In this study, a flat-type photocatalytic reactor is applied under solar irradiation for simultaneous treatment of target pollutants: reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and oxidation of EDCs (BPA, EE2, E2). An immobilized type of photocatalyst was fabricated to have self-grown nanotubes on its surface in order to overcome limitations of powdery photocatalyst. Moreover, Ti mesh form was chosen as substrate and modified to have both larger surface area and photocatalyst content. Ti mesh was anodized at 50V and 25°C for 30min in the mixed electrolytes (NH4F-H2O-C2H6O2) and annealed at 450°C for 2 hours in ambient oxygen to have anatase structure. Surface characterization was done with SEM and XRD methodologies. Fabricated NTT was applied to water treatment, and coexisting Cr(VI) and organics (EDCs) enhanced each other's reactions by scavenging holes and electrons and thus impeding recombination. Also, several experiments were conducted outdoor under direct sunlight and it was observed that both solar-tracking and applying modified photocatalyst were proven to enhance reaction efficiency.

Today, there are a multitude of papers being written on films that deal with multicultural society. However, it is difficult to find research on German films that deal with multicultural societies from the educational perspective of cultural exchange. This paper chooses the following four German films and aims to examine them from that perspective – Doris Dörrie’s Kirschblüten, Fatih Akın’s Solino and Gegen die Wand, and Percy Adlon’s Bagdad Café. Kirschblüten is about longings for and communication with other cultures, Solino about cultural differences and ways to overcome them, Gegen die Wand about cultural conflicts and identities, and Bagdad Café about cultural connection and communication. What is of particular importance in handling these movies in the classroom will be to raise and discuss relevant pedagogical questions to encourage the students to contemplate the various aspects of cultural encounters as their own issue. Thus, the ultimate goal of the education should be the learning of the values of coexistence, harmony, and exchange that are required of any multicultural society.

Intussusception in adults is a rare disease entity; its clinical course and etiology are different from its pediatric counterpart. Furthermore, intussusception caused by intestinal tuberculosis is very rare. We report on a case of transient intussusception induced by intestinal tuberculosis. A 29-year-old female visited our hospital with a chief complaint of right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed ileo-colic type intussusception. Intussusception was transient and showed spontaneous reduction. Colonoscopy was performed for evaluation of the cause and intestinal tuberculosis was probable on colonoscopic biopsy. Follow up colonoscopy showed improvement after administration of anti-tuberculosis medication and intestinal tuberculosis was then confirmed.

We report a double primary gastric cancer of different types seen on an endoscopy at the same time. At the first gastroscopy, Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) appeared to be a benign submucosal tumor (SMT) and gastric adenocarcinoma was limited to the mucosa. Adenocarcinoma was removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, a followup gastroscopy revealed an enlarged SMT, and another ESD was performed. The patient was additionally diagnosed with gastric LELC. This is the only case that LELC and gastric adenocarcinoma were found at the same time in Korea; therefore, the authors report this case with literature review.