본 연구는 콰욜라 작품에서 컴퓨터 알고리즘 기술이 주체로서, 인간이 재현한 이미지를 디지털 이미지로 재창조하는 데서 발생한 숭고적 의미와 특성을 고찰한다. 그리고 이를 통해 콰욜라 작품이 인간중심성을 비판적으로 성찰한다는 점을 살펴본다. 숭고에서 주체는 변형 되고 비결정화되어 이전과 다른 창조적 자아로 거듭난다. 숭고에서 주체의 이런 양상은 주체 로서 알고리즘 기술이 대상에 야기하는 현상과 유사하다. 알고리즘 기술은 대상을 데이터화 함으로써 대상에 창조적 잠재력을 준다. 데이터로서 비결정화 된 대상은 다른 존재들로 다시 변형되어 이전과 불일치할 가능성을 갖기 때문이다. ≪포로들 #B06 Captives #B06≫ (2014)과 ≪유적: 프로방스 Remains: Provance≫(2016)에서 알고리즘 기술은 대상을 변 형, 비결정화 하고 이전과 불일치하게 만들어 대상에 창조적 잠재력과 숭고적 특성을 준다. 그래서 인간 시각에 대한 차이를 발생시켜 인간 시각과 근본적으로 같지만 다른 형태를 지 니는 기계의 시각을 제시한다. 그리하여 알고리즘 기술은 인간이 기계의 시각을 통해 자신에 대한 메타적 보기를 가능케 한다.

인터넷 사용 미술은 현대미술에서 개방적 공동체를 구현할 수 있는 잠재력을 지닌다. 그것 은 네트워크의 개인과 공동체를 공존 가능하게 하는 매체적 특성에 따른 것으로 열린 공동체는 장-뤽 낭시의 무위의 공동체 개념으로 고찰될 수 있다. 이는 네트워크를 통한 열린 공동체가 무 위의 공동체와 열린 형태로 유사하기 때문이다. 락스 미디어 컬렉티브의 <오퍼스>는 디지털 공 유지를 통해 열린 공동체를 추구한다. <오퍼스>는 참여를 원하는 이들이 가능한 참여할 수 있게 하는 온라인 공공 창작 플랫폼으로 이를 위해 자유소프트웨어의 공유와 협업의 방법을 이용한 다. 그러나 <오퍼스>는 미디어 기술지식 등의 문제로 인해 열린 디지털 공유지가 되는데 한계를 가진다. 그럼에도 <오퍼스>는 열린 공동체에의 가능성을 통해 공존, 개방, 포용을 보여준다.

The purpose of this study is to show that the reason behind the ambivalentcharacteristic displayed in Niki de Saint Phalle’s works is in her trauma and how suchcharacteristic can be extracted from her works. During her creative years, Saint Phalleworked on various materials from different genres such as assemblages, shooting paintings, aseries on Bride and Monster, ‘Nana’, ‘Tarot Garden’and public sculptures. Onecommonality found among her various works is the ambivalent characteristic that containscontrasting elements simultaneously. Saint Phalle suffered a terrible psychological damageinflicted by her parents during her childhood. Specifically, she was sexually assaulted by herfather and emotionally neglected by her mother, the trauma that affected her for the rest ofher life. As a result, she came to develop extreme love-hate relationships with her parentsand this became the main reason for the ambivalent characteristic displayed in her works. The love-hate relationship Saint Phalle developed can be identified through variousresearches done on the subject of the affect of sexual assault. It is common for incestvictims to develop ambivalent feelings towards the perpetrator and Saint Phalle was noexception.Dissociation disorder and a snake well explain the trauma from her father. It is agenerally accepted belief in the field of psychology that dissociation disorder commonly occursto children who experience incest. And dissociation disorder is similar to the characteristic ofambivalence in the sense that a single entity contains more than two contrasting elements at thesame time. In addition, the amputated doll objects used in her assemblages coincide with theexpression of body detachment of people with dissociation disorder. These facts clearly indicatethat the trauma from her father is showing through in her works.A snake is a subject matter that reflects the ambivalent tendency of Saint Phalle thatresulted from her trauma. She remembers her father’s rape as an image of a snake which is related to a phallic symbol in mythology or art reflecting her trauma. Moreover, shedisplays a similar pattern of ambivalent emotion like love and hate or fear towards a snakeand her father. This is also confirmed by her portrayal of a snake as a monster or reverselyas a creature with fundamental vitality in her works. The lack of affection from her mother can be explained by her mother’s maternaldeprivation. It appears that Saint Phalle’s mother possessed all the causes for maternaldeprivation such as maternal separation, personality disorder and inappropriate attitudetowards child rearing. Especially, a study that shows mother’s negative attitude towardschild breeding tends to increase dissociation experience of children is another importantevidence that supports Saint Phalle’s dissociation tendency. These traces of Saint Phalle’s trauma are clearly revealed in her assemblages andshooting paintings. The violent objects in her assemblages such as a hammer, razor, nailrepresent the rage and defensiveness towards her father. The objects such as fragments ofbroken plates of feminine patterns, pots and mirrors that her mother used symbolize theaffection towards her mother. On the other hand, the destructed objects can be interpretedas her hate and resentment towards her mother. Shooting paintings contain her extremefury and hate. Things such as acts of shooting and the image associated with blood aftershooting are blunt expressions of her bursts of emotions.I have tried to define and classify the ambivalent characteristics shown in herassemblages and shooting paintings as hate, rage, violence, calm, love and pleasureaccording to the frame ofThanatos and Eros. Out of the six, hate, rage, violence and clamare associated with Thanatos while love and pleasure are associated with Eros and theycorrespondingly form an ambivalent structure.These ambivalent characteristics can be found in her assemblages and shootingpaintings. The objects in her assemblages such as a razor, saw, hammer imply hate, rage,violence and the silence felt throughout her works represent calmness. And, as mentioned,the feminine objects can be seen as symbolizing love. In shooting paintings, hate, rage,violence can be found in the use of force and in the traces of watercolor after shooting,and a sense of pleasure in her feelings of catharsis after her shooting. Moreover, a shieldedcalmness can be found on the plywood all covered with plaster before the shooting. This study looked into the ambivalent characteristic of Saint Phalle’s works byexamining her trauma to find its correlation, and a meaning of this study can be found fromthe fact that it refocused the origin of Saint Phalle who is generally known as a feministartist. Additionally, a meaning of the study can be found also from the fact that it examinedthe ambivalent characteristics of her works through a frame of Thanatos and Eros.