모기는 감염병을 매개하는 종으로 전염병 확산 억제를 위해서는 개체수의 감시와 정확한 예측이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 모기 개체수 및 기상 및 현장 자료를 활용해 모기 개체수 머신러닝 모델을 개발하였다. 모기 개체수는 디지털 모기 측정기(Digital Mosquito Monitoring System, DMS)의 2015 년~2022년의 5월~10월의 자료를 활용하였다. 기상 자료는 기온, 강수량, 풍속, 습도를 사용하였으며, 현장 조사 자료는 현장을 명목척도와 서열척도로 나누어 기록하여, 명목 척도의 경우 원핫 인코딩으 로 변환해 수치화하여 사용하였다. 분석에 사용된 머신러닝 모델은 Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine, Support Vector Machine이며 성능지표로 R2, RMSE를 사용하였다. 연구 결과, Gradient Boosting 모델이 R2 0.4, RMSE 22.45로 가장 좋은 성능을 나타냈다. 현장 조사 자료 를 분석에 활용하였을 때 R2는 증가하였고, RMSE는 감소하였다. 본 연구 결과 모기 개체수에 현장 조사 자료가 예측 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

The occurrence of sudden strike pest events in urban areas is increasing as global warming intensifies, consequently, re causing harmful impacts. Studies on these incidents are fewer in number and insufficient compared to research on other nuisances such as mosquitoes and flies. Therefore, we conducted a study on the development of a selective collection method, using a filter layer to establish a monitoring system for Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), a species frequently identified as a sudden strike pest. Three sampling points were selected along the Hangang River in Namyangju, where E. orientalis outbreaks occur. Prototypes, consisting of four layers and with a light source attached to attract insects, were installed at each sampling point. Sampling was performed every 30 minutes between 19:00 and 22:30 in the month of June. The filter interval of each layer was adjusted so that the collected mayflies were distributed into specific layers. To evaluate the collection efficiency in line with the materials and the filter intervals, the optimal collection efficiency was investigated by combining two types of layer materials (stainless and acrylic) and filter intervals (1-5 mm). The optimal conditions were as follows: The selective collection efficiency was found to be highest at 96.5% when the interval of the selective target filter was 2.0 mm and there was one upper filter.

Paspalum distichum and P. distichum var. indutum are perennial weeds of the family Poaceae that prefer moist environments such as waterfronts and waterways. The origin of both species is North America. P. distichum is distributed all over the world. However, P. distichum var. indutum occurs only in the United States, Japan, and Korea. For this reason, in many countries, P. distichum and P. distichum var. indutum are classified as the same species. In other words, P. distichum var. indutum is a different ecological type of P. distichum. Both species can reproduce and spread mainly by rhizome fragments rather than seeds. This rhizome has a characteristic that it does not germinate if it is buried in the ground with depth of more than 3 cm. As a management method for P. distichum and P. distichum var. indutum in agricultural lands (paddy fields), it is effective to combine cultural control and chemical control methods. In other words, combining deep plowing and harrowing can suppress the budding of water sparrow that has invaded paddy fields or fallow paddy fields. After that, these two species that germinate can be controlled by spraying soil treatment herbicides such as butachlor and thiobencarb or foliar treatment herbicides such as cyhalofop-butyl and fenoxaprop-pethyl.

In this study, the community structure of marine benthic invertebrates was examined to evaluate the differences between the west, south, and east coasts of Korea and to identify the indicator species representing each region. Acrylic attachment plate sets were installed in Jeongok, Mokpo, Tongyeong, Yangpo, and Gangreung, and the invertebrate fauna thus captured were identified. Monitoring was performed in each area from March 2017 to May 2018. Water depth, temperature, and salinity at each location were measured to determine the potential influence of abiotic factors on the community structure. As a result, the mean depth of plates installed and the water temperature were significantly different in each area. A total of 32 invertebrate species were identified in all localities, and the most significant difference in the species compositions was found between Mokpo and Gangreung. The community structure differed significantly with a change in the plate depth, and a larger number of indicator species appeared on shallower plates. Finally, we determined the community structure of benthic invertebrates in different geographical regions of the Korean ocean by characterizing the dominant invertebrate taxa and the indicator species at each site.

