In acid-catalyzed acetal cyclization of long aliphatic aldehydes(R=n-C7H15 ; n-C9H19 ; n-C11H23) with 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2-alkyl-5-hydroxymethyl-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxanes were obtained. The final products, sodium 2-alkyl-5-(sulfonatedpropylethermethyl)-5-ethyl-1,3-propanesultion in the presence of sodium hydride. These compounds were a new group of destructible surfactants which were readily hydrolyzed and oxidized in natural water reservoirs. Physical properties of these new compounds involved some surface properties such as Krafft point(Kp), critical micelle concentration(cmc), surface tension of aqueous solutions near cmc(γmin), foaming power, emulsion power and hydrolysis properties were determined. The destructible surfactants containing 1,3-dioxane ring were synthesized to about 85±5.5% yield. The cmc values of the compounds by ring method were assumed to 0.5~5.0×10-3mol/L range and surface tensions at cmc were 29.5~33.0dyne/cm respectively at 25℃. The foaming power and foam stability were 170~230mm and 52~135mm respectively at 1×10-2mol/L, foam was occurred rarely below 1×10-3mol/L. The emulsion property of liquid paraffin was better than that of soybean oil. For hydrolysis property with ph and time, these compounds were decomposed within about 200minutes at ph1~2. Hopefully these compounds are expected to be a good O/W emulsifier that have decomposability in acid and may be used in the process which do not need foaming.

The adsorptions of 2-(dimethylalkylammonio)propanoates with straight chain alkyl group having from 12 to 16 carbon atoms on the liquid-air interface were decreased while lowering the surface tensions at critical micelle concentrations. In micellization, the standard free energy changes per methylene in alkyl group were found to make same contribution to the micelle formation of corresponding C-alkylcarboxybetaines, and the standard enthalpy and entropy changes were studied within the range of temperature from 30 to 50℃.

Twelve of the alkylcarboxybetaine derivatives such as 2-(trimethylammonio)dodecanvate, 2-(trimethylammonio) tetadecanoate, 2-(trimethylammonio)hexadecanoate, (dimethyldodecylammonio)ethanoate, (dimethyltetradecylammonio)ethanoate, (dimethylhexadecylammonio)ethanoate, 2-( dimethyltetradecylammonio)propanoate, 2-(dimethyltetradecylammonio)propanoate, 2-(dimethylhexadecylammonio)propanoate, 2-(dimethyldodecylammoino)-3-phenylpropanoate, 2-(dimethylhexadecylammonio)-3-phenylpropanoate have been synthesized from the 2-baomoalkanoic acid, trimethylamine, dimethylalkylamine, alanine and phenylalanine, respectively. These reaction products have been separated by ion-exchangechromotography and detected by paper chromotography, elementary analysis and infrared spectroscopy.

Isoelectric point and surface tension of twelve of the alkylcarboxy betaines such as 2-(trimethylammonio) dodecanoate, 2-(trimethyammonio) tetradecanoate, 2-(trimethylammonio) hexadecanoate, (dimethyldodecylammonio)ethanoate, (dimethyltetradecylammonio)ethanoate, (dimethylhexadecylammonio) ehtanoate, 2-(dimethylododecylammonio) propanoate, 2-(dimethyltetradecylammonio)proopanoate, 2-(dimethylhexadecylammonio)propanoate, 2-(dimethyltetradecylammonio)-3-phenyl propanoate, 2-(dimethyltetradecylammonio)-3-phenyl propanoate are tested. From the measurement of the isoelectric point, it was found that the isoelectric point were leaned toward the alkaline zone for c-alkylarbrxybetaines, and toward the acidic zone for N-alkylcarboxybetaines. At the range of the carboxybetaine concentration 2 × 10-2~2 × 10-5mole/l, the surface tension of the aqueous solution were decreased to 30-38 dyne/cm, showing the tendency that the ability of lowering the surafce tension was depending on the increase of carbon atom number in the lipophilic alkyl chain. The critical micelle concetration measured by the surface tension and concentration curves have been found at the range of 10-2~10-5mole/l.

Four amphoteric surfactants, 1-(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonates, were prepared by the alkylation of 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4,naphthalene sulfonic acid with chloroalkanes such as 1-decylchloride, 1-tetradecyl chloride and 1-hexadecyl chloride. These quaternary ammonium compounds such as 1-(N-decyl-N, N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate, 1-(N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate, 1-(N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate and 1-(N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate could be separated by means of thin layes chromatography and column chromatography. The surface chemical properties such as surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, wetting efficiency and solubilizing effect for these four compounds were measured. Also critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance(HLB) were evaluated. These compounds showed good surface as O/W type emulsifying agent and detergent.

1-(carboxyalkyl) trimethyl ammonium chlorides such as 1-(carboxyundecyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride and 1-(carboxytridecyl) trimethyiammonium chloride were synthesized by the reaction of α-bromoalkanoic acid with trimethyl amine hydrochloride. In other hand, (carboxymethyl) alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides such as (carboxymethyl) dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and (carboxymethyl) tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride were synthesized by the reaction of alkyl dimethylamine with sodium chloroacetate. The four kinds of alky carboxy betaine such as 2-(trimethylammonio) dodecanoate, 2-(trimethyl ammonio) tetradecanoate, (dodecyl dimethylammonio) ethanoate and (tetradecyl dimethyl ammonio) ethanoate were prepared from 1-(carboxyalkyl) trimethyl ammonium chlorides or (carboxymethy1) alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides. The surface activities including surface tension, emulsifying power, foaming power, foam stability, deflocculating effect, effectiveness of wettability and solubilizing effect were measured and also critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic. balance(HLB) were evaluated. These carboxy betaines show good surface activities as O/W type emulsifing agent and detergent.