As a language writing symbol inherited by the Chinese nation for nearly a thousand years, Chinese characters have obvious ideographic characteristics, and the components of Chinese characters play an important role at the ideographic level. Different components are combined with each other to jointly participate in the overall formation meaning of Chinese characters. Therefore, the interpretation of the shape and meaning of Chinese characters is naturally inseparable from the study of components. After the development and evolution of Chinese characters in the past dynasties, both the overall shape and the partial components of the characters have changed over time. Modern Chinese characters use common regular script. If we trace and explore its specific components in combination with past dynasties, it is not difficult to find that the meaning and source of the component itself may be more than one. In modern Chinese characters, there are a large number of Chinese characters with component “口”. In most cases, the component “口” plays the formation meaning function of “mouth”. However, if we trace the origin of the Chinese characters containing the component “口” and start from the early forms of the relevant Chinese characters, we can discover a variety of formation meaning functions of the component “口” except "mouth". Through research, this paper finds that the modern Chinese character component “口” not only means “mouth”, but also has other formation meaning functions such as “ware”, “symbol” and “range”. For the research on the origin of the formation meaning of the Chinese character component “口”, the related academic achievements still need to be improved. This paper has the significance value of exploring and improving the multiple functions of the specific components.

Punishment is an important method for the ruling class to discipline criminals and alert people. According to historical records, a systematic punishment system was already existent during the Xia Dynasty. The “Ancient Five Punishments” recorded in Book of Documents occupies an important position in ancient Chinese punishments. Because they were all corporal punishment and the execution methods were extremely cruel so they were abolished in the Han Dynasty. The execution process of corporal punishment depends on the use of various knives. Therefore, punishment in ancient China is closely related to the “knife”. Shuo Wen Jie Zi contains a large number of Chinese characters related to punishment, and they are closely related to the “Ancient Five Punishments”. “刵（Er）”, as an ear-cutting penalty, can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty or even earlier, and has similar meaning with the words “聝(Guo)” and “取（Q u）”. “㓷（Yi）” and “劓(Yi)” are variants of each other, and they were widely used as a penalty for cutting the nose only before the Han Dynasty. “刖(Yue)” means the punishment of cutting the legs, which has same meaning with the words “剕(Fei)” and “跀(Yue)”, but it was different from the word of “膑(Bin)” though they have similar meaning. The three characters “ (Xing)”, “刭(Jing)” and “刎(Wen)” can be explained by each other, and they all refer to the punishment of beheading. “罚(Fa)” means punishment for minor crimes. This word and the word of “刑(Xing)” meaning the punishment for serious crimes constitute the phrase of “刑罚(Xingfa)” in Chinese.