내시경 유두부괄약근 절개술 후 통상적인 내시경결석제거술로 제거가 어려운 거대총담관결석에 대한 치료로 일차적으로는 소절개 내시경 유두부괄약근 절개술 후 내시경 유두부 큰풍선 확장술을 권고한다. 내시경 유두부괄약근 절개술과 내시경 유두부 큰풍선확장술 후에도 제거가 어려운 거대총담관결석의 경우에는 담도내시경하 전기수압쇄석술 또는 레이저쇄석술을 고려해 볼 수 있으며 일시적 담관 스텐트 삽입술을 권고한다. Billroth-II 수술, Roux-en-Y 문합술 등 해부학적 변화로 내시경역행 담췌관조영술이 어려운 총담관결석 환자에서는 소장내시경 또는 경피경간적 담도내시경을 통한 담석제거술을 선택적으로 시행할 수 있으며, 초음파내시경 유도하 중재 시술도 최근 시행되고 있다. 재발성 총담관결석에 대한 일차 치료로는 내시경역행담췌관조영술이 추천된다.

총담관결석의 치료를 위해 안전하고 효과적인 ERCP를 시행하려면 적절한 예방적 항생제의 사용은 필수이며, 출혈 관련 합병증 감소를 위해 항응고제의 중단과 출혈 위험성이 높은 환자들에게 EST 대신 EPBD를 시행하는 것이 필요하다. 뿐만 아니라 PEP 감소를 위한 적절한 췌관 스텐트의 삽입을 고려해야 하며, 담낭 담석이 동반되었을 경우 총담관결석의 치료가 끝났다면, 환자 상태를 고려하여 선택적으로 담낭절제술을 시행해야 한다.

현대는 개인의 정신적 가치를 존중한다는 이름하에 개인이 가지는 종교적 믿음 역시 다양성의 측면에서 수용하는 양상을 보인다. 이에 반해 종교적 근본주의는 종교적 믿음의 순수성과 해석의 단일성을 강조하면서 인간의 존엄성을 위협하고 있는 실정이다. 이 두 관점들은 서로의 극단적인 지향점에만 치중한 채 근본적인 물음을 스스로에게 던지고 있지 않고 있다. 그 물음이란 바로 (1) 종교의 근원은 무엇이며, (2) 결국 인간이 중심인 종교에서 다양성과 배타성 가운데 어느 쪽이 더 근원적인가이다. 윌리엄 제임스는 이러한 물음들 가운데 (1)을 그의 저작인 󰡔종교적 경험의 다양성󰡕에서 현상학적으로 탐구하고, ｢믿으려는 의지｣라는 논문에서 (2)를 믿음의 선택이라는 관점에서 탐구한다. 필자는 이 글에서 제임스가 두 저술에서 비판적으로 고찰한 문제의식을 살펴보고, 그가 던지는 종교적 혹은 윤리적 시사점들이 가지는 현대성에 주목하여 그것이 현대 정신문명의 위기를 해결하는 데에 일정한 기여를 할 수 있다는 점을 보여주고자 한다.

We analyzed risk factors of coastal gillnet fishers during fishing process and considered work safety measures to reduce safety accidents during fishing using a UWB (ultra wideband) based positioning system. The static position accuracy of the UWB based positioning system was 45 cm. When entering a port, there is a risk of falling overboard. When casting a net, there was a risk of falling overboard due to being hit by fishing gear or guards, or getting caught in a buoy line or sinker line. When hauling a net, there is a risk of getting caught between fishing gear and net hauler, and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to repetitive work over a long period of time. Most safety accidents during work on fishing boats are blamed on human errors of the fisher and skipper, but safety accidents occur due to a mixture of mechanical and equipment factors, work and environmental factors, and management factors in addition to human errors. Therefore, the 4E were presented as countermeasures against the 4M, which are causes of safety accidents, and the proposed measures were used to identify risk factors for operation process, comply with work safety rules, and ensure the wearing of personal protective equipments. We need to reduce safety accidents during work by making it part of our daily routine. These research results can be used in the future for optimal placement of fishing gear and fishing nets in other coastal industries where safety accidents occur frequently.

