Canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (CIMC) similar to human inflammatory breast cancer is a very aggressive, metastatic type of cancer. Previous studies have introduced a new type of tumor angiogenesis called vasculogenic mimicry that may play an important role in the progression of inflammatory mammary cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development process of vessels by neoplastic cells in CIMC. Patient dog, 14-year old Shit-Tzu female, had a hard and somewhat movable dark-reddish mammary tumor, sized 6.2 cm in diameter. Bloody dark turbid exudate was released from the tumor. In addition to histological examination, immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin, VCAM-1, MECA- 32, TWIST-1, and Ki-67 was respectively performed using the ABC method. Histologically, the inflammatory mammary carcinoma was characterized by tubular solid tumor emboli within the lymphatic vessels surrounded by desmoplastic fibrous connective tissue. Some of the neoplastic cells were transforming into elongate or spindle shapes and forming small vessel-like structures in the solid tumor mass. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for VCAM-1 and MECA-32, but showed low immunoreactivity for Ki-67. Immunoreactive neoplastic cells for VCAM-1 and MECA-32 suggested the possibility that the neoplastic cells transform into endothelial cells of vessels by epithelial-mesenchymal transition, further supported by serial morphological changes identified by histological investigation and immunohistochemistry for TWIST-1. The high capacity of the neoplastic cells forming the vasculatures in CIMC explains the high ratio of metastasis to other regions, even though Ki-67 index was not so high.

An interference fit is a fastening between two parts which is achieved by friction after the parts are pushed together, rather than by any other means of fastening. A fit is depending on which part has its size controlled to determine the fit. To select an amount of interference see KS standard tables for class from light to heavy drive fits. The aim of this paper is to find the optimal gap under the interference fit with lowest contact pressure to the two cylinders. To accurately determine the amount of interference clearance, must consider the fluctuation of the response parameters such as contact pressure, displacements and stresses. The response of the cylinder system is modelled with the probabilistic finite element method using the Monte Carlo simulation. The probabilistic design is carried out using ANSYS probabilistic design software. And then the optimal design of the interference gap is sequentially solved to find the solution. The practical optimal design is proposed for the design of the interference fit system. The numerical results are obtained where the displacements and stresses treated as constraints.

In the present study, we investigated the expression patterns of p63, a member of the p53 gene family, in hair follicle cells at different stages of the hair cycle and examined the relation with cell proliferation activity. For this study, immunohistochemistry for p63 and Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation, was performed in skin obtained from C3H/he mice with depilation. In the anagen stage, p63 was strongly expressed in the cells of bulge areas and epithelial strand, matrix cells of the hair bulbs and outer root sheath cells, but inner root sheath cells and dermal papilla cells were negative for p63. These expression patterns of p63 were similarly noted in hair follicles in the early catagen stage. In the late catagen and telogen stages of hair follicles, outer root sheath cells, seboblasts and duct cells were immunoreactive for p63. On the other hand, Ki-67-positive cells were selectively observed among the p63 positive cell components, although p63 positive cells were not always proliferative. Most of the matrix cells in the hair bulbs were positive for Ki-67. Ki-67-positive cells were also frequently evident in the cells of epithelial strands in the early anagen stage. Outer root sheath cells were often positive for Ki-67 in the anagen and early catagen stages, but very rare in the late catagen and telogen stages. In summary, p63 was expressed in the bulge stem cells, epithelial strand cells, matrix cells and outer root sheath cells of hair follicles at any stage of the cycle, which was associated with the movement of hair progenitor cells for regeneration. Ki-67-positive cells were evident among the p63-expressing cell components. Our results strongly suggest that p63 plays an important role in stem cell regulation, at least associated with cell proliferation, for the regeneration of hair follicles.

Structural dynamic system involves random variables conditions such as material property, geometric parameters and applied loads. This uncertainties result from the structural parameter are carefully considered the dynamic structural response in displacement, stress, and natural frequencies. The random vibrational system must be designed to withstand a certain amount of the fluctuation with respect to the uncertainties. Harmonic response of a spring-mass system is mathematically modelled with the probabilistic finite element method using the Monte Carlo simulation. The aim of this paper is to find the optimal lowest frequency for the spring-mass system with random input variables and response parameters to the displacements. The probabilistic design is carried out using ANSYS probabilistic design module in a commercial application software and then the optimal design is sequentially solved. An efficient and practical optimal design evaluation method is proposed for the design of the harmonic system. The numerical results are obtained where the next highest frequency of the system and displacements treated as constraints.

본 연구결과 조농비가 다른 사료를 각각 급여한 젖소에 서 임신초기의 유방 크기는 HF군이 LF군 보다 2.4배 가량 유의하게 컸으나, 임신중기와 착유기 동안에는 두 군 간에 차이가 없었다. Estradiol의 혈중농도는 두 군 모두 사춘기 부터 서서히 증가하여 임신기간 동안 사춘기의 2~3.5배가 량이 되었으며, 두 군간 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 착유기 전 기간에 걸쳐서도 estradiol의 농도는 두 군간 차 이가 없었다. Progesterone의 혈중 농도는 사춘기부터 증가 하기 시작하여 임신중기까지 두 군 모두 비슷한 농도로 유지되었으며, 시험 전 기간에 걸쳐 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 산유량 4% FCM은 두 군 모두 분만 후 증가하다 LF군은 분만 100일, HF군은 150일을 기점으로 감소하였다. 그러나, 분만 후 50일까지를 제외하고 그 후 전 기간에 걸 쳐 양질 조사료 함량이 높은 사료를 급여한 HF군의 젖소 에서 산유량이 유의하게 높았으며, 분만 250일 까지도 높 은 산유량을 유지하였다. 우유 내 체세포 수는 분만초기를 제외하고 착유기 전 기간 동안 HF군에서 유의하게 감소하 였다. 유지율은 분만 후 비유 초기에 LF군에서 다소 높게 나타났으나, 그 이후부터는 두 군간 차이가 없었으며, 그 밖에 우유 내 단백율, 고형율, MUN 모두 두 군간 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 산유량과 체세포 수 및 유지율을 기초로 계산한 유대에 있어 HF군이 LF군에 비하여 최고 141.5% 증대되었다. 본 연구결과로부터 젖소의 양질 조사료의 함 량을 적당 수준으로 증가시킴으로써 유방의 크기나 관련 호르몬의 변화 없이 우유의 생산량을 증대시키고 우유의 질을 높일 수 있을 것으로 평가되었다.