The KVN(Korean VLBI Network)-style simultaneous multi-frequency receiving mode is demonstrated to be promising for mm-VLBI observations. Recently, other Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) facilities all over the globe start to implement compatible optics systems. Simultaneous dual/multi-frequency VLBI observations at mm wavelengths with international baselines are thus possible. In this paper, we present the results from the first successful simultaneous 22/43 GHz dualfrequency observation with KaVA(KVN and VERA array), including images and astrometric results. Our analysis shows that the newly implemented simultaneous receiving system has brought a significant extension of the coherence time of the 43 GHz visibility phases along the international baselines. The astrometric results obtained with KaVA are consistent with those obtained with the independent analysis of the KVN data. Our results thus confirm the good performance of the simultaneous receiving systems for the non-KVN stations. Future simultaneous observations with more global stations bring even higher sensitivity and micro-arcsecond level astrometric measurements of the targets.

In service encounter, value creation comes not only from customer-to- service provider interaction but also from customer-to-customer interaction (CCI). A number of studies have demonstrated that the CCI plays an important role in perceived service quality, value creation, and customer satisfaction. Although prior researcher have explored the effect of CCI, they have focused more on traditional service encounter which service employee is present than on technology-based self-service (TBSS) encounter without employee presence. TBSS is an activity or benefit based on hard technologies that service providers offer so that customers can perform the service, or parts of the service by themselves. Focal customers can be influenced directly or indirectly by other customers in service encounter. To examine the effect of ICCI on service quality in TBSS, we conducted two studies. Study 1 focus on the impact of ICCI on service quality and the mediation of service experience. Study 2 explore whether the service failure moderates the relationship between ICCI and service experience. In experiment 1, a single factor (other customers: presence VS. absence) experiment was conducted with two different level of ICCI. Results show that compared with other customer absences when other customer presences focal customer perceived service quality is lower. That is, ICCI has a significant main effect on service quality. In addition, Experiment 1 provided evidence that a partial mediating factor underlying the relationship between ICCI and service quality was customers’s emotion. In experiment 2, A 2 (other customers: presence VS. absence) × 2 (service failure: yes VS. no) between subject design was conducted. An ANOVA on negative emotion yielded a significant ICCI × service failure interaction. The participants in the other customer presence condition experienced service was more discomfortable when the service was failed than when the service was succeeded. However, this effect was strengthened for the other customer absence condition. With advances in information technology, there has been a proliferation of self-service technologies across the services sector in the past decade. The quality and experience of technology-based self-service are very much worth the attention of service providers. Our study reveals the effect of ICCI on service quality and the mechanism by the mediation of negavtive emotion and the boundary condition of the link between ICCI and negative emotion. These results suggest that service providers should avoid ICCI, such as providing closed ATM, kiosk, and so on. In addition, the firms should try their best to guide customer to ensure the production and delivery of self-service to reduce service failures.

Nowadays, customers have become increasingly dissatisfied with accepting products and services offered by suppliers. Instead, they are involved in product development as co-productor (Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004). There are diverse types ranging from online discussion to virtual design enabling customer involved in co-creation activities related to product support. “Customer design” enables the firm to have possibilities enhancing the whole value of product design during development process (Fuchs & Schreier, 2011). However, some of scholars have found that customers cannot always play a useful role in luxury product design. Fuchs and Schreier (2011) studied that buyers can easily observe the source of design, which damage the image of co-designed product. That is because luxury product always played as a specific label of wealth and states to some extend (Ko & Phau, Aiello, 2016). Thus, this study draws from co-creation theory to investigate the specificity of online luxury design, using an experimental method. We analyze and discuss the diverging affection of luxury design held by co-creation idea innovativeness and behavior intensity, and the role played by sponsoring firm and community members.

