In this study, ibuprofen(IBP) degradation by the photochemical (UV/S2O8 2-) and sonochemical (US/S2O8 2-) processes was examined under various parameters, such as UV (10~40±5 W/L) and US (50~90±5 W/L) power density, optimum dosage of persulfate ion (S2O8 2-), temperature (20~60℃) and anions effect (Cl-, HCO3 -, CO3 2-). The pseudo‐first‐order degradation rate constants were in the order of 10-1 to 10-5 min-1 depending on each processes. The synergistic effect of IBP degradation in UV/S2O8 2- and US/S2O8 2- processes could investigated, due to the generation of SO4 - radical. This result can confirm from the produced H2O2 and SO4 2- concentration in each processes. IBP degradation rate affected by the S2O8 2- dosage, temperature, power and anion existence parameters. In particular, IBP degradation rate increased with the increase of the temperature (60℃) and applied power density (UV:40±5 W/L, US:90±5 W/L). On the other hand, anions effect on the IBP degradation was negative, due to the anion play as a the scavenger of radical.

In this study, Ibuprofen (IBP) degradation by the photo catalytic process was investigated under various parameters, such as UV intensity, optimum dosage of TiO2, alkalinity, temperature and pH of bulk solution. The pseudo-first order degradation rate constants were in the order of 10-1 to 10-4 min-1 depending on each condition. The Photocatalytic IBP degradation rate increased with an increase in the applied UV power. At high UV intensity a high rate of tri-iodide (I3 -) ion formation was also observed. Moreover, in order to avoid the use of an excess catalyst, the optimum dosage of catalyst under the various UV intensities (30 and 40 W/L) was examined and ranged from approximately 0.1 gL-1. The photo catalytic IBP degradation rate was changed depending on the alkalinity and temperature and pH in the aqueous solution. This study demonstrated the potential of photo catalytic IBP degradation under different conditions.

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) and nonylphenol (NP) are widely spread in the natural environment as an endocrine disruption chemicals (EDs). Therefore, in this study, ultrasound (US) and ultraviolet (UVC), including TiO2, as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were applied to a DEP and NP contaminated solution. When only the application of US, the optimum frequency for significant DEP degradation and a high rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation was 283 kHz. We know that the main mechanism of DEP degradation is radical reaction and, NP can be affected by both of radical reaction and pyrolysis through only US (sonolysis) process and combined US+UVC (sonophotolysis) process. At combined AOPs (sonophotolysis/sonophotocatalysis) such as US+UVC and US+UVC+TiO2, significant degradation of DEP and NP were observed. Enhancement effect of sonophotolysis and sonophotocatalysis system of DEP and NP were 1.68/1.38 and 0.99/1.17, respectively. From these results, combined sonophotocatalytic process could be more efficient system to obtain a significant DEP and NP degradation.

Sediments of Little Scioto (LS) River in Ohio was contaminated by poor disposal of creosote from Baker Wood Creosoting Facility. Among the primary compounds of creosote, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most common ingredient. PAHs are known for toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds. There are many difficulties to remove the PAHs in nature environment because their characteristics are having a less water-solubility, volatile and low mobility properties as increasing the molecular weight. The generation of hydroxyl radicals (ㆍOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) forms as well as high temperature (5000 K) and pressure (1000 atm) by a physico-chemical effects of ultrasound during a cavitation collapse can promote the degradation and desorption of PAHs in sediment And it can also produces shock wave and microjets which are able to change the size and surface of particle in solid-liquid system as one of physical effects. Therefore, we explored to understand the role of particle size, the effect of elimination for PAHs concentration by ultrasound and optimize the conditions for ultrasonic treatment. The condition of various size of particles ( > 150㎛, < 150㎛) and solid-liquid ratio (12.5g/L, 25g/L) for the treatment was considered and ultrasonic power (430 W/L) with liquid – hexane extraction and microwave extraction method were applied after ultrasound treatment.

남고 (Prunus mume 'Nanko'), 청축 (Prunus mume 'Viridicalyx'), 매향 (Prunus mume 'Baigo'), 갑주최소 (Prunus mume var, microcarpa 'Koshusaisho') 등 네 종류의 미성숙 매실과육의 Ethyl acetate 추출 성분을 GC/MS-SIM 방법을 사용하여 정량분석 및 비교하였다. 이 연구에 사용된 10종의 표준시약으로 도출된 정량식에 따른 분석의 결과, 매실 품종에 따라 함유성분 및 함유량의 차이를 볼 수 있었다. 이들 성분 중, Maleic anhydride, Citaconic anhydride, 5-Hydroxymethylfur-fural, Vanillin, Linoleic acid, Ethyl linoleate, 그리고 Squalene은 위의 네 종의 매실에서 모두 측정되었다. Palmitic acid는 갑주최소, Isopropyl palmitate는 매향과 갑주최소, Stearic acid는 남고, 청축, 갑주최소에서만 측정되었다. 각 성분의 함량에 있어서는 많은 차이를 보였다. Maleic anhydride의 경우, 매향, 남고, 갑주최소, 청축에서 각각 245.4, 153.6, 20.1, 2.7ppm이 측정되었다. Citraconic anhydride는 매향, 남고, 갑주최소, 청축에서 각각 637.4, 543.1, 150.7, 38.7 ppm이 측정되었으며, Stearic acid는 갑주최소, 청축, 남고에서 105.5, 64.4, 32.3 ppm의 순으로 측정되었다. Squalene은 갑주최소, 매향, 남고, 청축에서 각각 7.6, 1.7, 1.0, 0.5ppm 씩 측정되었고 나머지 미량성분들 또한 매실 종간의 성분 함량 차이가 측정되었다. 정량분석의 특성 상, 본 연구에서의 분석 대상 성분 수는 시판되고 있는 표준품의 수에 따라 제한될 수밖에 없었다. 하지만, 그 제한된 성분 종류 간에도 함유량의 차가 큰 것으로 볼 때 측정된 성분 이외의 성분에 대한 함량 또한 다를 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이를 위해서는, 보다 많은 종류의 표준품을 확보하여 좀 더 다양한 성분의 정량분석이 이루어져야할 것으로 사료된다.