Yellow flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis is mainly controlled using chemical control methods. But the continuous use of chemical pesticides in greenhouse may contribute to development of insecticide resistance. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of eleven insecticides against the WFT occurring in greenhouse pepper cultivation in the Gyeonggi province. The results showed no resistance in treatments with emamectin benzoate, fluxametamide, and flometoquin while high levels of resistance were recorded in treatments with acrinathrin, acetamiprid, and dinotefuran. The Anseong and Yeoju population was more resistant against spinetoram and chlorfluazuron, respectively, than populations from other regions.

인간의 심미에 영향을 미치는 다양한 활동 중에서 곤충의 역할을 다루는 학문 분야를 문화곤충학이라고 한다. 본 연구는 근대 시조문학작품 속에 등장하는 곤충의 종류를 문화곤충학적 관점에서 조사하였다. 조사대상 문학작품은 6,604편의 근대 시조를 대상으로 하였는데 곤충 관련 어휘들을 조사하였다. 조사 시조들 중 곤충 관련 어휘가 등장하는 시조는 215편이었으며 제목에 곤충 관련 단어가 포함되어 있는 시조 작품들은 26 편이었다. 곤충관련 어휘들은 모두 257번 등장하였는데 30종류의 곤충으로 구별할 수 있었다. 가장 많이 사용된 곤충류 어휘는 나비로 57회 등장 하였으며 귀뚜라미가 45회, 벌레가 44회였다. 다양한 예술작품들을 통해 문화곤충학 분야의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

The black pine bast scale are the main insects of the Japanese black pine forest in Korea, and the distribution is spreading around the Japanese black pine forest in the east and west coast. However, after the nationwide survey in 2010, there has been no investigation on the distribution and spread of these, so we conducted the 2017 and 2018 surveys to determine the extent of the northern area inland or east and west. In the 2017 survey, outbreaks were observed in 35 areas from 47 dong or myeon of 14 cities or counties, mainly in areas not previously located in the outbreak area. In the 2018 survey, additional outbreaks were confirmed at 14 out of 23 areas in the East Coast region, and damage was detected at 27 out of 28 points in the inland area of the South Sea and distribution was found at 16 out of 17 in the west coast.

From 2017 to 2018, the occurrence of leafhopper species in eight landscape trees (Acer palmatum, Elaeagnus umbellata, Lagerstroemia indica, Pinus densiflora, Prunus serrulata, Pseudocydonia sinensis, Rosa hybrid, Zelkova serrata) in Sangju, Gyeongbuk Province was investigated using flat traps from the leaf open season to the fallen season. E. rosae was the most abundant, and the highest density was observed in cherry trees. E. rosae outbreaks occurred at the end of March, early August, and early October, and are estimated to occur three generations a year. High attraction was observed in yellow plate traps than in blue. From the middle of October, the number of E. rosae increases only in Pinus densiflora among 8 species of trees, and it is estimated that pine trees are wintering places.

Clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii have recently been identified as a serious pest to Chinese cabbage in highland area of Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the host specificity effect of H. trifolii by their inoculation density and temperature on Chinese cabbage and kale in pot in laboratory condition. H. trifolii inoculated with (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 eggs /g soil), where the number of female resulted higher in Chinese cabbage than in kale but there was no statistical differences between them. The number of cysts did not show any variation by their inoculation density in both plants. The results depicted the proliferation of H. trifolii by temperature (15, 20, 25, 30℃), where the number of females, cysts and eggs has their highest proliferation in 20℃ condition. The study thus demonstrated that, Chinese cabbage is considered a suitable host of the clover cyst nematode compared to the kale and the suitable temperature of the reproduction is estimated as 20°C.

Soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines is one of the major plant parasitic nematodes in soybean. Recently, another soybean cyst nematode, H. sojae was recorded from Korea. This study was conducted to determine the geographical distribution of the two soybean cyst nematodes in Gangwon-do and Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. In Gangwon-do, H. glycines and H. sojae were detected in 12 and 5 of the 53 sites sampled, respectively, while in Chungcheongbuk-do, H. glycines was isolated from 14 of the 46 sites sampled. H. sojae was detected at only one site. Additionally, the two soybean cyst nematodes co-existed in 3 of the 46 sites.

Aphelenchoides composticola is an economic pest in mushroom cultivation, with a potential to cause heavy losses in the commercial production of Agaricus spp. Recently, A. composticola was intercepted on cultivated mushrooms in Korea and herein, this newly recorded species is morphologically and morphometrically characterized, and symptoms of mushroom damage are equally illustrated. The offset head, a prominent muscular median bulb, oval to round in shape, lateral field with three incisures, tapering truncate tail and average body length of 612.8μm, characterize females. Males are slightly smaller (561.2μm), characterized by well-developed paired spicules, ventrally curved tail, and conoid tail terminus posed with a terminal mucro.

Heterodera trifolii, mostly known as clover cyst nematode, is currently a serious problem for Chinese cabbage growers of the highland area in Korea. Due to lack of readily information about the nematode on Chinese cabbage in Korea, the pest steadily spread within the highland areas and has become a serious setback. Occurrence, spatial aggregation, egg hatching and the pathogenicity of this nematode are depicted in this study from ecological point of view. The study results suggest site-specific control and a potential planting time for the cabbage to avoid severe damage caused by this nematode.

Cyst nematodes are well known to cause serious yield losses in many important crops producing in Korea such assoybeans and Chinese cabbage. Recently, a new cyst nematode Heterodera trifolii has been recorded in the highland vegetablesgrowing area occurring severe yield losses. As a newly recorded pest, the severity of the nematode is still not clear tomost of the farmers. Identification of this nematode is another big issue as the nematode existed in the field with Heteroderaschachtii. Recent reports revealed that the pest is steadily spreading within the highland areas and has a huge possibilityto spread over Korea. Therefore, it is the high time to set a monitoring or warning systems and test more feasible managementstrategies to prevent the dispersal of this nematode.

The sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN), Heterodera schachtii is a well known pathogen on Chinese cabbage in thehighland fields of Korea. However, recent reports have shown a coexistence of SBCN with the clover cyst nematode,H. trifolii in Korea. This study aimed at detailing and reviewing morphological and molecular characteristics conceivablyessential in differentiating the two nematode species. A comparison of morphometric measurements of both infective juvenilesand vulval cones of cysts showed significant differences between the two cyst nematodes. Indeed, using assorted cystsfrom field populations for molecular analysis resulted into a mixture of bands after gel electrophoresis, indicating a combinationof the two species. Thus, this study confirms the coexistence of the two species on Chinese cabbage fields in Korea.