The objective of this study is to investigate indoor radon concentrations and identify influencing factors for one of the representative house type in South Korea. We surveyed 3,000 detached houses using alpha track (raduet) between November 2013 and March 2014. The Arithmetic mean radon concentration of the houses studied was 147.9 Bq/m3 (GM=106.4 Bq/m3), and the range was 11.8 to 1,936.6 Bq/m3. The Arithmetic mean radon concentration in living rooms was 134.2 Bq/m3 (GM=98.8 Bq/m3), much higher value compar with the Arithmetic mean radon concentration in bedrooms (153.0 Bq/m3). The year of constructon, basement status, ventilation frequency and heating period in a house were identified as major factors influencing indoor radon concentrations. The indoor radon concentrations in houses that were constructed prior to 1990 and that had basements were higher than those in the comparison groups. On the other hand, houses that were frequently ventilated and had a short heating period showed a tendency toward lower indoor radon concentration.

In this study, this researcher measured the indoor concentration of radon in elementary schools located in Chungcheongnamdo, and conducted a questionnaire survey from June 2008 to June 2011. Indoor radon densities of elementary schools by season were 86.4 Bq/m3 in winter, 71.2 Bq/m3 in fall, 61.1 Bq/m3 in spring, and 40.5 Bq/ m3 in summer in order. Among flooring materials by construction material, the radon level of concrete was 57.8 Bq/ m3, and cement was 71.5 Bq/m3. For exterior wall materials, it was established that the density of cement, concrete, wood, and soil was 102.9 Bq/m3, 64.4 Bq/m3, 51.0 Bq/m3, and 48.7 Bq/m3, respectively. In addition, for radon densities according to distances between a detector and floors, 150 cm and under was recorded at 99.3 Bq/m3, 151 to 200 cm was recorded at 62.6 Bq/m3, and 201 cm and more was recorded at 59.2 Bq/m3 sequentially. From the results of analyzing correlations between radon concentrations and factors affecting the indoor radon concentrations in elementary schools, it was discovered that the nearer the distances to floors were and the older the construction was(r = 0.300), the higher were indoor radon concentrations. With regard to factors influencing the indoor radon concentrations in elementary schools, derived from multiple regression analysis, it was revealed that distances from floors has the greatest influence(β = 0.354, p < 0.05). And it was determined that the construction year was also a factor contributing to indoor radon levels. This had an explanation power of 27.9%.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the preference, intake frequency and eating behavior for kimchi as well as analyze the differences by gender among fourth to sixth grade students (n=410) in a Chungnam region. Approximately 64% of the students liked the spicy taste of kimchi, 75.9% liked the saltiness, and 48.5% liked well-fermented kimchi. The disliking factors of kimchi were its sour taste (38.5%), strong scent (20.1%), and salty taste (15.4%). The most preferred type of kimchi was Baechukimchi, followed by Kkakduki, Yeolmukimchi, and Chonggakkimchi. Further, the most frequently consumed type of kimchi was Baechukimchi, followed by Kkakduki, Chonggakkimchi and Yeolmukimchi. Oisobaki, welsh onion kimchi, sesame leaf kimchi, Gatkimchi, Nabakkimchi and Baekkimchi were rarely consumed. About 34% of the students consumed 5 to 7 pieces of kimchi per meal, and 84.1% enjoyed eating kimchi, mostly because of its good taste (61.3%). The reason for not eating kimchi was because other side dishes are more delicious (30.2%). About 80% of the students responded that they prepared kimchi at home. Moreover, 74.3% of the students eat kimchi much more at home than at school. Improvements to be made for kimchi at school were as follows: less salty (34.9%), less spicy (27.6%), and sweet (22.5%). In conclusion, students enjoyed eating kimchi because of its good taste. Further, they showed preference for Baechukimchi, Kkakduki, and Yeolmukimchi and consumed them frequently. Because kimchi appears to be more preferred and more frequently consumed, it is necessary to develop a menu using kimchi along with the proper eating guidance for helping students consume various types of kimchi at school or at home.

