Salmonella는 전 세계적으로 위장관 질환을 일으키는 주 요 식중독 원인균 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유통 닭고기에서 분리된 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) IJCS4-13 균주에 대해 WGS를 이용한 유전체 분석을 진행하였다. 해당 균주의 유전체는 4,678,812 bp 크기의 원형 염색체 (G+C 함량 52.17%)와 59,372 bp 크기의 플라스미드 (G+C 함량 51.96%)로 구성되어 있었다. 유전체 분석 결과, 총 147개 의 병원성 관련 유전자를 확인하였다. 이들 유전자는 부 착, 침입, 대식세포 내 생존, 스트레스 적응 등 다양한 병 원성 기전에 관여하는 것으로 알려져있다. 따라서 본 균 주는 다수의 병원성 인자를 보유하고 있어 높은 독력 잠 재력을 지니고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구에서 보고한 유 전체 정보는 S. Enteritidis의 병원성 메커니즘 규명 및 식 품 매개 감염병 관리에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다.

Between July 2024 and July 2025, we collected spleen samples from 119 wild rodents captured across various zoogeographical regions of Gwangju City, Republic of Korea, to screen for major zoonotic pathogens, including Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia species. Of these, 13 samples (10.92%) tested positive for Bartonella spp. The positive samples were cultured on blood agar, resulting in eight bacterial isolates. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed all Bartonella-positive samples as B. grahamii. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all B. grahamii isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, and showed intermediate resistance to ampicillin. In contrast, the isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. These findings provide essential baseline data on the presence and resistance patterns of B. grahamii in wild rodent populations inhabiting peri-urban environments. The detection of MDR Bartonella strains underscores a potential public health concern, particularly regarding zoonotic spillover via ectoparasites such as ticks. Sustained molecular surveillance and antimicrobial resistance monitoring are warranted to mitigate future zoonotic threats.

This case report describes a 40-year-old captive male hippopotamus exhibiting systemic clinical signs, including anorexia and coughing, prior to death. Despite comprehensive medical treatments, the animal died due to age-related immunodepression, which led to severe pneumonia. Necropsy and subsequent histopathological examination revealed severe acute diffuse seropurulent bronchopneumonia, right ventricular hypertrophy, hepatic congestion, and glomerulonephritis. These findings highlight the vulnerability of geriatric large animals to systemic infections and emphasize the need for improved pathological understanding and the development of evidence-based treatment protocols for these less-studied species like the hippopotamus. To enhance disease management and veterinary care for aging zoo animals, future research should prioritize gut microbiome analysis and antimicrobial resistance profiling.

Emerging RNA viruses continue to pose serious threats to animal and human health, necessitating the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents within a One Health framework. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral potential of Desmodesmus multivariabilis extracts against three representative RNA viruses: influenza A virus (IAV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Extracts derived from four closely related microalgal isolates were tested using pre- and post-treatment protocols in vitro. Among them, strain ME749 demonstrated the most potent and consistent antiviral activity, with low cytotoxicity and high selectivity index (SI), particularly against IAV (SI = 23.8), followed by PEDV (SI = 10.7) and HAV (SI = 6.2). ME752 also showed moderate antiviral efficacy. RT-qPCR confirmed significant reductions in viral RNA levels for all three viruses, with ME749 achieving up to 3-log₁₀ reduction in IAV and 2.4-log₁₀ reduction in HAV. These results suggest that the antiviral effect may be mediated through mechanisms beyond direct virucidal activity, potentially involving host immune modulation. Although the active compounds remain unidentified, carotenoids are hypothesized as key bioactive components. This study highlights Desmodesmus multivariabilis, particularly ME749, as a promising source of novel, natural antiviral agents with applications in both veterinary and zoonotic disease control. Future studies including metabolomic profiling, mechanism-of-action analyses, and in vivo validation are warranted to further explore its potential in combating current and emerging RNA virus threats.

이 연구는 다목적 선박(MPV)의 공기역학적 구조물 설계, 분석 및 향상을 통해 그린 워터 압력에 의한 구조적 안전을 보장하고, 탈탄소화 및 에너지 효율성에 이바지하는 방법을 기술하였다. 유한 요소 분석(FEA)을 통한 초기 평가에서 좌굴 발생에 대한 잠재적인 취약점 이 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 보강재(Carling stiffener)와 두께 증가를 통하여 응력을 재분배하고 국부적인 좌굴 발생의 위험을 최소화하였다. 보강 후 분석 결과, 한국선급(KR)의 안전 기준인 항복 강도, 미국 선급(ABS) 좌굴 강도 및 노르웨이 표준(NORSOK) 변 위 기준을 모두 충족하는 것이 확인되었다. 결과적으로 고유치 좌굴 해석 결과가 안전 기준을 초과하고 최대 변위가 허용 한계 내에 있는 등 중요한 개선이 이루어졌다. 이러한 개선은 극한의 해양 조건에서 운영 신뢰성을 보장할 수 있다. 이 연구는 공기역학적 항력 감소와 구조적 안전성의 이중적인 이점을 강조하며, 국제 해사 기구(IMO)의 2050 탈탄소화 목표에 부합하는 연료 효율성 및 온실가스 배출 감소에 이바지할 수 있다. 연구 결과는 다양한 선박 유형에 걸쳐 항력 감소 기술을 확장하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하며, 지속 가능하고 탄력적인 해양 운영을 위한 대안을 제시하였다. 향후 연구는 구조적 안전 평가를 가속할 수 있는 단순화된 모델링 기술 개발에 집중할 것이다.