The Nannophya species in Korea was thought to consist of only Nannophya pygmaea. Previous studies on the species, including life history and development, conservation and restoration, habitat characteristics, genetic studies, distribution, behavior, and taxonomy have been conducted. However, a new Nannophya species, Nannophya koreana, was recently discovered in Korea. Moreover, this new species was found to inhabit both Korea and Japan. Thus, the previous studies should be reevaluated in relation to the new species, Nannophya koreana, and the latter should be treated as an endangered species worldwide given the current population instability.

The influx of marine exotic and alien species is disrupting marine ecosystems and aquaculture. Herdmania momus, reported as an invasive species, is distributed all along the coast of Jeju Island and has been confirmed to be distributed and spread to Busan. The potential habitats and distribution of H. momus were estimated using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, quantum geographic information system (QGIS), and Bio-ocean rasters for analysis of climate and environment (Bio-ORACLE), which can predict the distribution and spread based only on species occurrence data using species distribution model (SDM). Temperature and salinity were selected as environmental variables based on previous literature. Additionally, two different representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were set up to estimate future and potential habitats owing to climate change. The prediction of potential habitats and distribution for H. momus using MaxEnt confirmed maximum temperature as the highest contributor (77.1%), and mean salinity, the lowest (0%). And the potential habitats and distribution of H. momus were the highest on Jeju Island, and no potential habitat or distribution was seen in the Yellow Sea. Different RCP scenarios showed that at RCP 4.5, H. momus would be distributed along the coast of Jeju Island in the year 2050 and that the distribution would expand to parts of the Korea Strait by the year 2100. RCP 8.5, the distribution in 2050 is predicted to be similar to that at RCP 4.5; however, by 2100, the distribution is predicted to expand to parts of the Korea Strait and the East Sea. This study can be utilized as basic data to effectively control the ecological injuries by H. momus by predicting its spread and distribution both at present and in the future.

The active development of the global marine trade industries has been known to increase the inflows of marine invasive species and harmful organisms into the ecosystem, and the marine ecological disturbances. One of these invasive species, Ciona robusta, has now spread to the Korea Strait, the East Sea, and Jeju Island in connection with the climate change but not the Yellow Sea in Korea. Currently, the spread and distribution of C. robusta is increasingly damaging aquaculture and related facilities. Therefore, this study aims to identify the spread of C. robusta and potential habitats and to secure a data for the prevention of effective management measures due to climate change as well as damage the reduction in future through the prediction of spread. We used environmental variables in BioOracle. Also, the potential habitat and distribution of C. robusta was predicted using MaxEnt, a species distribution model. Two different RCP scenarios (4.5 and 8.5) were specified to predict the future distributions of C. robusta. The results showed that the biggest environmental factor affecting the distribution of C. robusta was the salinity as well as

A catch basin sump is one major habitat for mosquito larvae, especially in urban areas. This study developed a device for mosquito control, specifically for the catch basin sump. It consists of a housing, is a little smaller than the catch basin sump, numerous floating materials, which the key component for mosquito control, and mesh nets. The small balls or pyramid-shaped floating materials inhibit mosquito enclosures and spawning by significantly decreasing the surface area of the water, which is essential for the mosquito life cycle. These floating materials were designed to keep the water flowing. The mesh nets were installed to prevent the outflow of floating materials. The efficiency of the floating materials was tested with 3 conditions (1, 2, 3 layers of floating materials) and a control group. The emergence of mosquito adults decreased by 20% in one-layer, and 70-80% in second and third layers. Therefore, this device is expected to certainly contribute to mosquito population control in the catch basin sump.

