본 연구는 문헌비교 연구로서, 지금까지 국내에서 수행된 다섯 편의 국선도 명상 프로그램에 관한 연구를 비교하여, 이들 연구에서 사용된 프로그램의 공통점과 차이점을 분석하였고, 이를 기초로 앞으로 개발되어야 할 국선도 명상 프로그램에 제안할 점을 도출하였다. 제안할 점으로는 첫째, 국선도 명상의 요체인 삼단전 이단호흡법에서 마음을 여는 프로그램이 보완되어야 한다는 점, 둘째, 실생활 중에서 쉽게 할 수 있는 프로그램이 개발되어야 한다는 점, 셋째, 스스로 할 수 있는 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다는 점, 넷째, 국선도 명상 프로그램의 효과가 서로 다르므로 후속 연구가 요망된다는 점, 다섯째, 신체온도변화와 손아귀 힘 등과 같은 신체 변화를 확인하는 연구가 전무하므로 이를 종속변인으로 설정할 필요가 있다는 점, 등이 분석되었다. 본 연구를 기초로 보다 효과적이고 실천하기 쉬운 국선도 명상 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것으로 본다.

This study was to demonstrate the comparison of immunological activity between vegetable soup made by fresh and extruded radish in in-vitro (bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, and mouse splenocytes) and invivo models. In cell survival tests, extruded radish added to vegetable soup (EVS) and non-extruded radish added to vegetable soup powder (NEVS) were treated with bone-marrow derived macrophages, dendritic cells, and mouse splenocytes, and showed no cytotoxic effect at a dose below 1000 μg/mL. EVS treated cells had greater cell proliferation and cytokine [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-2, interferon (INF)-γ] production when compared to the NEVS treated group. Cell surface marker (CD 80/86, MHC class I/II) expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells was evenly increased in the EVS treated group. In in-vivo study, administration of EVS increased for the CD4 and CD8 T cell population in splenocyte and cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α) but not Th2 type cytokines (IL-4). Therefore, adding the extruded radish is a more effective method for vegetable soup to increase immunological activity against immune cells.

Vegetable soup has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-cancer effects. In this study, five kinds of vegetable soup were developed using a new manufacturing process and compositional changes in raw material, and anti-cancer and immuno-stimulatory activities were evaluated. Cytotoxicity tests based on MTT assay revealed that all vegetable soups had strong inhibitory effects against CT26 mouse colon cancer cells, with soups including Solomon’s seal being most effective based on comparison of IC50 values. Apoptosis in response to vegetable soup was occurred by 3-5 fold on cancer cells compared to normal cells. Mouse splenocytes increased by 266-541% in response to addition of vegetable soup in an in vitro proliferation experiment. In co-culture with splenocytes and CT26 cancer cells, splenocytes increased by more than 280% in every vegetable soup treatment, while cancer cells decreased by about 60% and cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-12 were secreted from splenocytes in high levels only in response to vegetable soup including Solomon’s seal. In conclusion, all vegetable soups developed in this study had anti-cancer effects, and vegetable soup including Solomon’s seal showed the strongest anti-cancer and immuno-stimulatory effects. These results suggest that functionality of vegetable soup could be increased by changes in manufacturing processes and raw materials composition.