in Korea were gathered from online and multiple regression analysis, and Baron and Kenny mediation analysis were conducted among a total of 521 surveys. The main findings are as follows: First, mother's pro-environmental consumption behavior were proven to be essential factors that have influence on the adolescents’ environment-friendly attitudes. Second, mother's pro-environmental consumption behavior were proven to be essential factors that have influence on the adolescents’ pro-environmental consumption behavior. Third, mediating effect of adolescents' environment-friendly attitudes was verified in the relationship between mother's and adolescent's pro-environmental consumption behavior. The findings suggest the importance of adolescents' environment-friendly attitudes and improve adolescent's pro-environmental consumption behavior by having practice mother's pro-environmental consumption behavior.

The purpose of this study was to observe the influence adolescents’ environmental experience and environmental consciousness have on the pro-environmental consumption behavior. Also by examining the variable relation, the study scoped out the effectiveness of environmental experience. For the analysis, high school students in Korea were gathered from online and the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and Baron and Kenny mediation analysis were conducted among a total of 521 surveys. The main findings are as follows: First, adolescents’ environmental experience, environmental consciousness and pro-environmental consumption behavior showed a positive relationship. In other words, the more the experience, the more sense of responsibility adolescents had towards the environment and society, leading them to have pro-environmental consumption behavior. Second, environmental experience and environmental consciousness were proven to be essential factors that have influence on the adolescents’ pro-environmental consumption behavior. Third, partial mediating effect of environmental consciousness was verified in accordance with the relationship between environmental experience and pro-environmental consumption behaviour. The findings suggest the importance of adolescents' environmental consciousness and improvement of pro-environmental consumption behavior by having students gain environmental experience.

해상교통관제사들의 과도하고 장기화된 스트레스가 그들의 삶의 질 뿐만 아니라 제공되는 서비스의 질에도 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 결과적으로 업무과중을 일으켜 선박사고 발생 위험률을 높일 수 있다는 데에 주목하고 스트레스 수준을 측정함과 아울러 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 직무스트레스 유발요인들을 추출해 보았다. 표준화된 측정도구(KOSS, PWI)로서 관제사들의 스트레스 수준을 측정해 보고, 배경적 변수(연령, 근무경력, 해상교통량 등)에 따라 스트레스에 차이가 있는가를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 관제사들은 일반인보다 높은 수준의 사회심리 적 스트레스를 겪고 있었으며 연령 및 근무경력 별 스트레스 수준은 역U자 형태를 보였다. 또한 스트레스를 유발하는 직무환경적 요인들을 규명하였으며, 스트레스 관련 교육 및 근무환경 개선, 새로운 휴식시설 마련 등은 직무스트레스를 유의하게 낮게 함을 밝혔다. 그리고 근무환 경, 교대근무 등의 직무환경적 스트레스 요인으로서 관제사의 직무스트레스를 설명할 수 있는 회귀모형을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 인적재해 발생의 주요 원인인 직무스트레스에 관하여 고찰하고 해상교통관제 분야의 인적요인 연구에 필요한 기초자료로 삼고자 한다.

Increased total IgE and eosinophil count levels are thought to provoke the occurrence of urticaria. The purpose of this study is to measure serum total IgE levels, specific IgE sensitization rates, and blood eosinophil count and to investigate the relationship between those factors. Among children who visited the Department of Pediatrics at Chosun University Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013, we retrospectively analyzed 63 patients with acute urticaria. Positive rates of the total serum IgE level, specific IgE, and blood eosinophil count were analyzed in patients with acute urticaria. A total of 63 patients were included in the study and the rate of males to females was 1: 0.8. Mean age of patients was 6.41±4.97 years (range 0-17 years). Among the subjects, 42.9% of patients showed an elevated serum total IgE and 63.5% of patients showed at least more than one allergen-specific IgE by MAST (multiple allergosorbent test). The mean number of allergens detected in positive patients was 2.42±2.56/patient. The serum total IgE and allergen specific IgE showed significant positive correlation (OR = 0.290, p=0.02). This study is meaningful as it revealed a positive correlation between serum total IgE and allergen specific IgE in urticaria patients.

Nonlinear seismic evaluation of RC building usually needs much time and man power, In this study, several computational modules were applied for evaluation of existing RC buildings. To investigate the effect of applied modules on time, seismic performance evaluation of example building was performed and the man power input was compared with conventional process.

