Recently, Ussur brown katydid outbreaks caused a serious pest problem in areas of Yeongdong, Chungbuk. This study was performed to control the pest with environment-friendly method. Trap was made of PET plastic bottles that easily found near farmhouse. Attractant materials such as oak (Quercus acutissima) leaf, fruits (peach, apple, grapefruit and pear) sarcocarp or its juices, rice wine (makgeolli) and fish meal were directly applied into the manufactured trap and investigated for the attraction efficacy compared with the funnel trap. During one day, manufactured trap (fish trap) attracted the Ussur brown katydid more than funnel trap. The efficacy of attractant materials were as follows: peach juice (32.7 adults)> rice wine+fish meal (31.3 adults) > rice wine (27.0 adults) > pear juice (19.0 adults) > apple juice (17.2 adults) > fish meal (16.7 adults) > grapefruit juice (14.4 adults) > oak leaf (2.3 adults). The attractive efficacy of fruit juices to ussur brown katydid was more than fruit carcocarps, and the trap hangover 1m in height more than that on ground. The composition of rice wine and fish meal prolonged its efficacy when treated with disinfectant.

The endogenous retrovirus-like elements (HERVs) found on several human chromosomes are somehow involved in gene regulation, especially during the transcription level. HERV-H, located on chromosome Xp22, may regulate gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in connection with diverse diseases. By suppression subtractive hybridization screen on SV40-immortalized lung fibroblast (WI-38 VA-13), we discovered that expression of HERV-HX2, a clustered HERV-H sequence on chromosome X, was upregulated in immortalized lung cells, compared to that of normal cells. Expression of HERV-HX2 was then analyzed in various cell lines, including normal somatic cells, cancer cells, SV40-immortalized cells, and undifferentiated and differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Expression of HERV-HX2 was specifically upregulated in continuously-dividing cells, such as cancer cells and SV40-immortalized cells. Especially, HERV-HX2 in HeLa cells was highly upregulated during the S phase of the cell cycle. Similar results were obtained in hES cells, in which undifferentiated cells expressed more HERV-HX2 mRNA than differentiated hES cells, including neural precursor and endothelial progenitor cells. Taken together, our results suggest that HERV-HX2 is upregulated in cancer cells and undifferentiated hES cells, whereas downregulated as differentiation progress. Therefore, we assume that HERV-HX2 may playa role on proliferation of cancer cells as well as differentiation of hES cells in the transcriptional level.

Ionizing radiation causes many alterations in photosynthetic machineries. However, there is no information about effects of ionizing radiation on the development of photosynthetic machineries in plants. We investigated the greening of etiolated mung bean

The Fokker-Planck (FP) model is one of the commonly used methods for studies of the dynamical evolution of dense spherical stellar systems such as globular clusters and galactic nuclei. The FP model is numerically stable in most cases, but we find that it encounters numerical difficulties rather often when the effects of tidal shocks are included in two-dimensional (energy and angular momentum space) version of the FP model or when the initial condition is extreme (e.g., a very large cluster mass and a small cluster radius). To avoid such a problem, we have developed a new integration scheme for a two-dimensional FP equation by adopting an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method given in the Douglas-Rachford split form. We find that our ADI method reduces the computing time by a factor of ~2 compared to the fully implicit method, and resolves problems of numerical instability.

Physicochemical qualities and consumer acceptability of chocolate layer cake were studied with varied levels of rosemary powder at 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%. The ash content of the cake increased from 2.30 to 3.10%, as the amount of rosemary powder increased from 0 to 0.6%, and the carbohydrate content of the cake decreased as the addition of rosemary powder increased. There were no significant differences in moisture contents and pH values among the samples and the pH values of all samples were within the typical pH range of 7.5-8.0 for chocolate， layer cakes. Water loss from the control cake was greater than that from the cakes with rosemary powder supporting the suggestion that the addition of rosemary powder to the chocolate layer cake could increase moisture retention of the cake. Consumer acceptability of all the samples showed higher prefierences of more than 7 points. Rosemary aroma, mint flavor and after taste were highly positively corrεlated with the fat content. Fat and ash content of the cake, which tended to increase in proportion to the rosemary powder content， were negatively correlated with acceptance of herb flavor, sweet taste, moistness， softness and intensity of softness but positivεly correlated with intensity of herb flavor. With the results above, trials on chocolate layer cake using rosemary powder were successfully performed within the ranges tested.

Cancer cure and survival rate related directly to the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. New techniques fOl ea rly screen system and diagnosis of normal and cancer a re required. Here, we investigate optical properties-based optical s igna tures of normal and cancer tissues that are different chemica lly and physically. At least 7 cases of each tissue type‘ including epidermis. dermis . subcutaneous fat. keratin pearl ‘ muscle, bone. skin. normal and cance r. were measured. As a result. difference in absorption, transmi ssion and reflectance of normal and cancer in oral tissue have the potential to pro vide for cancer screening. In particular. measuring transrnission in 400 nm to 800 nm (inclusive of 450 nmfor NADH. 540 nm 1'0 1' collagen) ‘ t his group noted a difference in auto-fluorescence spectra between normal and cancer specimens . We also noted that normal specimens are cha racterized by a slightly higher reflectance than cancer specimens in the 400 to 800nm And a bsorpt ion of normal is lower than cancer specimens. The diffe rences in transmission. refl ectance and absorpti on between normal and cancer s pecimens were statistically analyzed using student t-test. [n t his study. absor ption. t ransmi ssion and reflectance have been suggested as optimal for best discrirnination between normal and oral cancer specimen. We suggest that a optical integrating sphere is a useful tool for cancer sc reening. The results suggests the potentia l of an effec tive diagnosis system and accurate normal and cancerous tissue's optical coeffi cient

