The present study was performed reviewing references determine the infection status of Korean freshwater fishes and relation with climate change of Korean peninsula. The most common infections of Korean freshwater fishes are flatworms (trematodes) and spiny-headed worms (acanthocephalans). Total 61 species of Korean freshwater fishes for infectious disease has been reviewed. Among them, 44 species of freshwater fish belong to Cyprinidae and 17 species for Cobitidae, Siluridae, Bagridae, Amblycipitidae, Synbranchidae, Centropomidae, Odontobutidae, Belontiidae, and Channidae. The Korean freshwater fishes had total 35 kinds of parasite pathogenic organisms (Acanthocephala opsariichthydis, Centrocestus sp., Cyathocotyle sp., Diplostomum orientale, Diplostomum sp., Echinochasmus sp., Echinostoma sp., Genarchopsis sp., Holostephanus metorchis, Metacercaria hasegawai, Metagonimus sp., Metorchis taiwanensis, Neoplagioporus zacconis, Palliolisentis chinanensis, Palliolisentis chunjuensis, Prosorhpynchus sp., Centrocestus armatus, Clonorchis sinensis, Holostephanus nipponicus, Metorchis orientalis, Cyathocotyle orientalis, Pseudexorchis major, Exorchis oviformis, Trachelobdella sinensis, Metagonimus miyata, Isoparorchis hypselobagri, Clinostomum complanatum, Centrocestus asadai, Metagonimus yokogawai, Echinostoma cinetorchis, Echinochasmus japonicus, Diplozoon nipponicum, Metagonimus takahashii, Carassotrema koreanum, and Echinostoma hortense). Maximum infections belonged to Pseudorasbora parva as Cyprinidae had 19 kinds of parasite organisms, including Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, Clinostomum complanatum, Clonorchis sinensis, Cyathocotyle orientalis, Echinochasmus japonicus, Exorchis oviformis, Holostephanus metorchis, Holostephanus nipponicus, Metacercaria hasegawai, Metagonimus yokogawai, Metorchis orientalis, Metorchis taiwanensis, Pseudexorchis major, Cyathocotyle sp., Diplostomum sp., Echinochasmus sp., Metagonimus sp. and Prosorhpynchus sp. Human foodborne trematode infections are an important public health concern in Korea. In the future, under the climatic extremes on Korean peninsula such as floods, drought and temperature variability, in particular, the susceptibility of freshwater fishes to infection will be decreased.

To determine the status of Korean wild reptiles and amphibians infection and relation with climate change of Korean peninsula, references were reviewed. Wild animals serve as intermediate, reservoirs and paratenic hosts to zoonotic parasites of human beings. The parasites and disease can be a serious problem for all herptiles. The infectious diseases, in particular, become parasitized through contact with other reptiles or contaminated objects and environments, or by eating infected food items. Worms are one of the most common intestinal parasites. Among reptiles, the most common infections are flatworms (trematodes), roundworms (nematodes), tapeworms (cestodes), and spiny-headed worms (acanthocephalans). A total of 20 species for infectious diseases from Korean wild reptiles and amphibians has been reviewed. Among them, 11 species was amphibians and 9 species for reptiles. The Korean wild herptiles had total 41 kinds of parasite pathogenic organisms. Meximum infections belonged to Rana nigromaculata as amphibians had 22 kinds of parasite organisms, including Gorgodera aponica, Gorgodera bombinae, Diplodiscus japonicus, Haematoloechus sibiricus japonicus, Pleurogenoides japonicus, Haematoloechus nanchangensis, Haematoloechus variegatus, Haematoloechus lobatus koreanus, Neodiplostomum seoulense, Halipergus japonicus, Haematolechus japonicus, Loxogenes liberum, Baerttia japonica, Ophiotaenia manae, Oswardcruzia lualata, Icosiella kobayashi, Pharyngodon pobypedates, Gyrinicola japonica, Catadiseus sp., Ophisthodiseus sp., Diplorchis sp., and Sparganum. Also, Dinodon rufozonatum as reptiles had 5 kinds of parasite, including Cotylaspis coreensis, Cotylaspis sinensis, Cephalogonimus japonicus, Astiotrema reniferum, Astiotrema odheri, Kaurma orientalis, and Astiotrema sp.. In the future, under the climatic extremes on Korean peninsula such as floods, drought and temperature variability, in particular, the susceptibility of amphibian and reptiles to infection will be increased and they have implications for the emergence of disease and the potential for climate change to exacerbate amphibian decline.

기수산 2배체 일본재첩(Corbicula japonica)의 정자형성과정 및 정자의 미세 구조적 특징을 전자현미경 관찰에 의해 조사하였다. 세포학적 조사 결과, 기수산 2배체인 일본재첩의 정자 길이는 약 55이다. 정자 두부(길이 약 12)는 길게 신장되어 있으며 약간 구부러져 있다. 정핵 길이는 7.90 , 첨체 길이는 약 2.70 이다. 정자의 핵과 첨체의 형태는 각각 긴 화살 모양과 길다란 원추 모양을 나타낸다. 본 종(체외수정, 자웅이체, 난생종

암컷 바지락, Ruditapes philippinarum의 난 형성과정 중 생식세포 발달과 난소 성숙 및 군 성숙도를 세포 및 조직학적 관찰에 의해 조사하였다. 바지락은 자웅이체이다. 난황 형성 과정 중 골지복합체, 글리코겐 입자들과 미토콘드리아들은 초기 난황 형성 단계의 난모 세포질 내에서 지방적 및 지방 과립 형성에 관여한다. 후기 난황 형성 단계 난모 세포질 내의 피질 과립, 조면 소포체 및 미토콘드리아들은 세포질 내에서 단백질성 난황 과립의 형성

한국산 작은대칭이 (Anodonta arcaeformis flavotincta)의 유생발생 중 유생(glochidium)을 숙주어류인 붕어(carassius auratus)에 감염시켜 유생의 피낭형성과정(부착부위, 부착후 탈락가지의 시기)을 알아보기 위해, 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 유생들은 30분내에 숙주어류의 니트러미, 구강 그리고 아가미에 부착되었다. 이 연구에서 유생이 부착된 숙주어류의 지느러미를 시간별로