Buckwheat leaves have the best antioxidant properties, including flavonoids, rutin, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability compared to common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat. The total dietary fiber content of the powder extracted by mixing buckwheat leaves and sea tangle was 30.5%. To manufacture bread containing mixed buckwheat flour, 10, 20, and 30% buckwheat flour was mixed in to produce buckwheat bread. The bread’s characteristics underwent significant changes with varying levels of buckwheat flour. As the buckwheat content increased, the size of the bread decreased, but its hardness, gumminess, and chewiness tended to increase. The sensory characteristics of the bread were not improved due to the addition of gluten in the case of bread mixed with 20% buckwheat flour. When the buckwheat flour content was mixed at 20%, and the mixed extract of buckwheat leaves and sea tangle were added at 0.4% and 1.0%, there was no significant difference in the appearance of the buckwheat bread. Still, regarding sensory properties, the preference was higher in the sample with 1.0% added buckwheat flour.

본 논문에서는 시간 의존적 거동을 고려하기 위한 크리프 거동 해석과 비탄성 해석법을 통해 기존의 설계기준 보다 정확하고 전 시 간 단계에서의 CFT 기둥의 해석을 가능하게 하는 수치 해석 모델을 제안하고, 기존의 CFT 기둥에 수행된 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 논문에서 제안된 수치 해석 모델의 결과가 기존의 설계 기준의 결과보다 정확한 추세를 나타낸다는 것을 파악 할 수 있었다. 검증 이후 세장비에 따른 수치 해석을 수행하여 전반적인 CFT 기둥 부재의 단기 및 장기 지속 하중 거동에 대한 극한 하중의 정도를 확인하였다.

As discarded fishing gear settles or floats on the seabed, it destroys the spawning and habitat of fisheries resources that causes various safety accidents and adverse effects on the environment, such as generating microplastics and causing ship accidents. In order to solve this problem, this study is intended to present an implementation plan for establishing a fishing gear deposit system in order to use it as basic data for establishing policies for fishing gear management in Korea. In order to successfully implement the fishing gear deposit system, the deposit system must be established in the form of fishing gear completed at the production stage. It was found that the marking of the object should be easy, and that determining an appropriate deposit amount to motivate the return of waste fishing gear and establishing a convenient return procedure for returned waste fishing gear were important factors. In addition, transparent management of unreturned deposits and mandatory use of fishing gear subject to the deposit system for fishermen will be necessary. The role of a specialized organization to manage and operate all of these procedures is also very important. It is necessary to establish a new mandatory provision in the Fisheries Act to require fishermen who directly use fishing gear to use fishing gear with a deposit refund mark, and to ensure the implementation of the deposit system by linking it with the evaluation items of government policy projects. Since the main purpose of the deposit system is to collect discarded fishing gear, a support plan will be necessary in accordance with the purchase project for fishing waste salvaged by local governments in 2020.

아날로그TV 방송 시대에는 Mono/Stereo 오디오 방송과 음 성다중방송이 있었고, 디지털HDTV 방송 시대에는 Dolby AC-3 기술에 의한 5.1채널 입체오디오 방송이 추가 서비스로 이루어졌다. 지금의 4K-UHDTV 방송 시대에는 채널기반 오디 오(Channel-Based Audio) 7.1.4채널 입체오디오 방송을 비롯하 여 객체기반 오디오(Object-Based Audio) 기본방송 및 편파방 송과 해설방송 등 유저의 선택과 맞춤형 방송이 가능하고, 장 면기반 오디오(Scene-Based Audio) 몰입형 공간수음효과 3D 입체음향 방송 등이 MPEG-H 기술에 의해 활용될 수 있다. 본 논문은 국내 UHDTV 방송 전송방식(ATSC 3.0)과 함께 Audio 규격으로 규정된 MPEG-H 기술 응용에 대한 실험을 통 해 오디오 서비스 개발의 가능성을 연구하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이러한 연구를 위해 ‘2022 카타르월드컵’ 기간 중 카타르와 SBS 간 전송링크 구간의 국제신호(IS) 현장음 및 SBS 아나운 서와 해설자 음성 전송용 음향채널 오디오를 소스로 사용하였 으며, 객체기반의 기본, 해설, 현장, 집중 4가지 오디오 모드를 구성하여 SBSi 채널을 통해 모바일 스트리밍 전송을 하였다. 그리고 수신은 SBS 모바일 앱에 Decoder를 설치하여 유저의 음향모드 선택과 활용 및 향후 MPEG-H 기술에 의한 다양한 형태의 오디오 서비스 개발의 가능성을 실험하였다.

