This review assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of chemical sterilization methods as alternatives to conventional physical sterilization methods, with a specific focus on mushroom substrate preparation. Physical sterilization methods, such as autoclaving, provides excellent sterilization efficacy, but are resource-intensive and costly, limiting accessibility for small-scale mushroom growers. This review systematically examined recent research on chemical sterilization agents, notably hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2), focusing on sterilization efficacy, biological efficiency (BE), residual toxicity, and environmental sustainability (Life Cycle Sustainability, LCS). The results indicated that H2O2 and ClO2, at relatively low concentrations, achieved significant microbial reduction while maintaining mycelial growth and yields comparable to those obtained with physical sterilization. However, further research is required to address the issues related to species-specific sensitivity and chemical residue safety. The development of biodegradable natural sterilizing agents and establishment of practical field guidelines are recommended to enhance the applicability of chemical sterilization methods in mushroom farming.

This study intended to investigate exploratorily the precedent factors affecting two types of perceived balances between work and life(family/leisure) and the antecedent ones affected by them, focusing on the metro train drivers. To attain this purpose, literature survey on the precedent factors, work-life balance, and antecedent factors was performed, and the study model was designed based on this survey, and then this model was analyzed empirically using Multiple-Regression. The results on the precedent factors showed that Job Demand, Self-Efficacy, and Age have significant effects on the negative transfer of work. On the other hand, it was shown that Affiliative Culture, Self-Efficacy, and Internal Locus of Control have significant effects on the family centered balance. And the results on the antecedent factors showed that family centered balance has significant effects on Job Satisfaction, Psychological Depression and Fatigue, Safety Behavior, and accident, and the negative transfer of work has significant effects on Physical and Psychological Depression and Fatigue, Emergency Stress, and Safety Behavior.