In this study, swine and cattle farms located in Jeollanam-do were selected to analyze and evaluate the components of odorants in livestock facilities. In addition, a preliminary survey of the literature was conducted to establish a sampling and analysis method for phenol and indoles which are major components of odor emissions from livestock facilities, yet are not regulated by the laws. To establish a sampling and analysis method for phenol and indoles, Tedlar bag and Tenax-TA sorbent tube was used as background concentration of blank sample and samples according to the elapsed time. The results obtained indicate the GC/MS analysis with Tenax-TA sorbent tube sampling was an effective method for measuring the compounds of phenol and indoles. In the swine facility, the rankings of the odorants in order, from highest to lowest, were ammonia, sulfuric compounds, phenol/indoles, volatile fatty acids. The main odorants were hydrogen sulfide (41.3%) and 4-methylphenol (p-cresol, 13.9%). In the swine slurry storage, hydrogen sulfide (33.7%), ammonia (18.8%), and 3-methylindole (skatole, 15.7%) were the main odorants, and hydrogen sulfide (31%) and i-valeric acid (32.4%) were the main odorants in the cattle farms.

In this study, leachate treatment facility (outlet, facility inside) and landfill sections (vent systems, landfill surface)of nine landfills is being buried in korea were studied emission characteristics of odor compounds. Air dilutionvalue in ventpipes of landfill section was generally highest and was more 3 times higher than emission standard(air dilution value of facilities outlet : 500) in Daejeon, Tongyeong, and Busan landfill. Outlet of leachate treatmentfacilities in Tongyeong and Daegu landfill, in case, was higher respectively 20 times, 6 times than other landfills,commonly show that a large contribution to the odor of hydrogen sulfide. In case of ordor emission rate, ammoniaand hydrogen sulfide were surveyed to comprise a high rate for odor emission rate. Odor emissions based onlandfill scale, large landfill (Sudokwon) and small landfills (Yeosu, Chuncheon, Chungju) is low in odor emissionsper unit area, whereas medium landfill (Busan, Daejeon, Daegu) was estimated to be high odor emissions. In caseof large landfill, leachate treatment facilities is management in good condition and discharged odor emission oflandfill sections was low into ambient air. In case of small landfill, decay gases and leachate is few. Thereforeodor emissions is fewer than estimated medium landfill. In case of medium landfill, management condition ofleachate treatment facility was in poor and landfill sections was under not stabilization stage. Thus, mediumlandfills was identified that needs to be intensive care.

This study was performed in the 48 selected public facilities in three metropolitan cities (Seoul, Daejeon, and Kwangjoo) and three general cities (Suncheon, Gwangyang, and Yeosu) to measure of the characteristics from May to October 2011. Air samples (PM2.5) were collected at the indoor and outdoor places for 24-hrs using the mini volume air sampler and analyzed 24 gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through the GC/MS. The recoveries of gaseous and particulate PAHs ranged between 60.7% to 127.2% and 57.7% to 132.5% respectively and its relative standard deviation (RSD) was 11.1%. This QA/QC results about the were adequate for the Korean national standards. The concentration levels of the PAHs in present study were acenaphthene 〉dibenz(a,h)anthracene 〉benzo(g,h,i)perylene 〉3-methylcholanthrene 〉 indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene for the particulate PAHs in the 48 selected public facilities. In the case of acenaphthene, the mean concentration showed the highest levels of 22.42 ng/㎥ and 34.57 ng/㎥ in the level of gaseous and particulate phase, respectively. The total PAHs concentration for the PC room is the highest in surveyed public facilities of this study and the smoking/non smoking ratio in the PC room was 3.45. This results indicated that smoking in the PC room is seemed to play a major source and the effective risk management strategies were needed to minimize or eliminate the public health effect for customers in the PC room.