This study investigated the species composition and bycatch status of fishes by fyke net between June and November 2020 in Asanho lake and Chungjuho lake. During the survey period, the catches in Asanho lake were identified as 2,931 individuals of 16 species from a total of six families and in Chungjuho lake were identified as 1,645 individuals of 14 species from a total of eight families. The dominant species in Asanho lake was Erythroculter erythropterus which accounted for 59.6% of the the total number of individuals and 40.5% of the total biomass caught. The dominant species in Chungjuho lake was Lepomis macrochirus which accounted for 48.2% of the the total number of individuals and Erythroculter erythropterus which accounted for 60.2% of the total biomass caught. The bycatch rates of non-commercial species in Asanho lake and Chungjuho lake were 77.0% and 82.6%, respectively. As a result of analyzing the frequency distribution of the total length of Carassius auratus and Siniperca scherzeri, which were the dominant species among commercial species, the bycatch rate of small individuals was 87.1%, and 42.7%, respectively.

This study quantitatively evaluated size selectivity for three netting shapes (T0; regular, T45, T90) and hanging ratio (35%, 70%) of T0 netting used for trawl codend. The size selectivity experiment was performed in a tank using a cube experimental model with a length of 50 cm on one side and 389 experimental individuals, jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus). In the selectivity analysis, a selectivity curve was created based on the selection ratio using a logistic function, and the 25%, 50%, and 70% selection length and selection range  were obtained. The T0 netting was 19.54 cm when the 50% selective length, which is a selectivity evaluation index, had a hanging ratio of 35%, a selection range of 0.51 cm, and 22.70 cm and 3.08 cm for the hanging ratio of 70%. The T45 netting was 24.34 cm and 2.13 cm, and the T90 netting was 23.51 cm and 2.84 cm. The results of the T45 netting and the T90 netting are similar, and the 50% selection length and selection range were relatively larger than the T0 netting. There was a significant difference in the correlation between the circumference of the inner circle of the mesh by the shape of the netting and the body girth of the experimental individual (Pearson test,      ). There was no significant difference in the correlation between the selection ratio by the T0 netting, T45 netting, and T90 netting with a 70% hanging ratio (one-way ANOVA,   ). The results of this study showed that selectivity such as T45 netting and T90 netting appeared when the hanging ratio, which maximizes the area of T0 netting, was maintained at 70%.

In this study, a comparative test operation was conducted through the alternate haul method to examine the selectivity of the four mesh sizes (60 mm, 90 mm, 110 mm, and 130 mm) of the trawl codend. The selectivity was analyzed using the SELECT model considering the fishing efficiency (split parameter) of each fishing gear in the comparative test fishing operation in the trawl and the maximum likelihood method for parameter estimation. A selectivity master curve was estimated for several mesh sizes using the extended-SELECT model. As a result of analyzing the selectivity for silver croaker based on the results of three times hauls for each experimental gear, it was found that the size of the fish caught increased as the size of the mesh size increased. When the selectivity for each mesh size analyzed by the SELECT model considering the split ratio was evaluated based on the size of the AIC value, the estimated split model was superior to the equal split model. Based on the master curve, the 50% selection length value was 2.893, which was estimated to be 136 mm based on the mesh size of 60 mm. In some selectivity models, there was a large deviance between observed and theoretical values due to the non-uniformity of the distribution of fished length classes. As a result, it is considered that appropriate sea trials and selectivity evaluation methods with high reliability should be applied to present trawl fishery resource management methods.

국내외 매년 지속적으로 증가하는 대기오염의 상당량이 선박에서 배출되고 있으며, 이러한 선박에서의 배출량을 감축하기 위 해 정부는 환경규제를 강화하고 해양대기환경 개선을 위해 「환경친화적 선박의 개발 및 보급 촉진에 관한 법률」을 제정 및 시행하여 친환경 에너지를 동력원으로 사용하는 환경친화적 선박을 보급하여 해양오염 저감 기술이 개발되도록 하고 있다. 환경친화적 선박의 기 술은 최근 순수 전기추진 내지는 전기복합 추진체계까지 진화하고 있으나, 선박의 안전한 운용을 위한 검사 및 설비기준 등 관련제도의 정비는 이를 못 따라가는 실정으로, 특히 국내 연안선박의 다수를 차지하는 어선에 대한 제도는 정비가 시급한 시점이다. 이번 연구를 통 해 어선에의 전기복합 추진체계 등의 적용을 위해 핵심기자재인 배터리, 전력변환장치 등을 정의하고 이에 필요한 안전기준을 진단, 마련 하여 친환경 어선의 도입과 보급을 위해 관련된 산업을 지원할 수 있도록 최소한의 안전기준안을 마련하고자 한다.