This research aims to examine the interplay of fluency and framing in consumers’ perception of online review helpfulness. We propose to conduct three experiments to study how consumers evaluate a product review as presented in easy- vs. hard-to-read font and promotion vs. prevention frame. INTRODUCTION Nowadays consumers are often exposed to and influenced by online product reviews. These reviews are generated and posted by consumers on online shopping websites, such as Amazon.com. Obviously, the content of an online product review, either appraisal or criticism, would offer valuable information for consumers to make purchase decisions. The almost immediate and strong impact of product reviews on a prospective consumer’s decision would not be easily achieved by other marketing attempts (Daugherty, Eastin, & Bright, 2013; Ghose & Ipeirotis, 2006; Mahajan, Muller, & Kerin, 1984). In particular, past research has proposed that, if a review is believed to be more helpful it is more likely to add value for a future customer (Mudambi & Schuff, 2010; Yin, Bond, & Zhang, 2014). In this research, we would like to research what makes a review helpful. According to consumer psychology literature, metacognitive cues, such as fluency, would play an important role in consumer judgments (Lee, 2004; Schwarz, 2004). So, we first propose that fluency, the ease of information processing, could influence perceived review helpfulness. Moreover, a growing body of research has suggested some factors that could interact with fluency when influencing consumer decisions and judgments (Shah, Alter, & Oppenheimer, 2010; Tsai & McGill, 2010). For example, framing effect has been extensively studied in consumer decision making literature (Block & Keller, 1995; Rothman, Salovey, Antone, Keough, & Martin, 1993). Accordingly, we would like to study the effect of framing, emphasizing on gain vs. loss, on perceived review helpfulness. Specifically, we research whether framing a review as promotion- vs. prevention-focused would moderate fluency effect on consumers’ perception of online product reviews. To sum up, in this research we investigate how consumers’ evaluation on online product reviews is influenced by manipulating the review to be promotion- vs. preventionoriented and easy- vs. hard-to-read. To our best understanding, little of past research has directly examined the interplay of fluency and framing in consumer judgments, especially in social media contexts. We wish to collect further evidence regarding the underlying rationale involving fluency and framing effects on consumers’ perception of review helpfulness. THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT AND HYPOTHESES Researchers have defined online reviews as peer-generated product evaluations posted on a company or third party website (Mudambi & Schuff, 2010). To better understand how consumers evaluate online reviews, we propose to examine the effects of fluency and framing on perceived review helpfulness. First, fluency, defined as the ease of information processing, could make a strong impact on various judgments, including perceived risk, liking, and confidence (Alter & Oppenheimer, 2009; Novemsky, Dhar, & Schwarz, 2007; Reber, Winkielman, & Schwarz, 1998). We notice that limited empirical work has yet addressed the relationship between fluency and perceived review helpfulness, although fluency is easy to manipulate and could have overwhelming effect on judgments. Rather, marketing and social media researchers have long been focused on content- and emotion-based features of online reviews in relation to review helpfulness (Moore, 2015; Mudambi & Schuff, 2010). Therefore, this research aims to address this limitation by exploring fluency effect on review helpfulness. Second, we suggest that framing, by focusing on promotion vs. prevention, could influence consumers’ perception of online product reviews. In particular, regulatory focus literature has revealed that, message framing would influence the effectiveness of persuasion (Higgins, 1998; Meyerowitz & Chaiken, 1987; Tykocinski, Higgins, & Chaiken, 1994). To emphasize, past research has gained mixed results about promotionvs. prevention-focused messages in persuasion (Block & Keller, 1995; Rothman et al., 1993). In this research we will have a close look at framing and explore its effect on online review helpfulness. Third, we would like to test whether a gain (vs. loss) frame is more effective when disfluency (vs. fluency) is experienced. In a past study, Shah, Alter, and Oppenheimer (2010) argue that fluency (vs. disfluency) makes people feel they are close to (vs. distant from) a stimulus, and then become more likely to be engaged in low (vs. high) level thinking. According to construal level theory, when people think concretely they are more likely to focus on concrete, specific details; by contrast, when they think abstractly they are more likely to focus on abstract, global properties (Trope & Liberman, 2003). In addition, past research has found that mind-set, or thinking concretely vs. abstractly, could interact with framing in consumer judgments (White, MacDonnell, & Dhal, 2011). Regarding