Current investigations provide a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence and biodiversity of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) in the major citrusproducing regions of Jeju Island, South Korea. Our survey identified five genera and five species of PPNs from 82 infested Citrus unshiu field samples collected across 116 sites in the Jeju provinces. Community analysis revealed the highest prevalence of PPNs (39.02%) at Namwon-eup, significantly driven by Tylenchulus semipenetrans, followed by Paratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Meloidogyne sp., and Pratylenchus sp. Data indicate that all 82 sites were infested with T. semipenetrans (70.68%), marking a considerable increase in prevalence compared to previous surveys and posing a significant threat to citrus cultivation. The study results also demonstrate the influence of soil type on PPNs communities, revealing correlations between soil texture and nematode diversity. Citrus orchards cultivated in black clay loam soil exhibited significant PPN infestations. Overall, the PPN survey underscores the economic importance of monitoring citrus nematode infection rates and maintaining economic threshold levels in citrus production. It also emphasizes the need for developing effective management strategies to control PPNs, which are essential for maintaining crop yield and ensuring agricultural sustainability.

The AlSi10Mg alloy has garnered significant attention for its application in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), due to its lightweight properties and good printability using L-PBF. However, the low production speed of the L-PBF process is the main bottleneck in the industrial commercialization of L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy parts. Furthermore, while L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties, the properties are often over-specified compared to the target properties of parts traditionally fabricated by casting. To accelerate production speed in L-PBF, this study investigated the effects of process parameters on the build rate and mechanical properties of the AlSi10Mg alloy. Guidelines are proposed for high-speed additive manufacturing of the AlSi10Mg alloy for use in automotive parts. The results show a significant increase in the build rate, exceeding the conventional build rate by a factor of 3.6 times or more, while the L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy met the specifications for automotive prototype parts. This strategy can be expected to offer significant cost advantages while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties of topology-optimized parts used in the automobile industry.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum causes fowl typhoid in poultry. In this study, we isolated Salmonella from a Korean retail chicken shell egg and performed whole-genome sequencing, from which we identified one chromosome (4,659,977-bp) and two plasmids (plasmid_1: 87,506 bp and plasmid_2: 2,331 bp). The isolate serotype was confirmed to be Gallinarum, with a biovar type of Gallinarum, which was finally identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum. Multilocus sequence typing confirmed that the isolate was that of sequence type 78. The antimicrobial resistance gene, aac(6')- laa, was identified on the chromosome, and 166 virulence genes were detected on the chromosome and plasmid_1.

Sarcophaga peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) play a pivotal role in forensic entomology, particularly in the context of decomposing corpses in South Korea, with its prevalence most notable from May to October. This study aims to leverage the growth metrics of S. peregrina to refine estimates of the minimum post-mortem interval (PMI_min), thereby providing a more localized and accurate measure of the time elapsed since death. By cultivating specimens a across a range of temperatures (22℃, 25℃, 28℃, and 34℃), we documented the corresponding larval and pupal development rates, observing significant variances in development times across temperatures: 475.1 hours at 22℃, 347.0 hours at 25℃, 326.0 hours at 28℃, and 247.3 hours at 34℃. Our findings highlight a temperature-dependent acceleration in life cycle progression of research emphasizes the importance of considering environmental factors, particularly temperature, to enhance the accuracy of forensic investigation.

This study aims to systematically investigate the insect diversity within the distinct coastal grassland and mountain habitats of East Busan, Busan Metropolitan City. The objective is to gather foundational data that will inform natural environment conservation plans and contribute to policy formulation. Employing a comprehensive collection approach, we utilized trapping nets, pitfall traps, and flying insect traps to capture a broad spectrum of insect species. The investigation identified a rich diversity of 132 species across 9 orders and 52 families. Coleoptera emerged as the most prevalent order with 13 families and 41 species, followed by Diptera with 8 families and 24 species, and Lepidoptera with 9 families and 21 species. To assess the biodiversity and structure of these communities by habitat type, we applied several biodiversity indices: the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), Margalef index (R), and Pielou evenness index. Coastal grasslands exhibited an H' of 3.153, R of 11.08, and a Pielou evenness of 0.371; coastal mountains showed an H' of 2.922, R of 13.02, and a Pielou evenness of 0.202. These metrics reveal no significant differences in diversity and evenness between the two habitats. The endangered Copris tripartitus was notably observed in coastal grasslands, alongside 20 species classified as Least Concern (LC) in the National Red List across both habitats. The comparative analysis of biodiversity and evenness levels across coastal grassland and mountain areas highlights the ecological significance of both habitats in supporting a diverse insect fauna. The detection of endangered and LC species within these areas emphasizes the critical need for ongoing monitoring and the development of effective conservation strategies tailored to protect Busan's coastal ecosystems. The findings underscore the necessity of conducting periodic surveys to monitor faunal changes and inform conservation efforts actively. By ensuring the continued protection of insect diversity, these efforts will play a pivotal role in maintaining the ecological integrity of coastal areas, thereby supporting broader environmental conservation objectives.