Background: Previous studies have been reported that when instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and the self-myofascial release technique were used on the muscles. However, studies that applied the IASTM and self-stretching to the gastrocnemius muscle are thought to be necessary but there is no such previous study. Objectives: To investigate the effects of IASTM and self-stretching on gastrocnemius muscle thickness and the range of motion of joint in dorsiflexion in healthy college student. Design: Quasi-experimental design (single blind). Methods: The subjects were healthy college students in their 20s with a healthy body. As for the experimental method in this study, comparison between before and after the experiment was performed to compare the effects of myofascial release using IASTM and stretching. The preliminary survey investigated the range of motion (ROM) of ankle joint of the subjects. The thicknesses of gastrocnemius muscles were measured using ultrasonography. One day after the preliminary survey, IASTM interventions and self-stretching interventions were randomly selected. If IASTM intervention is selected, the IASTM of the gastrocnemius muscle was applied for 5 minutes. After than, muscle thickness and the ankle dorsiflexion ROM were measured. Subjects were asked to take a break for about one day after performing the intervention. Self-stretching was applied to the gastrocnemius muscle for 5 minutes identically. After than, muscle thickness and the ankle dorsiflexion ROM were measured. Results: The thickness of the gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly IASTM intervention, and the ankle dorsiflexion ROM increased significantly IASTM intervention. Ankle dorsiflexion ROM increased significantly the selfstretching intervention. The amounts of change in ankle dorsiflexion ROM through the IASTM was significantly greater than that through self-stretching. Conclusion: In order to immediately increase muscle flexibility in a short time, the IASTM is more effective although the self-stretching method is also effective.

For application in nuclear decommissioning, underwater laser cutting studies were conducted on thick stainless-steel plates for various cutting directions using a 6 kW fiber laser. For cutting along the horizontal direction with horizontal laser irradiation, the maximum cutting speed was 110 mm∙min−1 for a 48 mm thick stainless-steel plate. For cutting along the vertical direction with horizontal laser irradiation, a maximum speed of 120 mm∙min−1 was obtained for the same thickness, which confirmed that the cutting performance was similar but slightly better. Moreover, when cutting with vertically downward laser irradiation, the maximum cutting speed was 120 mm∙min−1 for a plate of the same thickness. Thus, the cutting performance for vertical irradiation was nearly identical to that for horizontal irradiation. In conclusion, it was possible to cut thick stainless-steel plates regardless of the laser irradiation and cutting directions, although the assist gas rose up due to buoyancy. These observations are expected to benefit laser cutting procedures during the actual dismantling of nuclear facilities.

With the development of the economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, consumers’ increasing demand for safe food has become an inevitable trend of social development. On the one hand, food safety is an urgent social problem needed to be solved in China. On the other hand, the food safety guarantee method based on a traceability system is popular. This paper systematically studies the influencing factors of consumers’ willingness to pay for the extra price of traceable pork in the Yanbian area through empirical analysis. The result showed that consumers’ attitude and subjective norms, and perceived behavior control, have significantly positively affect consumers’ willingness to pay the extra price. Meanwhile, consumers’ perceived risk of traceable pork significantly moderates the effect on consumers’ attitude and willingness to pay an extra price. The results can provide the corresponding reference for government agencies to formulate policies and provide valuable suggestions for enterprises to develop a pork traceability market to realize the development of a pork traceability system in the Yanbian area to ensure consumers’ food safety.

본 연구에서는 중국 길림성 연변 주 지역의 ‘연변황우’ 소비자 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였음. 먼저 국내외 브랜드 인지 및 구매 의사에 관한 이론을 검토하고 소비자의 브랜드 인식 등의 이론을 바탕으로 연구 가설을 제시하였음. ‘연변황우’에 대한 소비자 구매 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인을 구축하여 분석을 실시하였음. 연구 결과 1. ‘연변황우’ 브랜드 이미지는 소비자의 구매 의사에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 소비자의 ‘품질 감지’ 요인에 정(+)의 영향을 미침. 2. ‘위험 감지’ 요인에는 부(-)의 영향을 미침. ‘품질 감지’ 요인은 ‘연변황우’ 구매 의사에 긍정적인 영향을 미침. 3. ‘연변황우’의 브랜드 이미지 관리를 강화해야하며 이는 브랜드의 연구관련에 새로운 분야 탐색에 중요한 의의가 있음.