the interaction between fluency and framing, mixed results are found in literature. On the one hand, Shah and colleagues (2010) have suggested that, disfluency is related to high-level thinking, and thus would make a promotion frame more effective. On the other hand, researchers have proposed that, disfluency induces negative feelings, and thus would make a prevention frame more effective (White, MacDonnell, & Dhal, 2011). Given the disagreement in past findings, we would like to further examine the underlying mechanisms for consumers to perceive online product reviews presented in easy vs. hard font and promotion vs. prevention frame. Following these studies, we will conduct three experiments to test fluency and framing effects on perceived review helpfulness. Our hypotheses are listed below: H1: Consumers perceive an online product review in easy-to-read font (vs. hard-to-read) as more helpful. H2-a: Consumers perceive an online product review in easy-to-read font and a promotion (vs. prevention) frame as more helpful. H2-b: Consumers perceive an online product review in easy-to-read font and a prevention (vs. promotion) frame as more helpful. H3-a: Consumers perceive an online product review in hard-to-read font and a prevention (vs. promotion) frame as more helpful. H3-b: Consumers perceive an online product review in hard-to-read font and a promotion (vs. prevention) frame as more helpful. RESEARCH METHOD We propose three experiments to examine fluency and framing effects on perceived review helpfulness, by using an actual product review collected from Amazon.com. Two hundred undergraduate students from a public university in mainland China will participate in our experiments. In Experiment 1, we will investigate the main effect of fluency on review helpfulness. It is expected that, fluency would have significant effect on perceived review helpfulness. A review on a home speaker – Amazon Echo Dot is selected, and then rated by three individual researchers as relatively neutral and objective. We manipulate fluency by displaying the review in an easy- vs. hard-to-read font, respectively. After reading the review, using 7-point scales participants rate fluency (1 = very difficult, 7 = very easy) and review helpfulness (1 = not helpful at all, 7 = very helpful). To test fluency effect as predicted in H1, we will conduct a t-test. Also, using t-test we will check if the manipulation is successful. In Experiments 2 and 3, we will examine the main effect of framing on review helpfulness, as well as the interaction between fluency and framing. As discussed earlier, past research suggests two opposing expectations. As stated in H2-a and H3-a, promotion (vs. prevention) frame is more effective when a review is shown in easy (vs. hard) font. However, H2-b and H3-b are holding the contradictory predictions. Here, the review is modified to be more focused on promotion vs. prevention respectively, shown in either easy- or hard-to-read font. In each experiment, half of the participants read the Amazon Echo Dot’s review in a promotion frame and the other half will process the review in a prevention frame. In both promotion and prevention conditions, participants are randomly assigned to read the review in an easy- or hard-to-read font. To test our hypotheses, we will employ a 2 (easy vs. hard) x 2 (promotion vs. prevention) ANOVA. In addition, to understand the rationale of consumers’ making evaluation on reviews, we ask participants to use information contained in the review to write a short description of the product. So that, we will be able to capture participants’ thinking mode. Also, we ask participants to rate review valence (1 = very negative, 7 = very positive) and describe their feelings after reading the review, in order to examine if framing would result in different feelings. Then, we analyze these self-reported responses, in attempts to determine either participants’ mind-set (concrete vs. abstract) or their feelings (positive vs. negative) would be more prevalent when they process and evaluate the review. A mediational analysis will be conducted to explore the mechanisms underlying consumers’ perception of review helpfulness. DISCUSSION The aim of this research is to test whether fluency and framing would influence perceived online review helpfulness. Also, our research is designed to explore the interplay of fluency and framing in review perception. The completed work will present empirical results to demonstrate the roles of fluency and framing in consumers’ review evaluations, through the three experiments as proposed. Theoretically, our research will contribute to existing literature by addressing the effects of fluency and framing on consumer decision making, in the context of online marketing communications. Practically, our research will provide insights for marketers and consumers to engage in communications via online review systems. Given that fluency and framing are considered as salient cues to influence consumer decisions, marketers should learn how to leverage these factors while shaping the framework in which online product information is created and shared by consumers.

