Protecting and preserving the natural and environmental treasures of Jeju Island is, eventually, the collective responsibility of the people of Jeju, all levels of the government, corporate and the environmental NGO sectors. Jeju Island has a vibrant environmental NGO sector with about 80 NGOs providing a variety of active environmental services. All efforts and services to conserve the environment of Jeju Island for the benefits of future generations need to be galvanized within the overarching environmental governance where all three sectors actively participate and make collective decisions within the three key elements of sustainable development: people, planet & profit. The key ingredient for promoting networking and collaborative opportunities between environmental NGOs, government entities and corporations is to improve their trust on one another. Given the current status of environmental NGOs - governments - corporations relations, it will take time to develop such trust, but if small measures are undertaken, mutual understanding & respect between the leaders of NGOs, government and corporations will grow and eventually result in mutual trust.

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a promising candidate as a photocatalyst because of its outstanding electrical and optical properties. In this study, we prepare WO3 thin films by electrodeposition and characterize the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using these films. Depending on the voltage conditions (static and pulse), compact and porous WO3 films are fabricated on a transparent ITO/glass substrate. The morphology and crystal structure of electrodeposited WO3 thin films are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. An application of static voltage during electrodeposition yields a compact layer of WO3, whereas a highly porous morphology with nanoflakes is produced by a pulse voltage process. Compared to the compact film, the porous WO3 thin film shows better photocatalytic activities. Furthermore, a much higher reaction rate of degradation of methylene blue can be achieved after post-annealing of WO3 thin films.

목적: 본 연구는 육상선수의 한국신기록 수립 기여요인을 탐색하고, 탐색한 한국신기록 수립 기여요인을 스포츠 영재성 기반으로 해석할 목적으로 진행하였다. 방법: 2021년 5월 현재 대한육상경기연맹에 등록된 한국신기록 수 립 선수 57명 중 15명을 대상으로 반구조화 심층면담을 진행해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 R을 통해 빈 도를 산출하고, UCINET 6의 NetDraw 2를 활용하여 의미연결망으로 시각화하였다. 결과: 첫째, 한국신기록 수립 기여요인을 연결중심성, 근접중심성, 매개중심성에 따라 검토하였다. 연결중심성에 따르면, 한국신기록 수립 경기 에서 선수는 시합, 생각, 기록, 도움, 훈련 등의 생각에 집중하고, 근접중심성에 따르면, 한국신기록 수립 경기에 서 선수는 생각, 경기, 기록, 훈련, 컨디션 등이 시합을 중심으로 강하게 연결되며, 매개중심성에 따르면, 한국신 기록 수립 경기에서 선수는 한국신기록, 신기록, 도움, 기록, 집중력 등 시합에 대한 생각으로 연결되고 있다. 둘 째, 한국신기록 수립 기여요인은 시합과 생각을 중심으로 신체지능은 신체의 완성, 체력의 우수, 기술의 안정, 운 동감각의 탁월로, 경기지능은 경기운영의 활용, 경기환경의 적응, 시야의 몰입으로, 심리지능은 심리요인 안정성, 자신감 발현, 집중력 발현, 걱정과 두려움 극복, 목표달성으로, 발화환경은 환경과 날씨의 도움, 시설의 최적화, 라이벌 존재, 경기경험의 집적, 지도자의 지지, 주요타자의 지지와 이들 요인의 상호작용이 한국신기록 수립에 기 여하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구가 한국신기록 수립 기여요인의 이해와 경기력 향상을 위한 스포츠 현장 적용 연구에 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대해본다.

In this study, the effects of single and binary heavy metals toxicity on the growth and phosphorus removal ability of Bacillus sp.. known as be a phosphorus-removing microorganism, were quantitatively evaluated. Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni were used as heavy metals. As a result of analysis of variance of the half of inhibition concentration and half of effective concentration for each single heavy metal treatment group, the inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus sp. was Ni < P b < Z n < Cu < C d. A nd the inhibitory effect on phosphorus removal by Bacillus s p. w as N i < Pb < Z n < Cu < C d. When analyzing the correlation between growth inhibition and phosphorus removal efficiency of a single heavy metal treatment group, a negative correlation was found (R2 = 0.815), and a positive correlation was found when the correlation between IC50 and EC50 was analyzed (R2 = 0.959). In all binary heavy metal treatment groups, the interaction was an antagonistic effect when evaluated using the additive toxicity index method. This paper is considered to be basic data on the toxic effects of heavy metals when phosphorus is removed using phosphorus removal microorganisms in wastewater.

This study was initiated to isolate the microorganisms removing phosphorus (P) from domestic sewage and to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the growth and P removal of the isolated bacteria. Microorganisms isolated from the sewage were identified as Chryseobacterium sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Bacillus licheniformis. Among them, Bacillus licheniformis was selected as the P removal microorganism. The environmental factors considered in this study included initial phosphorus concentration, temperature, pH, and carbon source. At initial P concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 mg/L, the P removal efficiencies were 100.0%, 84.0%, and 16.5%, respectively. At 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C, the P removal efficiencies were 0%, 75.8%, and 60.6%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of phosphorus according to pH were 1.6%, 91.7%, and 51.1% at pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9, respectively. Using glucose, acetate, and glucose + acetate as carbon sources yielded P removal efficiencies of 80.9%, 33.6%, and 54.1%, respectively. Therefore, the results from the study demonstrated that the P removal efficiencies of Bacillus licheniformis were the highest when the initial P concentration, temperature, pH, and carbon source were 10 mg/L, 30°C, 7, and glucose, respectively.