Fungi belonging to the Paecilomyces spp. have recently been used as food and herbal medicines in Korea and are greatly popular as commercially available powdered supplement or dried fruiting body. Despite this acceptance and its use, little is known of the genes related to its reactive agents. Presently, We have constructed an olig-d(T) primed directional cDNA library from the silkworm Dongchunghacho, an entomopathogenic fungus, of which species is belonging to Paecilomyces spp. based on the previous identification of ITS1 and ITS2 at the molecular level and collected from Jocheon Miryang, Korea. To isolate and screen genes in the fungus, 626 expressed sequence tags(ESTs) were generated by a partial sequencing from the cDNA library. cDNA encoding the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(Pt-GAPDH) of Paecilomyces tenuipes- Jocheon was cloned from the above cDNA library. The complete cDNA sequence of Pt-GAPDH is comprised of 1,014bp encoding 338 amino acid residues. The deduced protein sequence of Pt-GAPDH showed higher homology with Beauberia bassiana-GAPDH(93% amino acid identity). Hydropathy analysis revealed that Pt-GAPDH protein is hydrophilic. The major three amino acids in its composition of amino acid residues were alanine(11.54%), valine(9.47%) and glycine(8.88%). The Pt-GAPDH gene of Paecilomyces tenuipes entomopathogenic fungus consisted of three exons and two introns coding for 338 amino acid residues, and the genomic DNA length of the gene spans 1302bp. The accession number of the gene in GenBank are GU997099 for Pt-GAPDH cDNA and GU997102 for Pt-GAPDH genomic DNA. More investigation works including gene expression, immunological analysis etc. will be carried continuously without hesitation after this presentation.

In the present study, we have developed a high-frequency plant regeneration system for Italian ryegrass via callus culture using mature seeds as explants. Optimal embryogenic callus induction was found to occur in MS medium containing 5 ㎎ 1?¹ 2,4-D, 0.5 ㎎ 1?¹ BA, 500 ㎎ 1?¹ L-proline, 1 g 1?¹ casein hydrolysate, 30 g 1?¹ sucrose, 7 ㎎ 1?¹ AgNO₃, 2 ㎎ 1?¹ CuSO₄ and solidified with 3 g 1?¹ Gelrite. The highest regeneration rate was obtained in MS medium containing 1 ㎎ 1?¹ 2,4-D, 5 ㎎ 1?¹ BA, 500 ㎎ 1?¹ L-proline, 1 g 1?¹ casein hydrolysate, 1 ㎎ 1?¹ thiamine-HCl, 30 g 1?¹ sucrose, 7 ㎎ 1?¹ AgNO₃, 2 ㎎ 1?¹ CuSO₄ and solidified with 3 g 1?¹ Gelrite. By using the most effective treatment determined for each parameter, the highest rates of embryogenic callus formation (48.9%) and regeneration (47.6%) were obtained with the Hwasan 101 cultivar. The overall plant regeneration rates of the examined cultivars ranged from 7.5% to 23.2%. Thus, optimization of regeneration frequency using mature seeds as explant material may offer a simple and efficient protocol for Italian ryegrass that may improve molecular breeding of this species.

In the present study, genotypic variation of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Korean Italian ryegrass has been evaluated. Mature seed-derived calli of a total of seven cultivars were infected and co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the binary vector pCAMBIA1301, which contains a reporter gene (gus) and a plant selectable marker gene conferring resistance to hygromycin (hpt) in the T-DNA region. The effects of several factors such as callus type and callus age on transformation frequency and the expression of the GUS gene were investigated. The highest transformation frequency (6.7%) was obtained with the Hwasan 101 cultivar when 9-week-old calli (type-I) were inoculated with Agrobacterium. The overall transformation rates of the examined cultivars ranged from 0.4% to 6.7%. GUS histochemical assays, PCR, and southern analysis of transgenic plants demonstrated that transgenes were successfully integrated into the genome of Italian ryegrass. Thus, optimization of transformation frequency and selection of a suitable cultivar of Italian ryegrass may improve molecular breeding of this species.

A full genomic DNA microarray technique was employed to investigate the effects of Dongchunghacho on aortal and hepatic gene expression in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Male 8- week - old ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups, control(high cholesterol group; HC) and supplementation of Dongchunghacho (SD). All of the mice were fed a high-fet/high cholesterol diet with or without Dongchunghacho supplemented by 1% for 6 weeks. At first, lipid profile of the Dongchunghacho was measured by biochemical analysis. No differences were observed in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between the two groups. Antigenotoxic effect of the Dongchunghacho was measured by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) and quantified as % fluorescence in tail. Dongchunghacho supplementation decreased significantly leukocytic DNA damage and also there was a tendency of reduction in hepatic DNA damage in Dongchunghacho group compared with the control group. In up regulated genes in liver and aorta of the mice, genes with 0 to 2- fold difference in expression level between the two group (HD and SD) was very much more in liver than in aorta, on the contrary, those with 2-fold to 16-flod difference increased greatly rather in aorta than in liver. Also, almost the same results were observed in down regulated genes in liver and aorta between the two groups. These results suggested that supplementation of Dongchunghacho might be helpful in preventing leukocytic DNA damage induced by high fat diet, and has a more crucial roles in aortal gene expression.

