Biliary stent migration is one of the late complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Most of the biliary stent migration is asymptomatic and successfully managed by stent removal. A 66-year-old man with unresectable pancreatic cancer, common bile duct obstruction, and duodenal third portion obstruction underwent endoscopic plastic biliary stent placement and duodenal uncovered metallic stent placement in two separate sessions. After 3 weeks from the duodenal stenting, he presented with hematemesis. Urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging showed hemobilia. The patient recovered with conservative managements. Cross-sectional imagings done 2 months later demonstrated the penetration of the biliary stent into portal vein. Here, we present a case of delayed hemobilia caused by penetration of biliary plastic stent into the portal vein.

Background/Aim: In gallbladder cancer (GBC), gender differences in incidence and mortality rates have been reported with geographic variation. However, there is little known about sex-related difference in GBC prognosis. This study compares prognostic factors according to gender for GBC. Methods: We searched clinicopathological factors in all stages of 952 GBC patients from seven medical centers in Korea. A total of 927 patients were enrolled and surgery with curative resection was performed in 499 patients. Results: Carbohydrate antigen (≥37 U/mL) was a significant prognostic factor in both females and males (odd ratio [OR], 4.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.13-5.89; p<0.001). Age was a significant factor only in female patients, elderly patients were associated with low resectability and the likelihood of T-stage >2; an independent predictor of poor prognosis via multivariate analysis (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05; p=0.005, OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08; p=0.002). Body mass index (BMI) also showed gender difference, and lower BMI (≤25 kg/m2) was the significant good indicator of multivariate analysis for lymph node metastasis in female patients (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.77; p=0.005) but, the significant poor indicator of univariate analysis for advanced T-stage in male (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.40-5.54; p=0.003). Conclusions: These results suggest that there is a possibility of gender difference in GBC prognosis. Age and high BMI were poor prognostic factors for curative resection for female GBC patients.

The vegetated porous pavement can be installed as an alternative way to replace the traditional pavement, which contributes less to the water circulation system in the urban area. This study aims to an investigation based on the shadow and pressure of the vehicle system, where the turfgrass get grown and the green block get constructed on the grassy parking lot. This study might achieve these conclusions, in the case of use ‘green block’ makes grass parking lot, plant a kind of ‘zenith’ and takes sod thickness 40 mm are more efficient for turfgrass growth in the early times. In the case of parking over 8 hours in a day, after 5 weeks turfgrass growth would come into reduce. So over 4 hours parking and after 9 weeks, we need consider to setting up green block in grassy parking lot. The grassy ground would get pressured by the vehicles’ load and it would bring into some damage due to the load after 3 weeks. So we should put the grass’s growth root point under the designed a top of ‘green block’ level. When the vehicle amounts and parking density is in a low level, it could be an environmentally friendly product.

This study aims to measure and to analyze the characteristics of thermal environment of the various permeable pavement materials such as a break stone pavement (Green block cubic), soil protection pavement (Soil tector), soil cement pavement and ceramic brick pavement under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 9, 2006, 37.1℃) of the year. The albedo was the highest on the break stone pavement(0.8) from 12:00 to 14:00. The albedo of the ceramic brick pavement, a soil tector pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35, 0.29 and 0.27 from 12:00 to 14:00, respectively. The peak surface temperature and long wave radiation was the highest on the soil protection pavements(56.6℃/627 W/m2). The peak surface temperatures and long wave radiation on the ceramic brick pavement, a stone brick pavement and soil cement pavement were 51.7℃/627 W/m2, 48.8℃/607 W/m2 and 45.9℃/582 W/m2, respectively. The heat environment was better on the break stone pavement than on the other pavements. This is mainly due to the high albedo of the break stone pavement(0.8) while the albedo value of a ceramic brick pavement, a soil tactor pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35. 0.29 and 0.27. Large heat capacity(2,629 kJ/㎥․K) of the stone brick pavements also contributes to this difference. The heat environment was better on the soil cement pavement than the soil tector pavement. This is mainly due to the evaporation of the soil cement pavement while the active evaporation of the soil tactor pavement was not continued after two days from the rainfall event. To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.