In this study, kaempferol and its rhamnosides (α-rhamnoisorobin, afzelin, kaempferitrin) were isolated electively by bioconversion technology from Hibiscus cannabinus L. leaves to evaluate the anti-wrinkles effects and anti-microbial effects. In order to evaluate anti-wrinkles activity, reduction of expression matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) protein and proliferation/ pro-collagen production were investigated. Kaempferol and α-rhamnoisorobin showed inhibition activity of MMP-1 generated to compared to positive control. In HaCaT cell proliferation assay, kaempferol and α-rhamnoisorobin significantly promoted cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, procollagen synthesis assays (by HDF-N cell) showd that TGF-β induced procollagen production and also, all four kinds of experimental significantly promoted procollagen synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Kaempferol and α-rhamnoisorobin exhibited strong antimicrobial activities on five of microbes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

In this study, to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of kaempferol and its rhamnosides isolated from Hibiscus cannabinus L. leaves, we investigated UVB-induced inhibitory effects on inflammatory reaction by measuring the cytokine as the prostaglandin (PGE2), interleukine-6 (IL-6) and interleukine-8 (IL-8). We investigated the inhibitory effects of kaempferol and its rhamnosides on TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) and PGE2. Kaempferol and α-rhamnoisorobin showed inhibition activity of TARC generated to compared to positive control. Kaempferol, α-rhamnoisorobin and afzelin Inhibited the release of PGE2. Also, only kaempferol significantly inhibited interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-8 (IL-8) among UVB-induced inflammatory cytokine.

본 연구에서는 kaempferol 및 그 배당체의 항산화 및 항염증 효능을 평가하기 위해 free radical 소거활성, ROS inhibition assay, TARC 생성 억제 관련 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 kaempferol과 그들의 rhamnosides (α-rhamnoisorobin, afzelin, kaempferitrin)의 구조에 따른 생리적 활성의 상관관계를 조사하였다. Kaempferol과 α-rhamnoisorobin은 free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성(FSC50)에서 각각 62.5, 50.0 μM이 측정되었으며 afzelin과 kaempferitrin은 농도와 상관없이 free radical 소거활성을 나타내지 않았다. ROS inhibition assay에서는 시료 농도를 10, 50, 100 μM을 처리한 결과 kaempferol은 대조군(100 %)에 비하여 ROS 발현 농도를 각각 97.5, 57.8, 47.8 %로 감소하였으며 α-rhamnoisorobin은 93.1, 59.1, 41.4 %의 감소를 나타내었다. TARC (thymus and activation regualted chemokine)생성 억제능 실험을 통해 시료의 항염증 효능을 평가한 결과 kaempferol은 10, 50, 100 μM 농도에서 대조군 (100 %)에 대비하여 각각 48.8, 5.5, 4.4 %로 농도 의존적으로 TARC 생성을 감소시켰으며, α-rhamnoisorobin은 88.1, 19.0, 1.0 %로 TARC 생성의 감소 효능을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 kaempferol과 그들의 rhamnoside 중 kaempferol과 α-rhamnoisorobin은 항산화, 항염증에 대한 우수한 효능을 나타내는 것으로 사료되며 더 나아가서는 항노화 및 항염증에 효과가 있는 기능성 화장품에 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.