The purpose of this study is to detect metabolic syndrome components related to exposure of organic solventthrough comparison and analysis of metabolic syndrome components between workers at the workplace exposedto organic solvent (toluene, xylene, styrene) and workers at general workplace. During the period from Januaryto December 2010, the survey was conducted against male workers of 168,769 persons with age group 30-59completed medical checkup, dividing workers at organic solvent exposed work place and workers of generalworkplace against which comparisons were carried out about the result of general characteristics, blood test.Whether exposed to organic solvent and exposed period relationship with metabolic syndrome components wereidentified through execution of multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rate of the metabolic syndromeby age was 15.0% for the 30s, 19.8% for the 40s, 22.9% for the 50s. For the whole workers, the prevalence rateof the metabolic syndrome was 17.4% in exposed workplace and 18.4% in general workplace that was higherthan the rate in exposed workplace. Even if age, drinking, smoking, exercise, region and BMI were corrected,the exposure to the organic solvent was the higher the significance of blood pressure and fasting glucose werestatistically and also the longer the period of exposure was, the higher the significance of blood pressure wasstatistically. In this study, the exposure to the organic solvent showed a statistically significant relevance with bloodpressure and fasting glucose among the metabolic syndrome components and the period of exposure showed astatistically significant relevance with blood pressure. Further researches should be conducted by prospective cohortstudy about the organic solvent and the metabolic syndrome components supplementing the defects.

This study was conducted to evaluate the health risk of workers exposed to phenyl glycidyl ether to prevent themfrom developing occupational diseases. The workplaces that coat floor with epoxy were selected and the sampleswere collected and analyzed with NIOSH 1619 Method. Unit risk was calculated according to the animalcarcinogenicity study. Excess cancer risk was also calculated by multiplying unit risk by exposure concentration.Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate the median, cumulative 90%, and cumulative 95% value.Phenyl glycidyl ether is a skin, eye irritator and can result in allergic reaction, nausea, intoxication. Unit risk wascalculated as 0.04 (mg/m³)-¹ based on the tumor incidence in rats. Geometric mean and geometric standarddeviation was also calculated as 0.112 ppm and 0.223, respectively by the workplace environment measurements.The median, cumulative 90%, and cumulative 95% value of excess cancer risk were calculated as 0.0244, 0.1328,0.1596, respectively. Not only cumulative 90% and cumulative 95% value but also the median of excess cancerrisk is much higher than 1×10-⁴ by the risk characterization, so there is a possibility of carcinogenesis to workers.Therefore, supervisors or managers of each workplace have to keep doing the risk management of their workplacesfor workers to reduce exposure to phenyl glycidyl ether.

Ammonia is one of typical index substances of environmental odor. This study describes a rapid and simpleadsorption tube type detector to be able to measure the level of strict emission standards with quantitativeconcentration of gaseous ammonia as the regulations are enhanced. a gas detector tube can be measured theammonia gas concentration of 0.23ppm, 0.5ppm, 1ppm, 1.5ppm and 2ppm through the relation between theSampling rate Kog (=DA/L) and the discoloration reaction rate by physico-chemical analysis. Also this study canbe predicted the relation between the sampling volume and the sampling time. and it can be designed to measuringthe range of various concentrations. In this case study, an optimum design was found with an sampling rate, 42ml/min and with a tube diameter, 3.0mm. Adsorption and diffusion rate was evaluated by Fick's law.

This research is carried out to investigate the odor emission characteristics in a sewage treatment plant. The plantwas divided into four areas (boundary areas, sewage treatment processes, sludge treatment processes and odortreatment plants), and measured around 27 sampling points. Odor characteristics from each areas were evaluatedby air dilution olfactory method and NH₃/SO₂/VOCs passive sampler, mainly in terms of spatial distribution. Themain odor emission sources were found out to be dewatering plant (S-4) of sludge, sludge transshipment place(S-5), and the outlet of odor treatment plant (B-2, B-3). The correlation between dilution number (OU) and ammoniaconcentration of passive sampler appeared to be low; correlation coefficient 0.49, but correlation coefficient for theresults of sulfur dioxide and toluene were very high, 0.95 and 0.93, respectively. These results indicate that odorcompounds form sewage treatment facility are mainly due to sulfur compounds and volatile organic compounds.

Day-care center is one of living micro-environments for children. In urban area, day-care centers may be influencedby air pollutants emitted from the vehicle exhaust. In this work, diurnal variation of major pollutants and effectof outdoor air on indoor air quality were investigated using real-time instruments for a day-care center locatednear the heavy road. 48-h continuous monitoring at both indoor and outdoor were made in summer. The day-care center equipped with ceiling system air-conditioners was operated from 7:30 a.m. to 19:30 p.m. Indoor CO₂concentration responded greatly to the human activity. Indoor NO₂ concentration shows a big difference betweendaytime and nighttime, implying that outdoor NO₂ may penetrate into the indoor through opening of doors orwindows during the daytime. Indoor to outdoor concentration ratio of submicron particle surface area is <1 dueto the penetration of outdoor ultrafine particles.

