본 연구는 돼지의 정자와 난소내 과립막세포에서 bisphenol S(BPS)가 생존성과 활성산소 생산에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 연구하였다. 돼지정액은 0, 5μM BPS를 처리하여 3, 6시간동안 배양하였다. 정자의 생존성은 SYBR14/PI를 이중 염색하여 분석하였으며, 활성산소의 생산을 측정하였다. 또한, BPS(0, 5, 10, 20μM)를 과립막세포에 처리하여 24, 48, 72시간동안 처리하였다. 처리 후, 세포의 생존율과 활성산소 생산(단, 5μM BPS)을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 돼지에서 정자의 생존율은 BPS에 의해 감소하였고, 활성산소의 생산은 모든 처리시간에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 과립막세포의 생존은 BPS에 의해 억제되었고, 활성산소는 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 토대로, BPS의 노출은 정자의 활성과 번식과 관련된 세포에 나쁜 영향을 미칠 것이다.

Background : The isoflavonoids, triterpene and polysaccharides were know as major components in Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. Especially, isoflavonoids are classified as ononin, calycosin-glucoside of glycon binding and formononetin, calycosin of aglycone binding. In this study, we performed fermentation by a lot of microorganisms which were derived foods. Methods and Results : The A. membranaceus was extracted with 50% Ethanol and it was concentrated using rotary evaporator. In order to change in isoflavonoids, we fermented the A. membranaceus extracts with microorganisms which have β-glucosidase activity. we chose 20 microorganisms using esculin agar method and three strains with the highest activity of β -glucosidase were identified by pNP assay. The extracts of A. membranaceus were fermented during 3 days in sterilized distilled water, as 1 Brix and 3 Brix. The isoflavonoids of fermented extract, respectively days 0, 1, 2 and 3, were analyzed using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the fermented A. membranaceus extracts was investigated about whitening effect using tyrosinase and radical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). As a result of β-glucosidase activity by pNP assay, we selected two strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus (KACC 81017BP), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (KACC 83014BP). On the third day of fermentation of S. cerevisiae, isoflavone aglycone was the highest. The calycosin-glucoside and ononin in fermented A. membranaceus extract were reduced, calycosin and formononetin was increased compared to control. Also, we confirmed higher activity than control in tyrosinase inhibition rate on the third day of fermentation, as 78.38% and lower IC50 value of radical scavenging activity as 584.68 ㎍/㎖. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that A. membranaceus aboveground parts might have useful as a safe material for functional food and pharmaceutics.

Background : In this study, we investigated the formation of Abeliophyllum distichum callus which has not been reported until now and the culture optimization. The potential of callus cultures was examined by comparing the components and antioxidant activities of callus and wild planting. Furthermore, it was intended to provide data on the possibility of substitution for the active ingredient production of Abeliophyllum distichum callus extraction. Methods and Results : We tried to induce callus by introducing it in vitro culture by using leaves and stem of Abeliophyllum distichum grown in Goesan Chungbuk. In order to investigate the effect of growth regulators on the callus, TDZ, NAA, 2,4-D, IBA and BAP were treated with 0.25 to 5 ㎎/ℓ of single hormone, and the combination hormones were treated with two concentrations of BAP (0.1, 1.0 ㎎/ℓ) and 2,4-D, NAA, IBA at 0.1 ㎎/ℓ and 1.0 ㎎/ℓ. And investigate the effect of inorganic salt concentration on somatic embryogenesis, the incidence of callus was examined by culturing 1X, 1/2X MS medium for 4 weeks. As a result, the effect of growth regulator and treatment concentration on the callus formation of Abeliophyllum distichum, callus induction was the fastest in the 2,4-D condition, but the callus indection was slow. The highest amount was produced ine the NAA condition. The axillary bud was best grown in TDZ condition, but no root was formed. LC chromatogram was able to compare the contents of leaf, stem extracts and callus extracts. Antioxidant ativity showed excellent antioxidative activity in the extracts of the wild planted stem. Conclusion : The optimum culture conditions for callus were 1/2X MS, 1 ㎎/ℓ BAP and 0.1 ㎎/ℓ of 2,4-D. As a result of LC chromatogram, it was confirmed that callus extract contained a large amount of the same components as the stem and leaf extracts grown on the wild planting. Currently, Studies on mass culture using bioreactor to utilize this are underway, We could confirm the potential possibility of Abeliophyllum distichum cultured products.