This study was conducted to determine the content of heavy metals in canned foods and soft drinks available on the Korean markets. Trace metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Sn) were detected in 24 kinds, 120 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The average concentration of heavy metals in canned foods was in the order of Sn (6.930 ppm)$gt;Cr (0.050 ppm)$gt;Pb (0.030 ppm)$gt;Cd (0.008 ppm), which was the same order in soft drinks as Sn (3.519 ppm)$gt;Cr (0.080 ppm)$gt;Pb (0.024 ppm)$gt;Cd (0.001 ppm). The total contents of heavy metals in canned fruits and fiuit juices were relatively higher than those in cans and drinks made of vegetable and fish. It can be supposed that the high acidity owing to the organic acid of fruit itself promotes to extract metals from can materials, and although fish usually contains more heavy metals than vegetables, canned fish revealed low level because internal organs and most of skin which had more heavy metals than meat were removed throughout canning process. Because processed foods such as canned foods and soft drinks are very popular with the children and adolescence according to the change of life style and eating habit, and the possibility of exposure to heavy metals by the habitual intake of these is increasing simultaneously, it is suggested that more practical study about the process of exposure and the amount in each step is needed for the assessment of safety.

This study was conducted to determine the content of inorganic metals in botanical pills and assess the safety of mineral balance in body. Inorganic metals (Fe, Ca, Zn, Na, Mg, K, Pb, Cd, Cr) were detected in 11 kinds, 51 samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The average concentration of inorganic metals in botanical pills was in the order of K(7933.32 mg/kg)$gt;Na(5848.58 mg/kg)$gt;Ca(2441.60 mg/kg)$gt;Mg(1595.34 mg/kg)$gt;Fe(353.14 mg/kg)$gt;Zn(22.49 mg/kg)$gt;Cr(3.51 mg/kg)$gt;Pb(0.24 mg/kg)$gt;Cd(0.09 mg/kg). In samples, Moms and Laminaria contained a great quantity of K and Na, Acanthopanacis cortex, Eucommia ulmoides, Pinus densiflora, Lycii fiuctus, Allium sativum for. pekinense, and Platycode radix had much more amount of K than that of Na, in the mean time, Artemisia capillaris, Carthamus tinctorius seed, and Rubi fiuctus had various kites of plenty inorganic metals. The contents of Pb in grouped samples by used parts, were in the order of radiac(0.54 mg/kg)$gt;cortex(0.36 mg/kg)$gt;leaves (0.20 mg/kg)$gt;fructus(0.20 mg/kg)$gt;seed(0.07 mg/kg), those of Cd were radix(0.16 mg/kg)$gt;leaves(0.09 mg/kg)$gt;fiuctus (0.07 mg/ kg)$gt;seed(0.06 mg/kg)$gt;cortex(0.03 mg/kg), those of Cr were radix(6.34 mg/kg)$gt;cortex(4.25 mg/kg)$gt;fructus (4.20 mg/ kg)$gt;leaves(2.14 mg/kg)$gt;seed(1.67 mg/kg). In the assessment of risk by the daily intake of botanical pills, the amount of Zn, whose PTWI was 7,000 ㎍/kg b.w/week, covered 0.13-0.83%, that of Pb, whose PTWI was 25 ㎍/kg b.w/week, coverd 0.24-1.94%, and that of Cd, whose PTWI was 7 ㎍/kg b.w/week, covered 0.32-2.08% of it.

This study was conducted to determine the content of inorganic metals in soft drinks distributed locally in markets. 6 trace metals (Fe, Ca, Zn, Na, Mg, and K) were detected in 16 kinds of drinks, 80 samples. The average concentration of inorganic metals in vegetable drinks was relatively higher than that of mixed drinks or carbonated drinks. The concentration of calcium, which is advisable inorganic metals for the growth of skeleton and the prevention of osteoporosis, hypertension, was very high and needed to be careful for the consumer who is suffer with lithiasis. Although carbonated drinks are very popular with the children and adolescence owing to the unbalance of the intake of Ca and P, habitual drinking could cause obstruction in skeletal growth and metabolism of Fe, Cu, and Zn. So, it is suggested that more practical study is needed for the intake of inorganic metals.