본 연구는 거친대추멍게 (Ascidiella aspersa)의 알 발육과 유생 부착에 미치는 수온과 염도의 영향을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 거친대추멍게 알 발육과 유생 부착 실험은 12개의 수온 조건 (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28°C, 과 2개의 염도 조건 (30, 34 psu)에서 진행하였다. 거친대추멍게 알의 부화율과 발육률은 염도에 관계없이 수온이 높아짐에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 최적 수온 범위 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 부화 및 발육을 위한 최적 수온은 20~22°C의 범위를 보였다. 저온 발육임계수온은 30 psu와 34 psu에서 각각 1.5°C와 1.8°C로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 부착률은 염도에 관계없이 16~22°C의 최적 수온 범위를 보였으며 부착시간은 수온이 증가함에 따라 지속적으로 증가 하였다. 결과적으로 거친대추멍게의 최적 발육 및 생존 수온은 염도 조건에 관계없이 20~22°C 범위를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 국내 양식장에서의 거친대추멍게에 의한 경제적 피해가 증가하고 있는 시점에서 거친대추멍게의 분포 및 발생 시기를 예측하고 확산 방지 및 방제 방안을 구축하는 데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The Korean aquaculture industry was generally began in the 1970s and has gradually increased. Now, the number of households is about 7,068 and the scale of an aquaculture farm is about 248,014 ha; the value of all production in the industry is estimated to be about 1602.2 billion won. The aquaculture industry is very valuable and important for future food resources. However, the aquaculture industry was damaged by several marine ecological disturbance causing organisms. The Ascdiella aspersa colonized on the shell of scallop and then scallops were detached from rope. The patterns of damage in the aquacultures were observed in Tongyeong (oyster), Geojedo (oyster), and Gangneung (sea squirt) in June, 2017, as well as in Tongyeong (oyster) in November, 2017 by SCUBA divers. The species Halichondria bowerbanki, Bugula neritina, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Balanus amphitrite, Ascidiella aspersa, Ciona intestinalis, Didemnum sp, Styela plicata in Tongyeong, M. galloprovincialis, A. aspersa, C. intestinalis, D. vexillum, S. plicata in Geojedo, and M. galloprovincialis in Gangneung were all usually found in their farms. The marine ecological disturbance causing organisms gave rise to a reduced number of aquaculture products.

Nannophya pygmaea (commonly known as the scarlet dwarf dragonfly) was designated as an endangered species, level II, by the Ministry of Environment of Korea in 1994; it has been used as a flagship species for the protection and preservation of wetlands. Over 25 sites in Korea have been identified as the habitat of Nannophya pygmaea. However, most of these habitats have proven to be unstable, and there have been subsequent changes in the assemblage structure and organization. Most habitats changed to become grasslands or plain ground, and now only five habitats remain. Although efforts have been made to protect the Nannophya pygmaea as an endangered species, their habitat loss has increased, caused by natural succession and drought. Therefore, we need to make stronger protections in the preservation manual of level II endangered species, particularly Nannophya pygmaea, and its native habitats in Korea.

A native species to the European ocean, the tunicate Ciona intestinalis now appears worldwide, from sub-Arctic to tropical regions. C. intestinalis generally occurs as an opportunistic fouling organism on artificial substrates in harbors or aquaculture. This study focused on estimating the early growth pattern of C. intestinalis under various temperature conditions. Adults were collected from the Guryungpo harbour in November 2017, and their artificially inseminated eggs were used for the study. The growth of the C. intestinalis was investigated at 8 constant temperatures, ranging from 12°C to 26°C, at 30 psu. Results indicate that the growth of C. intestinalis increased with increasing temperature. The growth was sluggish at 12°C, and decreased at 26°C. The optimal temperature for growth of C. intestinalis was therefore estimated to be between 20°C and 24°C.

연못하루살이의 성장에 필요한 유효적산온도를 구하고 자 2011년 8월 7일부터 10월 10일까지 야외에 설치한 실 험 수조에서 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 수조 설치일로부터 4일 경과 후 수면에서 죽은 암컷 성충 한 개체가 발견되 어 산란이 이루어졌을 것으로 추정하였으며, 산란추정일 로부터 39일째부터 성충이 우화하기 시작하여 61일째에 마지막 개체가 우화하였다. 우화한 성충은 총 229개체였 고, 성비(암컷 수/전체 수)는 0.45로 수컷이 많았으나 통 계적으로 유의하지 않았으며(p¤0.05), 전체적으로 수컷 이 먼저 우화하는 경향을 보였다. 최저 발육임계온도를 0􀆆C로 하여 유효적산온도를 산출한 값은 1,221.8±116.0 DD였으며, 대조습지의 연간 유효적산온도가 5,650.0 DD 임을 고려할 때, 연못하루살이는 본 연구결과를 적용할 경우 야외 서식처에서 최대 1년 4세대의 생활사를 가질 가능성이 있다.

A new sprouting soybean variety, 'achaekong'was developed at the National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station (NYAES) in 2002. It was selected from the cross Hannamkong/Eunhakong. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation an

A new vegetable soybean variety, “Danmiput” was selected from the cross Keunol/Wasehakucho (Introduced), and developed in 2002 on the basis of its yield performance and seed quality for vegetable soybean at the National Yeongnam Agricultural Station. “Dan

A new soybean variety, “Daol” was developed at the National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station in 2002. It was selected from the cross Keunol//Josaengbaekjo/Keunol. The preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of