Cyclosporin A (CsA) plays an important role in clinical medicine and basic biology as an immunosuppressant and a mitochondrial permeability blocker, respectively. It was reported that CsA has a protective role by preventing apoptosis and promoting the proliferation in severed neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms for CsA-induced neuronal cell proliferation are unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the CsA-induced proliferation of PC12 cells. CsA increased the viability of PC12 cells in a dose(over 0.1~10 μM)-and time-dependent manner. The level of ROS generation was decreased in the CsA-treated PC12 cells. Expression of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic molecule that inhibits the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, was upregulated, whereas Bax, a proapototic molecule, was not changed in the CsA-treated PC12 cells. CsA downregulated the mRNA expression of VDAC 1 and VDAC 3, but VDAC 2 was not changed in the CsA-treated PC12 cells. The level of cytosolic cytochrome c released from the mitochondria and the caspase-3 activity were attenuated in the CsA-treated PC12 cells. These results suggest that the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signal and Bcl-2 family may play an important role in CsA-induced proliferation in PC12 cells.

Dysplasia-associated seizure disorders are markedly resistant to pharmacological intervention. Relatively little research has been conducted studying the effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs)on seizure activity in a rat model of dysplasia. We have used rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate(MAM) in utero, an animal model featuring nodular heterotopia, to investigate the effects of AEDs in the dysplastic brain. Pilocarpine was used to induce acute seizure in MAM-exposed and age-matched vehicle-injected control animals. Field potential recordings were used to monitor amplitude and numbers of population spikes, and paired pulse inhibition in response to stimulation of commissural pathway. Two commonly used AEDs were tested: diazepam 5, 2.5 mg/kg; phenytoin 40, 60 mg/kg. Diazepam(DZP) and phenytoin(PHT) reduced the amplitude of population spike in control and MAM-exposed rats. However, the amplitude of population spike was nearly eliminated in control rats as compared to the MAM-exposed rats. Pharmaco-resistance was tested by measuring seizure latencies in awake rats after pilocarpine administration(320 mg/kg, i.p.) with and without pretreatment with AEDs. Pre-treatment with PHT 60 mg prolonged seizure latency in control rats, but not in MAM-exposed animals. The main findings of this study are that acute seizures initiated in MAM-exposed rats are relatively resistant to standard AEDs assessed in vivo. These data suggest that animal model with cortical dysplasia can be used to screen the effects of potential AEDs.

In this paper, we have made the component-based development of observational software for KASI solar imaging spectrograph (KSIS) that is able to obtain three-dimensional imaging spectrograms by using a scanning mirror in front of the spectrograph slit. Since 2002, the KASI solar spectrograph has been successfully operated to observe solar spectra for a given slit region as well as to inspect the response functions of narrow band filters. To improve its capability, we have developed the KSIS that can perform sequential observations of solar spectra by simultaneously controlling the scanning mirror and the CCD camera via Visual C++. Main task of this paper is to introduce the development of the component-based software for KSIS. Each component of the software is reusable on the level of executable file instead of source code because the software was developed by using CBD (component-based development) methodology. The main advantage of such a component-based software is that key components such as image processing component and display component can be applied to other similar observational software without any modifications. Using this software, we have successfully obtained solar imaging spectra of an active region (AR 10708) including a small sunspot. Finally, we present solar Hα spectra (6562.81 Å) that were obtained at an active region and a quiet region in order to confirm the validity of the developed KSIS and its software.

This study was to taken to demonstrate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide(NO) on hu rnan pu lp cell s ‘ In volvement of cyclic 3’, 5' -monophosphate(cGMP) in p버 paJ protection induced by herne oxygenase-l (J-lO-l) against NO-induced cytotoxicity , By use of Western blotting and cell viabi lity assay, we have examined the cytotoxicity and J-lO-l induction in pulp cells that were treated with NO donor ‘ S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D, L-penici 1 lamine(SNAP) , We have assessed wheathel' HQ--l contributes the cytoprotective effect against the cytotoxicity caused by NO, and inves tigated the l'elationship between HO-l and cGMP in the s ignaling pathway, SNAP decreased cell via bility but in creased HO-l expl'ession in a concentl'ation- and time一dependent manner in hurnan pu lp cells NO-induced cyto toxicity was inhibited in the presence of the hemin(inducer of HO-l) , whel'eas was en hanced in the pl'esence zinc protoporphyrin IX(ZnPP IX, HO-l inhibitor), thus Lhe NO-induced cytoLoxicity was cOl'related with HO- l expression. R‘ etreatment with a rnemhrane-permeable cGMP analog, 8-bromo-cGMP, restored cell death and enhanced the HO-l protein expression induced by SNAP, ln contrast‘ inhibition of guanylate cyclase by lI-l -[1,2,4] ox adiazole[ 4,3 口]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ) pretreated pulp cells to 1 mM SNAP resulting in marked cytotoxicity , These findings , demonstrating a link between J-lO-l, regulated thl'ough the cGMP system and NO-induced cytotox.icity in huma띠 p버 p ceJls , suggesti ng a protective 1'ole of HO-l in pulp infl ammatory disease