It has been recognized that the morphologies of the SNRs from the radio observation are "barrel shaped". To interpret the mechanism of the radiation and the physical state of the environments, we have analytically calculated the dynamical structure of the interacting region in the case where the ejectum has a steep power-law density profile(ρ∼r−n ρ∼r−n ) and the ambient medium has a shallow power-law density profile(ρ∼r−s ρ∼r−s ), assuming that the cosmic rays are isotropically accelerated in the shock wave and the magnetic fields are very weak. The calculated synchrotron radio maps show that the emission from the equator is intense and the emissions from the central and polar regions are less intense. Also the thicknesses of the shell are strongly dependent on s and weakly on n. The azimuthal intensity ratio α α increases as the efficiency of the cosmic ray acceleration increases and s decreases. We compared the results with the morphology of the SNR A. D. 1006(type I SNR). It does agree with the case of s = 0, w = 0.3 - 0.5. This value for w is consistent with the results by Eichler(1979). It provides us the evidence of the cosmic ray acceleration in the shock wave.

The proposed evaporation disk model is improved to figure out two flow system ~n the observed bipolar molecular outflow and stellar optical jet. Using the improved model, we can interpret the dymanical interactions of the two flows as well as obtain the physical parameter distributions along the flows Numerical & analytical adiabatic hydrodynamic calculations of the stellar jet inside show that the jet Mach number increases with an inversely proportional to the jet radius and M₁∼35, V₁∼150㎞/sec, Z₁∼0.1 pc, R₁∼0.05pc, T₁∼10³K, ρ₁-4.3×10^(-3)g/㎤(n₁∼25/㎤) at the end of the flow. By the way, in the case of the molecular flow. which is developed from the evaporated disk wind, the same calculations show that the flow Mach number increases with an inversely proportional to the mass flux distribution and M_d∼15, V₁∼15㎞/sec, Z_d∼1pc, R_d∼025pc, T_d∼10²K, ρ_d∼4.0×10^(-3)g/㎤(n_d∼25/㎤) at the flow end Most of the calculated physical parameters in the two flows consistent with the observational ones very well. The theoretically calculated flows develope the supersonic flows to make the shocked regions at the ends of flows. These regions are gravitationally unstable to produced the fragmentations whose masses are∼2 M- in the stellar let case and 0.3 M_⊙ in the bipolar flow case. This mass distribution supports that both the origins of Herbig-Haro objects and the birth of low mass stars are attributed to the instabilities of the shocked regions in the stellar jets and the bipolar molecular flows respectively.

이 연구는 협력적 자문화기술지로 교내 온라인 체육 한마당이 함의하고 있는 운영 사례와 교육적 의미를 심층적으로 분석하고 이를 통해 시사점을 도출하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 교내 온라인 체육 한마당의 기획·운영·평가에 참여한 교사 3인, 학생 3인 학부모 1인이 협력하여 다양한 경험적 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 교내 온라인 체육 한마당은 교사와 학생의 실태조사를 통해 모든 학생의 참여, 체력증진, 공동체 의식 함양, 자기주도적인 참여 등의 철학을 함께 공유하며 기획되었다. ‘우리’는 코로나 19 상황을 이겨내기 위해 학교 체육수업과 교육과정의 연계성을 강조하며 교육적 철학을 담은 11개 프로그램을 설계하고 운영하였다. 교내 온라인 체육 한마당은 기존 체육대회와 달리 평가의 어려움이 존재하였지만 구체적인 피드백 제공과 영상 제작을 통해 교육 적인 의미와 가치를 함께 공유할 수 있었다. 이러한 교내 온라인 체육 한마당의 교육적 의미는 첫째, 교내 온라인 체육 한마당은 변화는 있었지만 기존 체육 한마당의 특성과 다양한 교육적 의미를 전달하기에는 변함없는 행사였다. 둘째, 자신과 반별 경쟁을 통한 성장의 과정을 거쳐 상호작용을 통한 화합의 결과를 담고 있었다. 셋째, 다양한 프로그램의 적극적인 참여를 통해 언택트 시대의 소통 부재로 인한 인간관계 증진에 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 끝으로, 이 연구가 새로운 변화의 시대에 변함없는 체육교육의 공감대가 형성되는 계기가 되길 희망해본다.

IPCC Guidelines have been updated after the first official announcement to get more precise estimation of GHG emissions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the implications of the IPCC Guidelines improvements including equations of country-specific parameter values for estimating GHG emissions for rice cultivation on the agricultural sector. In addition, we analyze the effects of emission factors associated with organic amendment applications. The results of this study are as follows; (1) the total GHG emissions of rice cultivation based on 1996 IPCC GL are 28% lower than those estimated by 2006 IPCC GL with the same year data; (2) GHGs can be reduced up to 60% through the assumption of organic fertilizer applications; (3) Jeonnam and Chungnam are the worst regions for GHG emissions on rice cultivation and Chungbuk shows the highest reduction rate of GHG emissions, about 40%.