C. S. 루이스가 『나니아 연대기』의 마지막 작품 『마지막 전투』(1956)에서 그리스도가 유일한 진리와 생명이 된다는 점을 어떻게 작품에 녹여내고 있는가를 고찰할 필요가 있다. 이야기의 전반부는 적그리스도의 출현에 따른 아슬란에 대한 진위 논쟁이 빚은 역설과 아이러니, 점진적 반복 기법을 통해, 사고와 지적 성장이 없이는 적그리스도의 계략에 속아 배도할 수밖에 없다는 통찰력을 제공하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이야기의 후반부인 재림과 새 하늘과 새 땅을 살펴본 결과, 그는 재림과 천국에 관하여 근대주의자들은 인간의 소망 충족을 위해 만들어낸 허상이라고 생각했고, 포스트모더니즘 옹호자들은 천국을 단지 인간의 심리상태에 불과하다고 주장했던 것에 대한 변증으로 나니아의 상징들과 성경의 상징을 조화시켜 천국이 실재한다는 점을 아름다운 이미지로 그리고 있음을 확인하였다. 적그리스도의 옹호자들이 구원은 ‘둘 중 하나’보다는 ‘둘 다 모두’라는 보편 구원설을 훨씬 더 선호하는데 비해서, 루이스는 구원이란 ‘둘 중 하나’의 범주에 속한다는 사실을 고수하고 있다. 기독교는 오직 예수 그리스도 안에 있는 사람에게만 구원이 선물로 주어진다는 사실을 분명히 약속하고 있음을 작중 인물들을 통해 보여주고 있다.

Lee Seung Woo persistently offers novelistic inquiries about what is God. His novels have consistently addressed this issue, and the main theme through all his novels has been the absence of father. From his earliest books until the book published in 2009, Hannaje Siseon(Mid-day’s Gaze), fathers have been portrayed as either castrated and ostracized or sadistic and pessimistic. In his literary works, protagonists could not resolve the Oedipus complex. In Hannaje Siseon, however, the protagonist resolved the complex. This change in his approach toward the Oedipus complex brings up the need to interpret Hannaje Siseon based on psychoanalytical theories. The purpose of this paper is to read Hannaje Siseon as a story about the Real with the special reference to the relationship between father and son. The resolution of the Oedipus complex is deeply related to the restoration of ego-identity, and the process of the restoration could be understood as the story of the self facing the real.This paper mainly consists of four main parts. First, the paper analyzes the cause of internal depression the protagonist suffers. The cause is related to the absence of father, but the protagonist’s realization of the cause plays a positive role in the restoration of ego-identity. Second, Father archetype, which unsettles the protagonist, will be analyzed. Third, the metaphor about the name-of-the-father will be analyzed to see how the self enters into the symbolic. Fourth, the process of the self interacting with the real will be analyzed by looking at the act of killing father in the protagonist’s illusion. The analysis on Hannaje Siseon indicates that Lee Seung Woo intends to show the process of the self finding the subject in the cultural context where father is absent. In other words, he shows the way of resolving the Oedipus complex to reach the real.

Plasminogen activator(PA) system such as urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA), urokinase PA Receptor(uPAR), tissue, tissue PA, and PA inhibitor-1&2(PAI-1&2) play a role in tumor invasion, metastasis, and proliferation. It is interested that these factors in patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma(Oral SCC) will be evaluated and correlated with clinicopathologic variables. Recently, these expression of primary oral SCC has been restricted to clinical or immunohistochemical study such in vivo study. The purpose of this study were to investigate the mRNA expression and cytologic concentration of uPA, uPAr, tPA, and PAI-1,2 in oral SCC cell lines compared to NHOK and to apply these results to evaluate early detection biomarkers of oral SCC in future. All the cell lines(NHOK, HN 4 and SCC 25) were cultured under KBM bullet kit at 37℃ in a 5% CO2 incubator. We studied a possible association between mRNA expression and cytosolic concentrations of uPA, uPAR, tPA, and PAI-1,2 in oral SCC cell lines compared to NHOK using RT-PCR and an enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA) method. uPA mRNA expression was about 5-6 folds, while uPAR was a bout 3 f olds, and PAI-1 was about 1 .5-1.6 f olds. PAI-2 was a bout1.2 -1.3 f olds t han that o f NHOK, w hile t PA w as l ower t han that of NHOK. uPA cytosolic concentrations was about 15-19 folds, while uPAR was about 8 folds, and PAI-1 was about 3-4.5 folds. PAI-2 was about 2 folds than that of NHOK, while tPA was lower than that of NHOK. Both uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1,2 cytologic concentrations were correlated with mRNA expression of oral SCC cell lines. From the aboving results, high cytosolic concentrations of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 & 2 were correlated with mRNA expression. It suggested that these might be specific markers for oral SCC cell lines and these results would be contributed to evaluate early detection biomarkers for human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Numerous bone cell culture models have been presented by the development of isolation and culturing techniques of cells. The culture of osteoblast-like cells of human origin with a specific osteoblastic phenotype has become an important experimental model in bone biology. Recently, it has become increasingly popular to utilize bone marrow cultures because these cultures are therefore thought to represent earlier stages of the osteoblast differentiation pathway. There is no report about culturing normal human osteoblast from oral and maxillofacial area. Primary cultured cells from oral and maxillofacial cancellous bone were analyzed by morphologic features, total DNA contents, ALP, osteocalcin and von Kossa staining positivity. The purpose of this study were to culture the cell population from oral and maxillofacial cancellous bone and to analyze the phenotypic expression of cultured normal human osteoblast by the bone marrow isolation technique. Growth curve of NHost showed about 45hrs of doubling time and about 70μ g/well of total DNA content. NHost showed spindle shaped cytoplasm with ovoid nucleus under preconfluency and after cellular differentiation, they formed irregular numerous nodules from stratified cellular layers under D medium. ALP activity was about 2 folds higher under control medium with 10nM 1,25(OH)2D3 than that under control medium. Osteocalcin expression was about seven folds higher under control medium with 100nM 1,25(OH)2D3 than that under control medium. Scattered mineralized nodules stained by von Kossa method were seen on the cellular layer under D medium. It suggested that NHost might be established from oral and maxillofacial area by characteristic cellular shape, ALP activity, osteocalcin expression and numerous mineralized nodules.