This paper aims to contribute to the developing literature of brand attachment and detachment theory, in the context of harsh economic conditions. The Cognitive Appraisal Theory and the Attachment Theory are brought to bear in order to describe and explain consumer shifting patronage decisions.

This paper aims to illuminate the relationship between economic recessions and advertising messages. A content analysis of 1720 television commercials indicated that during the severe economic recession in Greece, advertisers communicated more rational appeals and placed emphasis on creative devices that enhance understanding, learning and recall of message content.

한국산 금좀벌아과의 4종 Diglochis sylvicola (Walker), Lariophagus obtusus Kamijo, Mokrzeckia lazoensis Tselikh, Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead과 가시금좀벌아과 아과의 4종 Lamprotatus duplicatus (Kamijo), L. hikosanus (Kamijo), Stictomischus momoii Kamijo, S. scaposus Thomson을 처음 보고한다. 이 중 3속 Diglochis Förster, Paracarotomus Ashmead, Stictomischus Thomson 은 한국에 처음 보고되는 속이다. 본 논문에서는 한국산 금좀벌아과와 가시금좀벌아과의 속 검색표와 진단 형질의 사진을 제공하였다.

Seamless transfer of electronic information/data between ship-to-shore and vice versa and between ship-to-ship and shore-to-shore is being developed in the IMO e-Navigation strategy implementation plan (SIP). We have been focused on wireless LAN for ship-to-ship radiocommunication. In a former field radiocommunication trial, omni-directional antennas were used and a few hundred kbps throughput between two ships was measured, which was not enough for our research target (over 1Mbps). In order to get faster throughput, a field radiocommunication trial was carried out again with a few types of directional antennas and RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) and the throughput between two ships was measured simultaneously. As a result, multi-path (2-path) model affected by the reflection of the sea surface was confirmed and also the characteristics of the directional antennas such as half-power angle were confirmed, but the measured throughput was fast enough to meet our expectation.

The high plateaus in west China may provide suitable sites for astronomical observations with the institute's middle-range telescopes and possibly with larger telescopes. Under China-Japan collaborations for site survey in west China, we have been conducting searches for good sites and monitoring their characteristics over several years. As recent results of our site survey show, sites in west Tibet are revealed with a high possibility of good astronomical observations. Weather characteristics at Gar in Ali, Tibet, show its high clear-sky ratios, especially in winter, com- parable to Mauna Kea, Hawaii. But it has some wind problem in winter, where stronger wind speeds, over 20m/sec, occur frequently even though the sky is clear. To find calmer sites, we have conducted numerical simulations for the Ali area using the Japan Meteorological Agency NonHydrostatic Model. We have found another site, named ZoZo Hill, near Gar. We will continue to monitor the Gar site to clarify weather characteristics over the whole year and hopefully start to negotiate for site monitoring at ZoZo Hill this year.

The Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center (HASC) was founded in 2004 at Hiroshima University, Japan. The main mission of this institute is the observational study of various transient objects includ- ing gamma-ray bursts, supernovae, novae, cataclysmic variables, and active galactic nuclei by means of multi-wavelength observations. HASC consists of three divisions; the optical-infrared astronomy divi- sion, high-energy astronomy division, and theoretical astronomy division. HASC is operating the 1.5m optical-infrared telescope Kanata, which is dedicated to follow-up and monitoring observations of transient objects. The high-energy division is the key operation center for the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope. HASC and the high-energy astronomy group in the department of physical science at Hiroshima University are closely collaborating with each other to promote multi-wavelength time-domain astronomy. We report the recent activities of HASC and some science topics pursued by this multi-wavelength collaboration.

We have been performing daily VLBI monitoring of the ux density of Sagittarius (Sgr) A* at 22 GHz from February 2013 to August 2014 using a sub-array of the Japanese VLBI Network (JVN). The purpose of this monitoring is to explore the ux density variability at daily time resolution for a period longer than one year with the G2 cloud approaching. The ux density of Sgr A* is basically stable during the observational period, though there are some small variations. The average and scattering range are consistent with the previously observed values. We have observed no strong are of Sgr A* although it is near the expected peri-center passing.