This study was aimed at investigating the levels of the natural preservatives of benzoic, sorbic and propionic acids in cereal grains, nuts and seeds. Benzoic and sorbic acid were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and further confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), whereas propionic acid was analyzed using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and further confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Benzoic, sorbic and propionic acids were found in 44, 22, and 550 samples out of 702 samples, respectively. From the total of 702 samples. The concentrations of benzoic, sorbic and propionic acid were ranged from not detected (ND) to 23.74 mg/L, from ND to 7.90 mg/L, and from ND to 37.39 mg/L in cereal grains, nuts and seeds, respectively. The concentration ranges determined in this study could be used as standard criteria in the process of inspecting cereal grains, nuts and seeds for preservatives as well as to address consumer complaints or trade disputes.

본 연구에서는 향신료 중 천연유래 보존료의 함유량을 조사하기 위하여 안식향산, 소브산 및 프로피온산의 함유량을 분석하였다. 향신료 중 안식향산 및 소브산 함량은 액체크로마토그래프 질량분석기(LC-MS/MS)를 이용하였 고, 프로피온산 함량은 가스크로마토그래프 질량분석기 (GC-MS)를 이용하였다. 에탄올을 이용하여 용매추출 후 원심분리 후 농축하는 방법으로 전처리 방법을 확립하였고, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 회수율 측정으로 분석방 법을 검증하였다. 향신료 493건 수거하여 분석한 결과, 안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산은 각각 165건, 88건, 398건에서 검출되었다. 안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산의 검출 범 위는 각각 불검출-391.99 mg/L, 불검출-57.70 mg/L, 불검출 -188.21 mg/L이었다. 안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산의 평 균 검출량이 가장 높게 나타난 품목은 각각 계피(167.15 mg/ L), 바질잎(22.79 mg/L), 백후추(51.48 mg/L)이었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 분석방법은 다양한 향신료를 대상으로 낮은 함량의 천연유래 보존료(안식향산, 소브산, 프로피온산) 분석에 적합한 방법이며, 분석결과는 향신료의 천연유래 보 존료 함유량을 알 수 있는 근거자료이다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과는 향후 식품 검사 시 보존료 사용기준 위반 판정으로 인한 민원제기나 국가간 무역마찰시 기초자료로 활 용될 수 있을 것이다.

Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is an important mediator of skin wound healing without excessive scarring and gastric ulcer healing. However, PGE2 has a short lifetime in vivo because it is metabolized rapidly by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Ethanol extract of Eriobotryae folium (EFEE) elevated intracellular and extracellular PGE2 levels in HaCaT cells and inhibited 15-PGDH (ED50 : 168.4μg/mL) with relatively low cytotoxicity (IC50 : 250.0μg/mL). Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 enzymes were increased and prostaglandin transporter (PGT) was decreased in HaCaT cells by EFEE. Moreover, wound healing effect of EFEE (168.4μg/mL) was comparable to that of TGF-β1 (300 pg/mL) as a positive control. These results demonstrate that EFEE may be valuable therapeutic materials for the treatment of PGE2 level dependent diseases.

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 50%ethanol extract and its fractions from the branch of Rhododendron schlippenbachii. In DPPH radical scavenging ability,butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed 59.98% and 55.17% of relative activity compared with positive control (ascorbicacid), but the 50% ethanol extract showed relatively low activity. In nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability, the ethyl acetateand butanol fractions showed 141.80% and 131.55% relative activity compared with ascorbic acid as used for posi-tive control. On the other hand, tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed about twicehigher activity than positive control (arbutin). It means that the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions from the extract of R.schlippenbachii branch has ability for used as effective radical scavenger and tyrosinase inhibitor.

The study was conducted to investigate functional materials as skin whitening and anti-inflammatory agent from Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum coreanum. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of Taraxacum officinale were found to be 64.07mg/g and 32.46mg/g, respectively. In tyrosinase inhibitory activity, the hot water extract of Taraxacum coreanum was higher than the other extracts. However, in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging ability, the ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum was higher than the other extracts. the ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum showed strong NO production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cell viability measurement by MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against L929 cell, the extracts were exhibited fine cell viabilities and normal LDH release levels as nontoxic result in sample concentration of 250~1000μg/ml. As a result, the ethanol extract and the hot water extract of Taraxacum coreanum could be applicable to functional materials for anti-inflammatory and skin whitening related fields, respectively.

In this study, we investigated antioxidative activity, antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in 75% ethanol extract of Taraxacum coreanum and its fractions. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract were 238.59mg/g and 33.18mg/g and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were 427.81mg/g and 148.90mg/g as the highest content of fractions. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, SC50 values of the ethyl acetate and butanol fraction were 38.40μg/ml and 82.28 μg/ml, respectively. In antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and MRSA, the ethyl acetate fraction showed stronger antibacterial activity than other fractions and the extract. Especially, the ethyl acetate fraction was exhibited effective antibacterial activity against MRSA. In the cytotoxicity measurement by MTT assay, the extract and fractions were exhibited Raw 264.7 cell viabilities of 96.32~143.21% as nontoxic result in concentration of 5~100 μg/ml. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction of the 75% ethanol extract from T. coreanum could be applicable to functional materials for related fields.