The current interest in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is mainly due to its effect on human health.Exposure to outdoor PM is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. Indoor air contains a complexmixture of bioaerosols such as bacteria, fungi and allergens. Children are known to be more susceptible tothe exposures of PM and bioaerosols which are represented by airborne bacteria, fungi, and allergens. Thisstudy is to assess concentrations of the atmospheric PM and bioaerosols indoors and outdoors at 15 daycarecenters for children located in Seoul. Particles were measured indoors and outdoors with automatic particlemonitoring using beta radiation absorption. Airborne bacteria and fungi were sampled by Anderson sampler.Analysis shows that average indoor PM10 was 95.7µg/m³ (SD 26.6µg/m³) and average level of airbornebacteria and fungi were 575.0CFU/m³ (SD 431.6CFU/m³) and 77.9CFU/m³ (SD 45.6CFU/m³), respectively.Finally, efficient ventilation and effective air cleaning strategies are necessary to reduce indoor concentrationsof particles and bioaerosols.

In this study, leachate treatment facility (outlet, facility inside) and landfill sections (vent systems, landfill surface)of nine landfills is being buried in korea were studied emission characteristics of odor compounds. Air dilutionvalue in ventpipes of landfill section was generally highest and was more 3 times higher than emission standard(air dilution value of facilities outlet : 500) in Daejeon, Tongyeong, and Busan landfill. Outlet of leachate treatmentfacilities in Tongyeong and Daegu landfill, in case, was higher respectively 20 times, 6 times than other landfills,commonly show that a large contribution to the odor of hydrogen sulfide. In case of ordor emission rate, ammoniaand hydrogen sulfide were surveyed to comprise a high rate for odor emission rate. Odor emissions based onlandfill scale, large landfill (Sudokwon) and small landfills (Yeosu, Chuncheon, Chungju) is low in odor emissionsper unit area, whereas medium landfill (Busan, Daejeon, Daegu) was estimated to be high odor emissions. In caseof large landfill, leachate treatment facilities is management in good condition and discharged odor emission oflandfill sections was low into ambient air. In case of small landfill, decay gases and leachate is few. Thereforeodor emissions is fewer than estimated medium landfill. In case of medium landfill, management condition ofleachate treatment facility was in poor and landfill sections was under not stabilization stage. Thus, mediumlandfills was identified that needs to be intensive care.

In the study, public facilities in Korea covered by the law, including PC-rooms, child care facilities, bus terminalwaiting rooms, elderly nursing facilities, movie theaters, underground subway stations, super super markets andindoor parking lots (8 types of facility, for a total of 32 locations) were investigated for indoor gas phase PAHsand particulate phase PAHs. PAHs source profiles were investigated as well. Finally, public facilities PAHs wereestimated the main influencing factors and sources of indoor by factor analysis. Underground subway stations andPC-rooms tended to be higher the concentration than other facilities. It judged each the effects of car exhaust,smoking, and elderly nursing facilities, child care facilities, movie theaters, where the influence of the outdoor airis less relatively direct effect that car exhaust and incoming of ambient air, were showed low concentration. Supersuper markets displayed a large amount of different products and bus terminal waiting rooms influenced car exhaustis higher than those that. Sources of indoor PAHs in public facilities make out profiling(cooking process: broilingmeat and fish, incense, shampoo, decorative candles, tobacco) and on the effects of ambient on reported existingliterature(of diesel and gasoline engines, heating fuel, coke oven, a wood combustion) was referred for factor analysisto estimate emission sources. As a result of particulate PAHs phase, three major factors were showed that factor1: cooking, use of gas fuel and combustion devices, factor 2: smoking. Factor 3: car exhaust. Factor analysis resultsof gas PAHs phase are similar to particulate PAHs phase. Additionally, factors such as air fresheners was estimated.

In this study, the concentration distribution of radon, we analyzed from 55 house, 37 government office, 54 schoolfrom June 2008-June 2011 in Chungnam area. From the result of surveying indoor radon degree of 146 facilities,the annual average geometric concentration of indoor radon was 69.4Bq/m³, 40.5Bq/m³, 51.4Bq/m³ in house,government office, school respectively. As for distribution of concentration based on seasons, the radonconcentration showed the highest concentration in winter in all facilities. According to the result of the analysisby dividing the construction year, into before 60s, 60-70s, 80-90s and 2000s, the radon concentration was lowerin all the newly constructed facilities. As for difference in radon concentration due to the presence or absence ofbasement, concentration of house, government office and schools having basement was 52.2Bq/m³, 44.5Bq/m³,36.4Bq/m³ that of having no basement was 75.2Bq/m³, 53.6Bq/m³, 67.4Bq/m³ respectively. Place having nobasement tend to show higher concentration.

Odorous compounds produced from blackwater commonly cause domestic nuisance complaints. In this study, aseries of experiments was conducted to apply an electrolytic oxidation system to abate the odor problems fromblackwater. The electrolytic process removes odorous compounds from the liquid sources using direct and indirectoxidation; therefore, the system performance mainly relies on electrode materials. Four different electrodematerials, SS304, SS316, Ti, Ti/IrO₂, were applied, and the electrolytic oxidation showed that hydrogen sulfideand organic constituents were effectively removed. However, the weights of electrodes, SS304 and SS316, weredecreased by 7.5~8% due to the electrochemical decomposition from the anode surface. In order to improve thedurability and economical feasibility, SS304 was used as the cathode while Ti/IrO₂ was used as the anode. Theelectrode combination with the different materials (Ti/IrO₂:SS304) showed the same odor removal efficiency asthat using the same material (Ti/IrO₂:Ti/IrO₂). Consequentially, the electrolytic reaction to oxidize odorous andorganic constituents in humane manure was strongly affected by the electrode materials, and its combination needsto be carefully selected to achieve better performance.