한강 고수부지 및 지천인 안양천, 탄천, 중랑천변의 경작지에서 채집된 36종 285건의 농작물에 대한 Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu. Hg의 농도를 측정하고 그 결과를 채집 시기, 채집 지역 및 작물별로 비교, 분석한 결과, 작물 중의 중금속 함량은 평균치를 기준으로 볼 때 Fe(34.592 ppm)>Mn(11.071 ppm)>Zn(8.853 ppm)>Cu(1.795 ppm)>Cr(0.237 ppm)>Pb(0.100 ppm)>Cd(0.011 ppm)>Hg(0.003 ppm) 순으로 곡류 및 두류에서는 Zn의 함량이 Mn보다 높고, 채소류와 과실류에서는 Mn의 함량이 Zn보다 높은 양상을 나타냈다. 또한 각 지역에서 채취한 작물의 미량금속 함량의 경우 Fe은 0.004∼203.083 ppm, Cu은 0.017∼22.727 ppm. Mn은 0.000∼74.373 ppm. Zn은 0.080∼37.166 ppm으로 비교적 고농도로 존재하고 있는 반면 유해중금속류인 Pb은 0.000∼0.654 ppm, Cd은 0.000∼0.270 ppm, Cr은 0.000∼l.229 ppm, Hg은 0.000∼0.037 ppm으로 비교적 미량으로 존재함을 알수 있었다. 대상 농작물을 잎, 줄기, 뿌리, 열매로 분류하여 미량금속 함량을 분석한 결과, 분석 대상 금속의 농도가 잎>줄기>뿌리>열매의 순으로 나타났다. 무등의 뿌리 작물에 있어서 Pb은 잎(0.055 ppm))뿌리(0.035 ppm), Cr은 잎(0.118 ppm))뿌리(0.031 ppm), Cd은 잎(0.004 ppm)1뿌리(0.001 ppm), Hg은 잎(0.004 ppm))뿌리(0.001 ppm)으로 뿌리보다 잎에 많은 것으로 나타났는데 이러한 결과로 보아 뿌리는 금속 이온이 흡수되는 기관일 뿐 축적은 잎에 비해 상대적으로 적게 됨을 알 수 있었다.

Limited information is available on the acceptability of Korean MRLs(maximum residue limits) and the health risk based on the pesticide exposure by food intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate TMDI(theoretical maximum daily intake) and EDI(estimated daily intake) for Korean by using MRLs, food intake, residue data, and correction factors, and compare with ADI(acceptable daily intake) in order to estimate the health risk based on the pesticide exposure. The study was performed in three steps. In the first step, the residual pesticides in each category of food were investigated using the pesticide residue analytical data(1995-96) from officially approved organizations and the analytical data for poultry was adopted from Korean food code method. In the second step, TMDI was estimated from MRLs and food factors, and was compared with ADI. In the third step, the effectiveness of each culinary treatment (washing, peeling, steaming, boiling, and salting) was evaluated and EDI was calculated using pesticide residue data, food factor, and correction factor by treatment. TMDI obtained from MRLs and food intake, and food intake was summed as 1,100.99 g, which was 79.1% of total consumption. The percent ratio of TMDI to ADI for 156 pesticides was mostly below 80% and only 30 pesticides exceeded the ADI. In particular, non-treated EDI from pesticide residue data and food intake was summed up to about 43 ug/day/capita, and the rank was procymidone(8.6 ug) $gt; malefic hydrazide(8.2 ug) $gt; EPN(3.7 ug) $gt; deltamethrin(3.5 ug) $gt; cypermethrin(3.0 ug). The treated EDI calculated from pesticide residue data, food intake, and correction factor by culinary treatment was summed up to 13.7ug/day/capita. The percentage of ADI was TMDI(79.74%) $gt; non-treated EDI (0.17%) $gt; treated EDI(0.04%), and the exposure level of Korean population to whole pesticides was below the level to produce health risk. Oncogenic risk of five pesticides used in Korea whose oncogenic potency(Q*) was known were assessed from TMDI and treated EDI. Dietary oncogenic risk for Korean was estimated to be 2.0 × 10^(-3) on the basis of TMDI, 8.3 × 10^(-7) on the basis of treated EDI. The oncogenic risk from TMDI exceeded the risk level(1 × 10^(-6)) of EPA, whereas the oncogenic risk from treated EDI and real exposure level was lower than that of EPA.