This study was performed in the 175 selected child-care facilities in the urban area (Seoul, Suwon, Daejeon, and Busan) and the industrial complex area (Sihwa and Yeosu) to measure of the characteristics of VOCs in the indoor air from August, 2007 to April, 2008. All samples were collected at the indoor and outdoor places to the child-care facilities in spring, summer, and winter seasons using the Tenex absorption trap and were analyzed through the GC/MSD. The mean concentration of VOCs in the 175 child-card facilities showed the highest levels of 73.68 ㎍/m³in the toluene and the lowest levels of 0.28 ㎍/m³in the chlorobenzene. In the concentration of the TVOC, it exceeded 2.5 times more as the indoor air quality guideline in Korea. The result of this study was found that the concentration of VOCs in the child-care facilities in Korea may influenced from the some factors such as the constructional period, traffic density, and ventilation rate. These findings may expected to imply that effective risk management strategies should be applied to minimize the public health effects for children in the child-care facilities in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of aldehydes from new apartments in three cities(Suncheon, Yeosu, and Gwangyang) of Chonnam region. The target apartments were within 3 months after the completion of construction. Aldehydes were sampled using 2,4-DNPH cartridge and analyzed by HPLC. Temperature and relative humidity were monitored continuously every one minute by digital temperature and hygrometer. As the concentration ratio of formaldehyde between back-up and front cartridge was 3.94 6.97%, the 2,4-DNPH cartridge method satisfied a breakthrough problem for the sample collection. The repeatability of retention time and peak area for HPLC were excellent as 0.5 and 1.5%, respectively. The upper floor of S apartment (16 pyong) showed the highest concentration of formaldehyde as 1,093㎍/㎥. The average concentration of formaldehyde was the highest in K apartment(52 pyong) as 1,045㎍/㎥. The average concentration of formaldehyde in S apartment(16 pyong) and C apartment(25 pyong) were 872.6㎍/㎥ and 737.5㎍/㎥, respectively. The I/O ratios of formaldehyde were 56.9 60.0(mean : 59.1), 37.9 43.3(mean : 39.8) and 18.3 29.3(mean : 23.3) in K, C and S apartment, respectively. Therefore, it is believed that the indoor concentration of formaldehyde was very serious in new apartment. From these results, it is important that building material which emit low indoor pollutant should be selected for new apartments. In addition, management program for indoor air, such as using an adequate amount of adhesives, should be considered and indoor optimum condition should be maintained in new apartments.

독일 음악이 바그너의 영향으로 막다른 골목에 도달했다는 판단이 독일의 젊은 작곡가들 로 하여금 제 1차 세계대전 이후 19세기 음악을 더 강하게 거부하고 비판하도록 하였다. 특 히 바그너 이후 작곡된 오페라의 감각적 자극성이 문제로 대두되면서 음악의 감각적 특성에 대한 거부감이 극단적으로 표출되었는데, 이러한 거부감 밑바탕에는 음악의 감각적 특성에 대한 고정관념이 깔려있었다. 흥미롭게도 같은 시기 19세기 음악에 반대되는 음악으로 재즈 가 관심을 받기 시작했고, 이 때 재즈의 감각적인 특성이 유례없는 긍정적인 평가를 받았다. 본 논문에서는 19세기 음악의 감각적 특성이 1920년대 독일에서 어떻게 비판되었는지 살 펴본 다음, 재즈의 감각적 특성이 어떻게 받아들여지고 평가되었는지를 알아보고, 재즈에 관 심을 보이고 전폭적으로 자신의 음악에 수용한 쿠르트 바일(Kurt Weill, 1900-1950)의 작품 을 통해 새로운 음악을 추구했던 작곡가들은 음악의 감각적 특성에 대한 고정관념을 깨트릴 수 있었는지에 대해 고찰해본다.

페루치오 부조니는 전설적인 피아니스트였을 뿐 아니라 작곡가이며 교육자였고 음악미학 에 관한 글들을 발표하여 20세기 초반에 새로운 음악을 추구하는 젊은 음악가들에게 다방면 으로 영향력을 행사하였던 인물이다. 그의 음악관의 핵심은 ‘젊은 고전성’(Junge Klassizität) 인데, 이 논문에서는 ‘젊은 고전성’을 정의하고 20세기 신고전주의와의 관계를 논하여 부조 니의 미학을 소개하는 한편, 20세기 전반 낭만주의와 표현주의에 대한 반동으로 발생한 고전 주의적 음악과의 차이를 어휘적, 개념적 관점에서 살펴본다.