Products are successfully designed only when they are in accord with the users’ emotional needs. A systematic research approach is aimed to propose that physiological metrics can be effectively used to assess user emotion and behavior intention based on an eye tracker and neurophysiological approach. Forty participants (20 males and 20 females, mean age=35.6, SD=6.38, range 21-48 years), were recruited from college campuses and communities to conduct an eye tracker and electroencephalography (EEG) experiment with the presented stimuli (images of SUVs). The study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the model hypotheses. The results show a strong and significant relationship between eye tracker metrics, neurophysiological metrics, user affective responses, and behavior intention. These findings could enable industrial counselors, professional product designers, and academics to categorize users’ emotional needs that can be subsequently incorporated into final product design.

Despite the recent promising findings on the influence of social media engagement on brand performance outcomes (e.g., De Vries & Carlson, 2014), researchers suggest that consumer engagement in social media sites requires a deeper understanding (Islam & Rahman, 2016). To respond to this call, we conducted this research to examine an important, yet under-researched, question on the underlying mechanism by which consumer engagement on social media drive improved brand performance. In this research, we develop and empirically test a conceptual model to investigate the relationships among consumer engagement, psychological brand ownership, brand loyalty, brand performance, and consumer’s word of mouth (WOM) in the context of social media. The findings suggest that consumer engagement influences brand outcomes through its indirect impact on consumers’ psychological ownership of the brand. When consumers engage themselves with the brand at social media sites, they tend to form bonds with the brand and develop a sense of community, of which they feel they are a part. Feelings of ownership motivate consumers to care for and nurture the growth of the brand, which manifests itself in terms of brand loyalty, positive word of mouth, and improved brand performance. The focus of consumer engagement in social media communities provides convincing evidence to support the benefits of using social media to connect with consumers. This research offers promising insights on how relationship with a brand can help create sense of community and feelings of ownership among consumers, which in turn drives better brand performance.

Introduction The study chooses smartphone applications which have update experience as the study case to analysis if it will cause customer attrition. Application updates aims to make up the bugs which may cause bad effects on using, while in fact, most changes will be resisted by customers. We adapt three elements to collect data about the attitude of customers toward applications update, the conclusion illustrates, customers will resist changes in some conditions and cause customers attrition. Therefore, application developers should focus on the personal emotional reaction and cognitive evolution as well as predict what may influence the customers normal use after the applications update to make correct update decisions. In order to define the relationship between variable and result., we take smartphone application which had experienced update as examples and choose fsQCA as the methodology to analysis. Literature Review Resistance to change is a psychological process, Brehm（1966）claims customers resist to change origins from their believe that they have rights to control free, when this rights be challenged, this resistance behavior will happen due to they want to protect their own rights. Some scholars distinguished the concept of resistance to change: when receptors in the low involvement or limited cognize, their resistance behaviors is likely to be considered as the passive resistance; otherwise, the behaviors would be recognized as active resistance (Nabih,1997). Bagozz and Lee（1999) think that functional barrier is an important factors which influence the degree of innovation receptance, when customers think products after update cannot meet their function needs will cause resistance to change. Resistance always occur passively, bemuse of the disturb of the former habits of using (Ram &Sheth 1989), and former studies also indicate that prejudice towards changes is one of significant factors. Because changes are uncertainty, Fiske and Taylor（1991）claims that uncertainty can make people hate changes and Whitson and Galinsky（2008）consider aversion will be the strong driver of resistance to change to reduce uncertainty and risk. In terms of a company, the cost of maintaining a old customer is much lower than these of develop a new user, Actually, customer attrition is response of entrepreneur revenue and the vital section in development of companies. The famous american honesty management scholar Frederic Reichheld’s research indicates that when the extension of the commercial relationship of entrepreneur and customers, companies can acquire fatter profit through the relationship. Conclusions This study chooses fsQCA as methodology to define the relationship between resistance to change and customer attrition instead of using structural equation modeling. Sometimes, even customers have right cognitive evolution towards changes, when they find their efficiency be influenced by it, they also resist to change; while adverse emotional reaction also has an adverse effect on customer retention though they build positive cognitive evolution about changes. there is a remain circumstance of lossing of customers that when customers hate changes and they find their efficiency be influenced by update, the honesty of this product will also decrease. This three condition all contribute to customers attrition which should be paid more attention by companies.