The Tribe Prosternini of the subfamily Dendrometrinae comprises approximately 530 species in 39 genera through the world. Especially about 250 species in 20 genera with 13 subgenera has been known in the Palaearctic region. In process of the taxonomic study on the members belonging to this tribe in Korea, the authors recognized a new genus including to three new species. This new genus has close affinities with species of the genera Acteniceromorphus Kishii 1955, Liotricus Kiesenwetter 1858, and Actenicerus Kiesenwetter 1858. The novel genus differs from mostly allied to the genus Acteniceromorphus in its specialized paramere shape in the male genitalia, lacking unicarina on the pronotal hind angles, and the character state of the prosternal process. This presentation is given that above four genera including the new genus from Korea are compared to discuss their place in classification by basis of morphological information.

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)이 폴리술폰 한외여과 막, 술폰화된 폴리에테르술폰, 폴리아미드 나노 막 위에 코팅된 나노 복합막을 가압법에 의해서 제조되었다. PVA는 글루터알데하이드 수용액으로 가교되었다. 모든 지지층위에 PVA 희박용액이 성공적으로 코팅되어 나노복합막이 제조되었다. 지지막 위의 친수화도가 높아짐에 따라 수투과 유량이 증가하였다. 특히 음하전을 띠는 폴리아미드 나노 복합막의 제타전위는 PVA로 코팅함으로서 감소되었다. 막 오염 실험은 양이온을 띠는 계면활성제, 휴민산, 휴민산과 칼슘이온 복합체 및 bovine serum albumin을 사용하여 실행하였다. PVA로 코팅되지 않은 폴리아미드 나노복합막은 각각의 오염물질에 의해서 심하게 오염되었다. 휴민산과 단백질에 의한 오염은 오염물질의 등전점에서 가장 심하게 발생하였다. 휴민산에 이가 양이온을 첨가함으로서 오염이 심각하게 일어났다. PVA 수용액으로 폴리아미드 나노 복합막을 코팅함으로서 막 오염이 감소되었다. PVA로 코팅된 폴리아미드 나노 복합막은 산, 염기용액에 대해 저항성을 보였다.

비대칭 폴리비닐리덴플루오라이드(PVDF) 막을 상전환법으로 제조하였다. 도포용액은 PVDF를 용매인 N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)와 비용매인 1,4-dioxane, diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (DGDE), acetone, (equation omitted)-butyrolactone(GBL)의 혼합용매에 녹여서 제조한다. 여러 첨가제가 도포용액 특성, 투과특성과 막 구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 응고제인 물과 1,4-dioxane, DGDE, acetone과의 상용성이 NMP보다 낮아서 기공크기가 작아진다. 첨가제의 양을 조절하여 기공크기를 변화시켰다. 혼합용매(수계 및 비수계)가 막의 투과성능에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 용액점도뿐만 아니라 표면장력도 용매 투과특성에 영향을 끼침을 알 수 있었다.

통합형 비대칭 폴리아크릴로니트릴(PAN) 한외여과막의 기공크기를 줄이기 위하여 아닐링을 하였다. 두 종류 PAN 고분자(단일중합체와 공중합체)의 화학적 구조가 아닐링에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. PAN 고분자의 아닐링은 고분자의 화학적 구조에 큰 영향을 받는다. 공중합체가 단일중합체에 비해서 덜 강직한 구조를 지니므로 아닐링에 훨씬 큰 영향을 받는다. 아닐링을 실시하기 전에 고분자 내에 잔존하는 용매의 완벽한 제거를 위하여 분리막을 물 속에서 예열 처리하였다. 예열처리를 하지 않은 경우가 아닐링 효과가 더 컸다. 높은 온도에서 아닐링 하기 전에 예열을 하면 기공크기의 증가를 가져 왔다. 막의 표면은 약간 음전하를 띠었고 PAN 나노막의 염배제율은 다음과 같은 순서로 측정되었다: R(Na₂SO₄) > R(NaCl) > R(MgSO₄) > R(CaCl₂). Donnan 평형과 전기중성도에 의해서 염제거 거동을 설명하였다.

We analyzed the high resolution H,6 line spectra of CH Cygni obtained at the Bohyunsan Astronomical Observatory (BOAO) on April 2004. The temporal changes in the Hβ line profiles are reported. We obtained the equivalent widths of the Gaussian components. Using this we estimated the length of the gaseous nebula which emits the Hβ line and the mass loss rate from the star.

We present UBVI CCD photometry of the stellar contents and globular cluster(GC) candidates in the spiral galaxy NGC 300 in the Sculptor group. Color-magnitude diagrams for 18 OB associations having more than 30 member stars are presented. The slope of the initial mass function for the bright stars in NGC 300 is estimated to be Γ = -2.6 ± 0.3. Assuming the distance to NGC 300 of (m - M)o = 26.53 ± 0.07, the mean absolute magnitude of three brightest blue stars is obtained to be < MvBSG (3) > = -8.95 mag. We have performed search for GCs in NGC 300 and have found 17 GC candidates in this galaxy. Some characteristics of these GC candidates are discussed.