The content of harmful materials was investigated for coffee beans sold in Daejeon. Total 79 samples were analysed and 213 residual pesticides and 2 heavy metals were analysed simultaneously by GC-MS/MS, GC-NPD, GC-ECD, LC-MS/MS and ICP-MS. The instrumental method was validated with limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), the linearity of standard curves. LOD of the residual pesticides was between 0.0003 to 0.0021 mg/kg, LOQ of the residual pesticides was between 0.0008 to 0.0064 mg/kg. LOD of the heavy metals was between 0.0077 to 0.0079 μg/kg, LOQ of the heavy metals was between 0.0233 to 0.0239 μg/kg. The linearity correlation coefficient for the calibration curve was between 0.9929 to 0.9999 and the recovery rate was between 95.4% to 106.1%. According to the monitoring of residual pesticides and heavy metals, no pesticide was detected in all coffee bean samples. 88.6% (70 samples) of analysed total 79 coffee beans contained at least 1 heavy metal but there was no sample which exceeded the maximum residual limit. Risk assessment was also carried out based on the content of heavy metals detected in coffee beans. The carcinogenic risk assessment to heavy metals showed that all cancer-risk (CR) values were below 10–6 and it meant that the CR due to heavy metals intake was evaluated as safe. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment to heavy metals showed that all hazard index (HI) were below 1, which was considered acceptable at the current level of exposure. The %PTWI values of lead and cadmium for 55 roasted coffee bean samples were 0.09% and 0.04% respectively, compared with the reference values. This results indicate that there is almost no health risk from heavy metal intake through the consumption of coffee beans in circulation in Daejeon.

This paper is based on field survey data and applies it to the logistic model to analyze consumers' online shopping intention to buy fresh produce. According to the total effect of online shopping intention, it was revealed that consumers' age, educational level, and monthly household income significantly influence willingness to buy fresh produce online. The product quality, price and brand name were the main factors affecting consumers' willingness to buy fresh produce online. The customer service quality, payment security, and logistics quality significantly also affected consumers' willingness to buy fresh produce online. In conclusion, it is important for vitalizing online sales of fresh produce to ensure the quality, use well-known brand name, and improve logistics service and e-commerce platforms.

In recent years, China's agricultural listed companies have developed rapidly. This paper studies the operating efficiency of listed agricultural companies in China. exploring the factors that affect the operating efficiency of listed agricultural companies, and proposes targeted countermeasures for the development of listed agricultural companies. And give some suggestions to Korean agricultural companies and A share investors. This paper uses the DEA model, selects the 40 best-developed Chinese agricultural listed companies in 2018 as a sample, analyzes the operating efficiency of these companies, and added two new input variables: asset impairment losses (AIL) and business tax and surcharge (BTS), which will also have an impact on operating efficiency. This paper can provide reliable suggestions for the development of agricultural listed companies, and thus guide the healthy operation of agricultural companies.

This study proposes a method of separating uranium (U) and minor actinides from rare earth (RE) elements in the LiCl-KCl salt system. Several RE metals were used to reduce UCl3 and MgCl2 from the eutectic LiCl-KCl salt systems. Five experiments were performed on drawdown U and plutonium (Pu) surrogate elements from RECl3-enriched LiCl-KCl salt systems at 773 K. Via the introduction of RE metals into the salt system, it was observed that the UCl3 concentration can be lowered below 100 ppm. In addition, UCl3 was reduced into a powdery form that easily settled at the bottom and was successfully collected by a salt distillation operation. When the RE metals come into contact with a metallic structure, a galvanic interaction occurs dominantly, seemingly accelerating the U recovery reaction. These results elucidate the development of an effective and simple process that selectively removes actinides from electrorefining salt, thus contributing to the minimization of the influx of actinides into the nuclear fuel waste stream.