This study was conducted to evaluate the contents of antioxidative components from pulpy and seed in wild haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE). Pulpy and seed of haw were smashed, then measured for color properties, antioxidative components of ascorbic acid, phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, anthocyanin, total carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a, b and tannin. The a*, b* and C* values of seed were significantly lower than pulpy, but L* and H° values were higher than that of pulpy. Ascorbic acid contents of pulpy and seed were found to be 10.89±1.69 mg/100 g and 1.45±0.16 mg/100 g, respectively. Phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, total carotene and tannin contents of pulpy and seed were 689.17±3.63 mg/g, 597.78±2.93 mg/g; 355.61±19.39 mg/g, 49.12±4.97 mg/g; 8.32±0.42 mg%, 0.80±0.01 mg%; 7.53± 0.09 mg/g, 1.02±0.03 mg/g, respectively. Similarly, β-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of pulpy also displayed higher values than that of seed. On the contrary, anthocyanin content of seed (4.24±0.33 mg/L) was remarkably higher than pulpy (0.99±0.62 mg/L). The results showed that pulpy could be severed as great natural antioxidant and biohealth functional food.

Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L.) is a summer fruit typical to help fatigue systemic absorption is getting better. The goal of this study is to screen antioxidant activity to ensure the possibility as a functional material for exocarp of watermelon. Watermelon was extracted with 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v). Total phenol contents were 12.01 mg/g, 8.89 mg/g, 3.53 mg/g in the 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, in that order, respectively. Total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), β-carotene bleaching assay were 70% methanol extract remarkably higher than the other extracts. And these results showed the same trend of total phenol content. From the above results shows that watermelon was effective on the antioxidative activity.

This study was investigate the influences of wild haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) on lowering blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations in dyslipidemic rats. Four groups of rats were fed different diets for 5 weeks: basal diet (BD group), nondyslipidemic diet+feral haw extract (NDF group), dyslipidemic diet (DLD group), dyslipidemic diet+feral haw extract (DFH group). BUN, creatinine and uric acid concentrations were significantly higher in the DLD group than in the BD group. However, DFH group significantly lowered BUN, creatinine and uric acid concentrations compared to the DLD group. Amylase activity was significantly lower in the DLD group than in the BD group, while DFH group significantly higher compared to the DLD group. Lipase activity was also also significantly lower in the DLD group than the other group. Accordingly, these results suggest that haw extract could be effective for improving kidney function in dyslipidemic rats.

This study was designed in order to determine the influences of haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) on the lipid metabolism syndrome. Sprague Dawley rats, 7 weeks old, were given four different types of diets for 5 weeks: ND group (noncholesterolemic diet), HE group (non cholesterolemic diet+haw extract), CD group (cholesterolemic diet), CH group (cholesterolemic diet+haw extract). Concentrations of LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, blood glucose were remarkably higher in the CD group than the other groups. But by treatment of haw extract group with cholesterolemic diet (CH group) were significantly decreased compared with CD group. Cholesteryl ester ratio was no difference between CD group and CH group. These results indicate that Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE would be effective in lipid metabolism syndrome.

Despite abundant nutritions, krill is barely used for human consumption. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional component and amino acid composition of krill and further utilizes it for food resource. Proximate compositions of krill meal were consisted of crude protein 58.85%, ash 13.89%, crude fat 12.45%, carbohydrate 11.01% and moisture 3.80%. The amount of total amino acid was 54.74 g%, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid (7.71 g%), aspartic acid (6.20 g%), leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%), arginine (6.49 g%) and alanine (3.25 g%), respectively. Total essential amino acid content was 21.87%, and the major amino acids were leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%) and isoleucine (2.90 g%), respectively. Content of total free amino acid in krill meal was 20224.30 mg/kg, and the major free amino acids were taurine (4501 mg/kg), arginine (3130.60 mg/kg), proline (2302.90 mg/kg), alanine (2088.10 mg/kg), glycine (1606.40 mg/kg) and lysine (1197.40 mg/kg). Especially, taurine was the most abundant of all free amino acids. Thus, these data indicate that krill seems to be abundant protein source food.

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is typical of a enormous biomass of marine zooplankton that could provide good nutrition in human body. This study was conducted to identify the nutrition of krill, a live in Antarctic Ocean. The analysis result of fatty acids of krill meal was as follow. The compositions of fatty acid were saturated fatty (SFA) acid 41.41%, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) 21.69%, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 36.89%, and p/s ratio was 0.89. The major fatty acids in all parts were eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 21.54%), palmitic acid (27.51%), oleic acid (13.35%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 12.42%). Especially, EPA and DHA were occupied 33.96% of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The mineral contents of krill meal were calcium 24477.21 mg kg-1, sodium 14728.69 mg kg-1, magnesium 6973.49 mg kg-1, potassium 3981.67 mg kg-1, iron 395.33 mg kg-1 and manganese 5.74 mg kg-1. The contents of major vitamin were retinol 86717.37 μg RE, β-carotene 44.87 μg RE, tocopherol 2.60 mg, pantothenic acid 1.61 mg, indicating that krill meal contains large amount of retinol and β-carotene.