The purpose of this study is to examine green consumer behavior (green product purchasing behavior and green consumption life) affected by demographical characteristics, and cognition degree of green life (cognition of a green indicator, a green life catalyst system, and environmental problems). It's also to promote strategy and suggest effective activation plans for the vitalization of green consumer behavior. To carry out the task, verification of credibility, multiple regression analysis, two-step cluster analysis, and multinomial logistic analysis were used. The results are as follows: First, the factors that effect green product purchasing behavior were gender, age, cognitive of a green indicator, carbon points system, electricity peak hour system, and seriousness of environmental damage due to lifestyle. Second, the factors that effect green lifestyle were gender, age, carbon grade indicator system, cognition of a green system, and the seriousness of environmental damage due to lifestyle. Third, the comparative group characteristic analysis showed low rates for careless green consumer behavior groups compared to the passive green consumer behavior groups in cognition of a green indicator, green system, and environmental problems. For active green consumer behavior groups, the analysis showed high rates in cognition of carbon grades, eco-labeling, electricity peak hour system, and environmental damage due to lifestyle. In order to encourage green consumer behavior, it's evident that cognition of a green indicator, a green life catalyst system, and environmental problems need to be improved through strategic education and continuous encouragement.

Microbiological contamination of 4 vegetables (garlic, red pepper, perilla leaf and lettuce) collected from 10 restaurants around university was examined. The vegetables were evaluated for total plate count, coliforms, psychrophiles, yeast, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of total plate count showed the highest value as 5.4±0.69 log CFU/g in lettuce, following by 4.8±1.53 log CFU/g in red pepper, 4.5±1.65 log CFU/g in perilla leaf and 3.4±1.27 log CFU/g in garlic. The contamination level of coliforms and psychrophiles were highest in red pepper with maximum as 4.7 log CFU/g and 8.2 log CFU/g, respectively. Red pepper of psychrophiles showed the highest average value as 5.0±1.82 log CFU/g followed by 4.2±1.91 log CFU/g in lettuce, 4.7±1.55 log CFU/g in perilla leaf and 2.4±2.10 log CFU/g in garlic. The average number of yeasts were highest in perilla leaf with 4.4±1.41 log CFU/g and were lowest in garlic with 0.9±1.41 log CFU/g. The contamination level of S. aureus was detected in 27 samples among the total 40 samples with the range of 0.5-5.2 log CFU/g. In conclusion, the microbial quality of the fresh vegetables evaluated in this study was not very good. Therefore, it needs to be enhanced through the good sanitation management and production and distribution methods to improve the safety of fresh vegetables.

본 연구에서는 지상의 관측 자료와 광역의 정보를 제공하는 수치 예보 모형 자료 및 인공위성 자료를 이용하고 자료와 강수예측치의 물리적 상관 특성을 나타내기 위하여 자료 사이의 비선형 거동을 잘 나타내는 신경망 모형에 적용시켜 단시간 강수 예측을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 서울지점에 대하여 현재로부터 3시간, 6시간, 9시간, 12시간의 선행시간을 가지는 인공위성 자료(MTSAT-1R) 및 수치 예보 모형 자료(RDAPS, Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System)와 실시간 전송되는 자동 기상 관측 시스템(AWS, Automatic Weather System)의 관측치를 신경망 모형의 입력 자료로 하여 3시간, 6시간, 9시간, 12시간의 선행시간을 가지는 자료로 강수를 예측 할 수 있는 강수 예측 모형을 개발하였다. 장마와 태풍과 같이 전선형강수와 선풍형강수 등 강수 양상의 차이를 고려하기 위하여 6월, 7월과 8월, 9월 자료를 구분하여 신경망을 구축하였으며, 자료가용성에 기초하여 2006년에서 2008년 기간 동안에 대하여 모형을 학습하고 2009년에 대하여 모형의 적용성을 검증한 결과, 단시간 강수예측에 대한 모형의 적용 가능성을 보여주었으나 다양한 광역 자료와 인공신경망을 사용함에도 불구하고 단시간 강수예측의 정량적 정도향상을 위한 여지가 많음을 보여준다.

The objective of this study is to provide pollutant loads delivery ratio for flow duration in Oenam-cheon watershed, which is upstream watershed of Juam Lake. To calculate the delivery ratio by flow duration, rating curves and discharge-loads curves using measured data were established, then Flow Duration Curve(FDC) and pollutant loads delivery ratio curves were constructed. The results show that the delivery ratios for BOD5 for abundant flow(Q95), ordinary flow(Q185), low flow(Q275), and drought flow(Q355) were 23.9, 12.7, 7.1, and 2.9%, respectively. The delivery ratios of same flow regime for T-N were 58.4, 31.2, 17.2 and 7.1%, respectively. While, the delivery ratios T-P were 17.3, 7.5, 3.4, and 1.1% respectively. In general, delivery ratio of high flow condition showed higher value due to the influence of nonpoint source pollution. Based on the study results, generalized equations were developed for delivery ratio and discharge per unit area, which could be used for ungaged watershed with similar pollution sources.