Oral dialogue journals have been used in English L1, ESL and EFL classrooms for a number of years. While a number of claims have been made in the literature regarding the benefits of oral dialogue journals with regard to oral language development, more research is needed to ascertain whether these claims hold true for the South Korean context. In addition, one troublesome aspect reported in association with oral dialogue journal use in relation to speaking development, the extensive planning of discourse before speaking, calls for further investigation as it is uncharacteristic of casual conversation. This article reports on a study conducted over a three-year period with South Korean university students taking an advanced English conversation course. The learners kept an oral dialogue journal and reported on its effects. Using questionnaire and interview data, it was found that many of the benefits claimed for oral dialogue journals were true of the study participants. Unfortunately, many learners also relied strongly on written discourse to complete their oral journal submissions. To counter this tendency a number of task types and various task features were used to identify ways to encourage more spontaneous spoken discourse, some of which were found to be effective.

Background: Proteolytic enzymes are involved in insect molting and metamorphosis and play a vital role in the programmed cell death of obsolete organs. Here we show the expression profile of cathepsin B in the fat body of the silkworm Bombyx mori during development. We also compared the expression profile of B. mori cathepsins B (BmCatB) and D (BmCatD) in the fat body during the larval-pupal transformation of B. mori in the BmCatB or BmCatD RNA interference (RNAi) process. Results: BmCatB is ecdysone-induced and expressed in the fat body of B. mori during the molting, and the larval-pupal and pupal-adult transformations, and its expression leads to programmed cell death. In particular, BmCatB is highly expressed in the fat body of B. mori during the larval-pupal transformation and BmCatB RNAi treatment resulted in the arrest of the larval-pupal transformation. RNAi-treated BmCatB knock-down sustained the expression of BmCatD during the larval-pupal transformation. On the other hand, BmCatD RNAi up-regulated the expression of BmCatB in the fat body of final instar larvae. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that BmCatB is involved in the programmed cell death of the fat body during B. mori metamorphosis and that BmCatB and BmCatD contribute collaboratively to B. mori metamorphosis

Metamorphosis is a development process involving the programmed cell death of obsolete larval organs. Aspartic proteinase cathepsin D (BmCatD) is involved in the silkworm Bombyx mori metamorphosis. Here we show a novel functional role of cysteine proteinase cathepsin B during B. mori metamorphosis. The B. mori cathepsin B (BmCatB) was expressed in the fat body, epidermis, ovary, testis, and hemocyte of the larval and pupal stages. The BmCatB was ecdysoneinduced, expressed in the fat body of the molting, the final larval instar and pupal stages, and its expression led to programmed cell death. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated BmCatB knock-down inhibited the programmed cell death of larval and pupal fat body, resulting in the arrest of larval-pupal transformation. BmCatB RNAi is up-regulated the expression of BmCatD. Based on these results we concluded that BmCatB is critically involved in the histolysis of the larval and pupal fat body, indicating that BmCatB and BmCatD are mutally regulated during silkworm metamorphosis.

The 15,338-bp long complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Japanese oak silkmoth, Antheraeayamamai (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was determined. This genome has a gene arrangement identical to those of all other sequenced lepidopteran insects, but differs from the most common type, as the result of the movement of tRNAMet to a position 5’-upstream of tRNAIle. No typical start codon of the A. yamamai COI gene is available. Instead, a tetranucleotide, TTAG, which is found at the beginning context of all sequenced lepidopteran insects was tentatively designated as the start codon for A. yamamai COI gene. Three of the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) harbor the incomplete termination codon, T or TA. All tRNAs formed stable stem-and-loop structures, with the exception of tRNASer(AGN), the DHU arm of which formed a simple loop as has been observed in many other metazoan mt tRNASer(AGN). The 334-bp long A+T-rich region is noteworthy in that it harbors tRNA-likestructures, as has also been seen in the A+T-rich regions of other insect mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses of the available species of Bombycoidea, Pyraloidea, and Tortricidea bolstered the current morphology-based hypothesis that Bombycoidea and Pyraloidea are monophyletic (Obtectomera). As has been previously suggested, Bombycidae (Bombyxmori and B.mandarina) and Saturniidae (A.yamamai and Caligula boisduvalii) formed a reciprocal monophyletic group.

사용후연료 건식저장용기의 전복사고조건에 대한 1/3 축소모델의 시험을 실시하여 전복해석에 대한 검증을 하였다. 전복해석은 전복각도에 따른 위치에너지와 동일한 운동에너지를 가지는 초기각속도를 이용하여 결정된 각 점에서의 속도를 충돌직전 모델에 대한 초기경계값으로 입력하여 해석하였다. 전복시험에 따른 캐니스터의 구조적 건전성을 확인하기 위하여 육안검사와 함께 액체침투법과 초음파 탐상법와 같은 비파괴검사를 실시하였다. 전복충격에 의하여 저장용기의 뚜껑 에 변형 이 발생되었지만 캐니스터의 구조적 건전성이 유지되었다. 시험에서 취득한 변형률과 가속도를 해석결과와 비교하여 해석 에 대한 검증을 실시하였다. 해석결과는 시험결과보다 대체로 두 배 정도의 큰 값을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

경북농업기술원 약용작물 전시포에서 약용작물 기생선충을 조사하던 중 Helicotylenchus clarkei Sher, 1966와 Rotylenchus usitatus Van den Berg et Heyns, 1974 등 2종이 우리나라 미기록종으로 확인되어 보고한다. 이로서 국내에는 총 8종의 Helicotylenchus와 총 9종의 Rotylenchus가 기록외었으며 각 종에 대한 분류검색표를 첨부하였다.

강섬유 보강 콘크리트 (SFRC) 의 휩 거동은 재료의 인장 및 압축 응력-변형도에 의존하며 이때 이들은 휩 웅 력시 작용하는 strain gradient 의 영향을 받게된다. SFRC 의 경우， 휩 실험은 직인장 실험과 비교하여 볼 때 상대적으로 간펀하며 또한 다수의 실험 결 과가 확보되어 있다. 따라서 이 들 휩 실험 결과로부터 SFRC 의 기본 적 재료 성질인 인장응력 -변형도를 유출하는 것은 중요하다고 하겠다. 본 연구의 목 적올 위하여 휩 실험 data 플 해석하기 위한 ‘ System Identification" 방볍론이 사용되었으며 그 결과 휩 웅력하에서의 SFRC 의 인 장 거동올 설명하는 주요 변수뜰이 고찰되었다.

SFRC 보의 휩 거동에 대한 이론적인 해석이 제시되었다. Critica1 re믿.on내의 곡훌 변화와 균열 양상 이 고려 되었으며 이률 위해 SFRC 의 압축 용력-변형도와 륙히 SFRC 의 인장 최대하중 후 용력-균 열 열 림 관계 (strss-crack .0야ning relati.onships)로 표현된 인 장 constitutive 모댈 이 비 선형 휩 해 석 에 이용되었다. 제시된 모델의 해석치는 실험치와 비교할 때 만족스러웠으며 이 모델율 이용， SFRC보의 휩 거동에 미치는 여러 영향들과 위험 단면 (αitical secti.on)의 거동이 고찰되었다. 또한 단순 관찰과 흉 계적인 접근을 통해 SFRC 보의 휩 거동에 큰 영향을 미치는 변수(pararneters)률율 찾아 내었다.