The “古今釋林” (Gugjin Seoknim) compiled by the Korean scholar Yi Yifeng (1732-1801) is a comprehensive and systematic compilation of various language dictionaries from the pre-19th century Joseon period that recorded Hanja (Chinese character) vocabulary. This analysis focuses on the entries found in “古今 釋林·東韓譯語·釋親”, which includes words related to Hanja characters. These entries consist of words that have the same literal meaning as their Hanja characters, such as “阿父, 别室”, words that borrow Hanja characters’ phonetics for annotation, like “阿兒, 南人”, and words that borrow Hanja characters’ forms and meanings to create vocabulary expressing native Korean culture, like “兩主, 冷背拜”. This paper investigates the phonetic Hanja character words borrowed for annotation in the Korean language and combines them with phonetic analysis, revealing the transitional phase of using Hanja for phonetic representation and the coexistence of Hanja and the Korean language during that time. The adaptation of Hanja characters’ forms and meanings to create Korean terms enriches our understanding of the Hanja vocabulary created during the Joseon period. By comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences in the meanings and definitions of Hanja characters in both Korean and Chinese, this study offers a deeper and more comprehensive analysis of the diversity of Hanja’s usage during the Joseon period and its impact on modern Chinese and modern Korean.

Written during the reign of King Sukjong of the Joseon Dynasty, Yeyi Language Jiejie is the earliest existing book of Yeyi Language Jiejie, and it is also a modern Chinese textbook. It contains rich words in modern Chinese. The book classifies the words in categories such as astronomy, season and climate, and uses Korean translation and phonetic transcription to complement textbooks in various languages. The 17th and 18th centuries were the period with the highest frequency of epidemic diseases in China. There are 94 “diseases” words in the book. By analyzing the specific symptoms of “diseases” words, these words are reclassified into 10 categories. Such as “clinical symptoms” category, “infectious diseases” category, “neurological diseases” category, “metabolic diseases” category, “venereal diseases” category, “parasites” category, “acute” category, “surgical diseases” category and others. It is found that the changes of “disease” are relatively conservative, and most of the words are still in use in modern Chinese. In addition, there are 34 dissimilar words in the category of “disease”. According to the changes of the font components of the 34 dissimilar words, this paper divides them into 11 types, such as: brushsaving change, same deformation of strokes, same replacement of strokes, brushsaving replacement, additional replacement, additional stroke, saving stroke, reducing stroke, replacement and deformation.

As a language writing symbol inherited by the Chinese nation for nearly a thousand years, Chinese characters have obvious ideographic characteristics, and the components of Chinese characters play an important role at the ideographic level. Different components are combined with each other to jointly participate in the overall formation meaning of Chinese characters. Therefore, the interpretation of the shape and meaning of Chinese characters is naturally inseparable from the study of components. After the development and evolution of Chinese characters in the past dynasties, both the overall shape and the partial components of the characters have changed over time. Modern Chinese characters use common regular script. If we trace and explore its specific components in combination with past dynasties, it is not difficult to find that the meaning and source of the component itself may be more than one. In modern Chinese characters, there are a large number of Chinese characters with component “口”. In most cases, the component “口” plays the formation meaning function of “mouth”. However, if we trace the origin of the Chinese characters containing the component “口” and start from the early forms of the relevant Chinese characters, we can discover a variety of formation meaning functions of the component “口” except "mouth". Through research, this paper finds that the modern Chinese character component “口” not only means “mouth”, but also has other formation meaning functions such as “ware”, “symbol” and “range”. For the research on the origin of the formation meaning of the Chinese character component “口”, the related academic achievements still need to be improved. This paper has the significance value of exploring and improving the multiple functions of the specific components.

China was a slave society in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. There are many words about slaves in the existing oracle bone inscriptions.By observing the form of these characters, we can understand their meanings and the cultural meanings contained in them. This paper selects five characters: wei, li, xi, pu and qiang,and analyzes the structure of its oracle bone inscriptions or bronze inscriptions.This paper analyzes the cultural implication of the slaves in the Shang and Zhou dynasties from the characteristics of the slaves' foreign clothing, the characteristics of the slaves' foreign nationality, the methods and ways of the slaves‘ capture, the punishment of the slaves and the unique human sacrifice of the slaves. In the analysis of this paper, “Wei” has evolved from the totem worship of primitive tribes to an important costume feature representing the identity of slaves. “Li” contains the history of the slave‘s resistance to escape under the pressure of slavery. “Xi” is related to the custom of braiding hair of slaves of different nationalities in Shang and Zhou dynasties. Through the structure of “Xi”, we can see the punishment of slaves in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. “Qiang” is the most obvious expression of the bloody slavery system and slaves can not have the essential characteristics of human rights.

Punishment is an important method for the ruling class to discipline criminals and alert people. According to historical records, a systematic punishment system was already existent during the Xia Dynasty. The “Ancient Five Punishments” recorded in Book of Documents occupies an important position in ancient Chinese punishments. Because they were all corporal punishment and the execution methods were extremely cruel so they were abolished in the Han Dynasty. The execution process of corporal punishment depends on the use of various knives. Therefore, punishment in ancient China is closely related to the “knife”. Shuo Wen Jie Zi contains a large number of Chinese characters related to punishment, and they are closely related to the “Ancient Five Punishments”. “刵（Er）”, as an ear-cutting penalty, can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty or even earlier, and has similar meaning with the words “聝(Guo)” and “取（Q u）”. “㓷（Yi）” and “劓(Yi)” are variants of each other, and they were widely used as a penalty for cutting the nose only before the Han Dynasty. “刖(Yue)” means the punishment of cutting the legs, which has same meaning with the words “剕(Fei)” and “跀(Yue)”, but it was different from the word of “膑(Bin)” though they have similar meaning. The three characters “ (Xing)”, “刭(Jing)” and “刎(Wen)” can be explained by each other, and they all refer to the punishment of beheading. “罚(Fa)” means punishment for minor crimes. This word and the word of “刑(Xing)” meaning the punishment for serious crimes constitute the phrase of “刑罚(Xingfa)” in Chinese.

조선시대 중국어 학습서에는 당시 중국 어휘의 발음을 諺文으로 표기하고 있다. 그러나 한국어 어음체계에 익숙한 한국인은 중국어 발음을 한국어로 표기함에 모국어의 영향을 받아 일정한 인지한계와 표기제한이 발생하게 된다. 중국 漢語의 어음변천내용을 고찰함에 중요한 근거로 활용되는 한국의 對音자료는 표음체계에 대한 충분한 분석과 이해가 전제되어야 정확한 자료의 가치가 제고된다. 본 논문에서는 『譯語類解』右音에 나타나는 ‘ㅗ’의 표기대상을 漢語 어음변천 자료를 토대로 분석한다. 이를 통해 조선시대 중국어 학습서의 표기법에 대한 신중한 접근과 표기내용에 대한 再考의 필요성을 확인한다.