This study discusses how firm-customer interactions impact customer engagement behaviors in the area of hospitality and tourism services. In the current study, two research questions are raised to answer: 1) what values are perceived by customers through firm-customer interactions during various service encounters? 2) how customer engagement behaviors are led by the customer perceived values? To test the proposed model, a quantitative approach is adopted. Amazon Mechanical Turk is used as data collection platform to collect responses with the aid of Qualtrics as questionnaire development tool. To reach the maximum scope of hospitality and tourism services, hotel guests, restaurant patrons, travelers, airline customers, and theme park travelers are included in the sample. This study adopts a quantitative approach to investigate the factors that contribute to the varied customer engagement behaviors (i.e. online ratings, online reviews, online blogging, and customer-to-customer interactions). Successful industry practices demonstrate that customer engagement brings many benefits and opportunities to maintain business sustainability and profitability.

Marketing and information systems research has a long history of studying the customer’s acceptance and adoption process of new technologies (Venkatesh et al., 2003). These studies are often motivated by the potential of new technologies such as smart home systems to improve our everyday life. To benefit from these technologies, individuals have to accept them in the first place. To better understand the acceptance process, scholars regularly employ various theories in their studies such as technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989), innovation diffusion theory (Rogers 2003), and perceived risk theory (Featherman and Pavlou, 2003). Although each of these theories provides valuable insights, only recently scholars started combining them in larger framework and examining their interrelationships. These studies argue that each theory has the potential to make a unique contribution to understanding of technology acceptance, but the combination of theories leads to novel insights. The purpose of this study is the development of a comprehensive adoption model combining constructs from various theories and testing these theories against each other to provide new insights. The study develops this model in a smart home applications context which is a complex technological system. The study is based on an online survey consisting of 409 participants; the data is analyzed using structural equation modelling.

This study applies optimization-based algorithm to develop combination classification methods. We propose a genetic algorithm-based combination classification method of multiple decision trees to improve predictive accuracy, optimize classification rules, and interpret classification results. The basic algorithm for decision tree has been constructed in a top-down recursive divide-and-conquer manner. Based on different split measures (attribute selection measures), different decision tree algorithms can be produced, and then multiple decision trees can be formed. We proposed the parallel combination model of multiple decision trees. On top of the combination model, multiple decision trees are parallel combined. Each decision tree produces its own classification rules according to training samples from which one can present the classification result using probability distribution of target class label. At the bottom, the classification result of each decision tree serves as the input for combination algorithm in producing classification result and rules for the combination model. Combination algorithm adopts weighted summation of the outputs of probability measurement levels from individual decision trees, while genetic algorithm optimizes connection weight matrix. Finally the target class label with the largest probability output value is selected as the decision result for combination classification methods. The proposed method is applied to the issues of customer credit rating assessment and customer response behaviour pattern recognition in CRM. From the simulation results it is concluded that the proposed method has higher predictive accuracy than single decision tree. Moreover, it retains good interpretability and optimizes classification rules.

The warm recycling technology has been increasingly used in many countries due to the environmental and financial benefits. In this study, the rheological and fatigue performance evolutions of warm-mix recycled asphalt materials during the secondary service period were evaluated in two scales, mixture and fine aggregate matrix (FAM). A laboratory simulation method was proposed to produce warm-mix recycled asphalt binders with various long-term aging levels for the mixture and FAM tests. The dynamic shear rheometer temperature and frequency sweep test and time sweep test were conducted to characterize the rheological and fatigue behavior of FAMs, respectively. The rheological and fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures were measured by the dynamic modulus test and semi-circular bending test, respectively. Effects of aging levels and recycling plans on different pavement performance were investigated. Performance correlations between the mixture and FAM were finally investigated by the statistical method. It is found that the secondary long-term aging causes the continuous increase in the stiffness and decrease in the viscoelasticity level in each material scale, indicating the improvement of the rutting resistance and the reduction of the fatigue resistance. The warm mix asphalt technology plays a positive role in the fatigue performance with a loss of the rutting resistance. Using the styrene butadiene rubber latex can improve different pavement performance within the whole time-temperature domain. Good performance correlations between the mixture and FAM are developed, indicating that the FAM may be the critical material scale for evaluating the rheological and fatigue performance of warm-mix recycled asphalt pavements.