In this study, the concentration distribution of radon, we analyzed from 55 house, 37 government office, 54 schoolfrom June 2008-June 2011 in Chungnam area. From the result of surveying indoor radon degree of 146 facilities,the annual average geometric concentration of indoor radon was 69.4Bq/m³, 40.5Bq/m³, 51.4Bq/m³ in house,government office, school respectively. As for distribution of concentration based on seasons, the radonconcentration showed the highest concentration in winter in all facilities. According to the result of the analysisby dividing the construction year, into before 60s, 60-70s, 80-90s and 2000s, the radon concentration was lowerin all the newly constructed facilities. As for difference in radon concentration due to the presence or absence ofbasement, concentration of house, government office and schools having basement was 52.2Bq/m³, 44.5Bq/m³,36.4Bq/m³ that of having no basement was 75.2Bq/m³, 53.6Bq/m³, 67.4Bq/m³ respectively. Place having nobasement tend to show higher concentration.

본 연구에서는 kaempferol 및 그 배당체의 항산화 및 항염증 효능을 평가하기 위해 free radical 소거활성, ROS inhibition assay, TARC 생성 억제 관련 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 kaempferol과 그들의 rhamnosides (α-rhamnoisorobin, afzelin, kaempferitrin)의 구조에 따른 생리적 활성의 상관관계를 조사하였다. Kaempferol과 α-rhamnoisorobin은 free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성(FSC50)에서 각각 62.5, 50.0 μM이 측정되었으며 afzelin과 kaempferitrin은 농도와 상관없이 free radical 소거활성을 나타내지 않았다. ROS inhibition assay에서는 시료 농도를 10, 50, 100 μM을 처리한 결과 kaempferol은 대조군(100 %)에 비하여 ROS 발현 농도를 각각 97.5, 57.8, 47.8 %로 감소하였으며 α-rhamnoisorobin은 93.1, 59.1, 41.4 %의 감소를 나타내었다. TARC (thymus and activation regualted chemokine)생성 억제능 실험을 통해 시료의 항염증 효능을 평가한 결과 kaempferol은 10, 50, 100 μM 농도에서 대조군 (100 %)에 대비하여 각각 48.8, 5.5, 4.4 %로 농도 의존적으로 TARC 생성을 감소시켰으며, α-rhamnoisorobin은 88.1, 19.0, 1.0 %로 TARC 생성의 감소 효능을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 kaempferol과 그들의 rhamnoside 중 kaempferol과 α-rhamnoisorobin은 항산화, 항염증에 대한 우수한 효능을 나타내는 것으로 사료되며 더 나아가서는 항노화 및 항염증에 효과가 있는 기능성 화장품에 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

본 연구는 댐으로 유입되는 하천수의 수질과 부유물질의 특성 분석을 통하여 댐의 탁수발생원인을 환경지질학적으로 규명하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 2004년 5월부터 8월까지 3회에 걸쳐 가창댐의 본 댐 유역, 수변과 상류지역의 토양, 암석, 유입하천을 대상으로 댐 원수와 하천수, 토양, 암석, 부유물질의 특성을 ICP, IC, 입도분석기, XRD, SEM로써 분석하였다. 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 EC, 탁도, 양이온, 음이온의 농도가 증가하는데, 이는 풍화와 같은 지질학적인 영향으로 이온들의 총량이 증가하기 때문이다. 부유물과 토양내의 주 광물조성은 질석, 일라이트, 카올리나이트, 석영, 장석, 철수산화물 등이었다. 토양의 경우, 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 세립질 10% 구간(d10)의 입자의 양이 약간 증가하며, 부유물은 댐에 가까워질수록 질석의 함량이 증가한다. 그러나 본 유역을 구성하는 암석은 대부분 유사함을 보이고 이러한 지질분포특성에 의하여 부유물과 토양의 광물조성의 변화는 거의 나타나지 않는다. 부유물을 구성하는 점토광물들은 주변의 토양 구성광물과 유사하며 주변 모암의 풍화작용에 의해 생성된 토양으로부터 유래된 것을 지시한다.