This research aims to investigate pudding with grain-added yogurt for its quality characteristics and viability during cold storage. The yogurt was fermented until its pH was 5.10±0.05 after inoculating the probiotic strain (Bifidobacterium lactis, BB-12) into the milk base containing grains. The yogurt was added to prepare probiotic puddings. During cold storage of the puddings at 4±1oC for 4 week, the quality characteristics (pH, acidity, texture) and the viability of BB-12 in pudding were determined and compared to control (only milk base). As a result, MR had a significantly lower pH and higher acidity than those of other samples. In texture properties, including hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, MSIR showed the significantly highest value, and the pudding with inulin was significantly higher than rice flour in all textures. For the viability of BB-12, pudding with milk was significantly lower than pudding containing milk and soymilk, suggesting that soymilk helps maintain viability. MR showed significantly higher viability than MI in the milk-based pudding, indicating that rice flour is more effective than inulin. Therefore, the addition of soymilk, inulin, and rice can maintain quality characteristics and viability of BB-12 in the pudding.

The purpose of this study is to compare the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of the tagatose yogurt with different contents (6, 8, 10%) of cold brew liquid coffee. Tagatose is a low-calorie food ingredient with putative health-promoting benefits. The tagatose yogurt was fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus at 37±1oC for 20 h. The changes in acid production (pH and titratable acidity), viscosity, and lactic acid bacteria were determined every 5 h during fermentation. Color value was determined before and after fermentation, and antioxidant activities were performed after fermentation in triplicate. The yogurts containing cold brew liquid coffee had lower pH, higher acidity, and viscosity than the control, regardless of the liquid coffee contents. All samples had increasing levels of lactic acid bacteria over the fermentation period, but lactic acid bacteria of yogurts with the addition of cold brew liquid coffee increased further than the control. The total polyphenol/flavonoid content, DPPH/ ABTS/H2O2 radical scavenging activities, and reducing power increased when the liquid coffee content of the yogurt rose. Consequently, the optimal quality of tagatose yogurt was found when 6-8% of cold brew liquid coffee was added according to the overall results of quality properties and antioxidant activity.

This research aimed to investigate the effects of the inoculation method and diverse ingredients on the quality properties and probiotics viability of pudding with milk and/or soymilk. The probiotic strain (Lactobacillus acidophilus, LA-5) was inoculated into the yogurt base and fermented until the pH is 5.10 ± 0.05. The fermented yogurt was added into pudding base (yogurt inoculation), or LA-5 was directly inoculated (direct inoculation). During the storage of the puddings at 4±1oC for 4 wks, the quality characteristics (pH, acidity, texture) and the probiotics viability of pudding were measured and compared. As a result, the puddings with yogurt inoculation showed significantly lower pH and higher acidity than those with direct inoculation. In texture properties, including hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, the addition of rice powder increased those in milk pudding more but the addition of inulin in the milk-soymilk pudding more. The addition of rice powder increased probiotics viability more than inulin in milk and milk-soymilk puddings. Therefore, adding rice and/or inulin can potentially improve the probiotics viability and quality characteristics of pudding.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of white pan bread added with wheat sprout powder without treatment (WP) and wheat sprout powder with only enzyme treatment (WPE), only lactic acid bacteria treatment (WPL) and enzyme and lactic acid bacteria treatment (WPE&L). The three different powder concentration levels of 1%, 3%, and 5% were added to flour to produce the white pan bread. The bread volume and specific volume of the WPE&L group were the highest among all the addition groups. The bread weight, a-value, and b-value of the WP group was highest among all the addition groups, but the bread baking loss and the L-value of the WP group was the lowest among all the addition groups. The texture measurements indicated that the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values of the bread were the highest in the WP group. The sensory evaluation test showed that bread in the WPE&L group with 3% wheat sprout powder was the best among all the samples studied. Based on our findings, we suggest that the enzyme and lactic acid bacteria pretreated wheat sprout powder is an effective ingredient for improving the overall quality of white pan bread.

This research investigated the quality properties of yogurts added to barley (1, 2, and 3%) and tagatose or sucrose. After inoculation of S. thermophilus, pH, titratable acidity (TA), viscosity, and viable cell count were measured at 4 h intervals for 16 h and color value, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation were determined after fermentation in triplicate. In the case of yogurt containing only tagatose or sucrose, the pH was hardly decreased, but when 2-3% barley was added, the pH reached below 4.5 before 16 h. In addition, TA and viscosity tended to increase as barely was added. Viable cell count increased slowly in yogurt with tagatose, but rapidly increased when barley was added. As barley content increased, yellowness, redness, and antioxidant activity tended to increase, and significantly higher antioxidant activity in barley tagatose yogurt. Sour strength increased and significant difference in the sweetness was not observed when barley amount increased. Although there was no significant difference in overall acceptability, tagatose yogurt containing 3% barley scored the highest in preference. In conclusion, the fermentation rate of yogurt inhibited by the addition of tagatose is improved by the addition of barley, and the growth rate of lactic acid bacteria is considered to play a role.

To investigate the effects of tagatose added to yogurt fermented with Streptococcus thermophiles (ST) or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus (LB), pH, titratable acidity (TA), sugar content, color value, viable cell number, and sensory evaluation were determined on yogurts added with 7% sucrose, tagatose, or a mixture of sucrose and tagatose in triplicate. After 24 h, pH and sugar content of sucrose-added yogurt reached nearly 4.5 and 4.2 respectively, and were lower than those of yogurt with tagatose (above 5.6 and 8.6, respectively). Also, TA of sucroseadded yogurt (1.51%) was much higher than that of yogurt with tagatose (0.59%). There were no significant differences in color value and viable cell count after 24 h. However, the addition of tagatose seems to slow the growth rate of LB more than that of ST. Sensory preference revealed that mixture-added yogurts scored significantly higher in taste (5.90), texture (5.86), and overall acceptability (6.16) than yogurts with tagatose (5.20, 5.02, and 5.36, respectively), but there was no significant difference from the sucrose-added yogurts. In conclusion, tagatose inhibited the fermentation rate, but the mixture of tagatose and sucrose could be used for yogurts with lower calories and glucose index (GI) without a sensory difference from sucrose-added yogurt.