Comprehensive calculations of the Rh decoration effect on zigzag CNTs with n ranging from 7 to 12 were conducted in this work to understand the effect of Rh doping on geometric structures and electronic behaviors upon metallic and semiconducting CNTs. The obtained results indicated that Rh dopant not only contributes to the deformation of C-C bonds on the sidewall of CNTs, but also transforms the electron distribution of related complexes, thereby leading to a remarkable increase of the conductivity of pure CNTs given the emerged novel state within the energy gap for metallic CNTs and the narrowed energy gap for semiconducting CNTs. Our calculations will be meaningful for exploiting novel CNT-based materials with better sensitivity to electrons and higher electrical conductivity compared with pure CNTs.

The rapid developments of research and teaching of international law in China have attracted the attention of international law academics of the world, who have looked over the landscape of international law in China with great interest. Unfortunately, existing literature has yet to completely satisfy their interests in this aspect. This article is intended to compensate for this gap by introducing representative international lawyers, publications, academic associations and research funding schemes on international law in China. More concretely, this paper will show the mainstream research sources of their Chinese counterparts as well as embrace teaching as part of the research system of international law in China. It is expected that, with their more attention into the holistic research methodology and the “One Belt, One Road” strategy, the Chinese academia of international law will contribute more to the international rule of law.

The current scale of the import trade of the US with China is significant and has the potential to be more in near future. However, patent-based disputes, especially in terms of Section 337 investigation, have also been increased in recent years. In the context of parallel development of national innovation strategies of China’s “Made in China 2025 Plan” and the American “Advanced Manufacturing Partnership,” along with the latest expanded “Information Technology Agreement” in the WTO trading system, the implications for optimally resolving patent-based disputes in the US import trade with China is highly significant for two countries. These disputes may even impact the world trade, since bilateral trade between China and the US accounts for a considerable proportion. Thus, both China and the US should take precautions and appropriate measures to guard against such potential frictions in order to attain mutually beneficial outcomes in resolving such disputes.

The service life of coal gangue concrete(CGC) strongly depends on the capillary water absorption, this water absorption is susceptible to freeze-thaw cycles. In this paper, the cumulative water absorption and sorptivity were obtained to study the effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 % steel fiber volume fraction added on the water absorption of CGC. Sorptivity and freeze-thaw tests were conducted, and the capillary water absorption was evaluated by the rate of water absorption(sorptivity). Three prediction models for the initial sorptivity of steel fiber reinforced coal gangue concrete(SFRCGC) under freeze-thaw cycles were established to evaluate the capillary water absorption of SFRCGC. Results showed that, without freeze-thaw cycles, the water absorption of CGC decreased when steel fiber at 1.0 % volume fraction was added, however, the water absorption increased with the addition of 0.5 or 1.5% steel fibers. Once the SFRCGC specimens were exposed to freeze-thaw cycles, the water absorption of SFRCGC significantly increased, and 1.0 % steel fiber in volume fraction added to CGC caused the lowest water absorption, except for the case of the sample without steel fibers added. The CGC with steel fiber at 1.0 % volume fraction performed better. The SFRCGC has a strong response to freeze-thaw cycles. Results also showed that the linear function prediction model is practical in the field of engineering because of its simple form and a relatively high precision. Although the polynomial prediction model presents the highest computation precision among the three models, the complicated form and too many coefficients make it impractical for engineering applications.

A robust adaptive control approach is proposed for underactuated surface ship linear path-tracking control system based on the backstepping control method and Lyapunov stability theory. By employing T-S fuzzy system to approximate nonlinear uncertainties of the control system, the proposed scheme is developed by combining “dynamic surface control” (DSC) and “minimal learning parameter” (MLP) techniques. The substantial problems of “explosion of complexity” and “dimension curse” existed in the traditional backstepping technique are circumvented, and it is convenient to implement in applications. In addition, an auxiliary system is developed to deal with the effect of input saturation constraints. The control algorithm avoids the singularity problem of controller and guarantees the stability of the closed-loop system. The tracking error converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood. Finally, MATLAB simulation results are given from an application case of Dalian Maritime University training ship to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.