Once a radioactive material is released from the nuclear power plant (NPP) by accident, it is necessary to understand the behavior of radioactive plume to protect residents adequately. For this, it is essential to measure the radiation dose rate around NPPs at important locations. Our previous study developed a movable radiation detector that can be installed quickly in an accident to measure gamma dose rate in areas where environmental radiation monitoring system is not installed. The data measured by the detector are transmitted to the server in real-time through LoRA wireless communications. There are two methods to use LoRA communications; one is self-network, and the other is the network provided by the mobile carrier. A signal receiver, called a gateway, should be equipped near the installation location of radiation detectors to use a self-network without using the mobile carrier’s system. In other words, the movable radiation detectors we made can function if there should be any gateway near them. The distance capable of communication between gateway and detector is about 8 km in an open area without significant obstacles. Korea has many significant obstacles, such as mountains around most NPPs. Thus, the gateways could be installed in the proper position before the accident to operate the movable radiation detectors without problems. If the gateway is located at a high position like a mountain top, it could cover a wide area. In this study, the elevation database in the area around the NPPs was collected and analyzed to determine where gateways should be installed. The analysis range is limited in the urgent protective action planning zone. The optimization was also performed to minimize the number of gateways.

제주도 노지 감귤원에 발생하는 나방류 해충 4종; 귤굴나방(Phyllocnistis citrella), 차잎말이나방(Homona magnanima), 왕담배나방(Helicoverpa armigera), 애모무늬잎말이나방(Adoxophyes orana)에 대한 밀도를 2013~2017년 총 5년에 걸쳐 페로몬 트랩을 이용하여 조사하였다. 제주도의 경우 지역별 병해충 발생양상이 상이하여 5개 지역(동, 동남, 서, 서남, 북) 20개소의 감귤원을 선발하여 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 나방류 중 가장 심각한 피해를 주는 것으로 알려진 귤굴나방의 경우 평균기온 이 상대적으로 높은 서남, 동남 지역에서의 발생량이 높아 시기별 발생 예찰을 통한 정확한 방제시기 결정이 필요하였으며 그 외 차잎말이나방, 왕담배나방, 애모무늬잎말이나방의 경우는 그 발생량이 미미하여 이를 위한 방제가 필수적이지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 귤굴나방 다음으로 심각한 해충으로 알려진 네눈쑥가지나방(Ascotis selenara)의 경우 2016, 2017년 과실 피해도 조사를 실시한 결과 피해도는 높지 않으나 발생과원율이 37%, 61%로 높게 나타나 방제가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

The citrus leaf miner (CLM) is an important citrus pest. A thorough understanding of the biology and population dynamics of CLM are essential for development of reliable pest population prediction system. We investigated the developmental periods of the species under ten constant temperature schemes (12.5℃~39℃). Furthermore, we established a development model of CLM, based on the result of a laboratory experiment. The immature developmental duration of CLM at constant temperatures were 63.5 days at 15℃, 23.9 days at 21℃, 15.6 days at 27℃, and 12.3 days at 33℃, showing statistically significant difference among temperature regimes. The lower threshold temperature and thermal constant were 11.3℃ and 243.7 DD, respectively, for immature development. In relation to temperature, non-linear development models were established for each developmental stage of CLM.

The citrus leaf miner (CLM) is a of important citrus pests in Jeju island, but it’s not clear about ecology of over-wintering in Jeju. We investigated the developmental stage to know how the CLM overwinters in 20 sites. And we investigated the mortality of larvae, pupae and adult stage of CLM in open citrus cultivated field December, 2017 to April 2018 and growth chamber conditions(from –10 to 5 ℃). As a result, no larvae and adult survived open field during winter. We concluded that the CLM usually overwinters as pupa during winter.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal disorder wherein patients suffer from sensory, motor, and cognitive loss. Currently, the identification and validation of biomarkers for diagnosing AD and other forms of dementia are increasingly important. Olfactory dysfunction is present in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Alzheimer’s patients show neuropathological changes in areas of the brain central to the olfactory processing center, suggesting the theoretical importance and potential diagnostic utility of investigating functional changes in olfaction in these patients. However, the usefulness of olfactory screens to serve as informative indicators of Alzheimer’s is precluded by the lack of knowledge regarding neural and molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction onto Alzheimer's diseases. To test these ultimate questions, we used molecular and electrophysiological recording techniques to find out the difference of olfactory responses and AD related protein expression patterns by using fly model, Drosophila melanogaster that over-expresses the human β -amyloid, tau protein. We postulated that such flies would present with progressive olfactory impairments compared with age-matched wild type control flies. In this study, our hypothesis is that there is a correlation between olfactory deficits and the spatial expression pattern of β-amyloid and tau protein deposition. Therefore, we demonstrate a specific concentration of lesions in central olfactory structures such as antenna and Maxillary palps. Our study indicates that deficits on olfactory identification may occur in AD, which will be valuable as an indicator of neuropathogenesis.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as an acute form and a catastrophic manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence and incidence of myocardial infarction can be influenced by demographic, biological and psychosocial factors, and it is rare in childhood and adolescent years. Contrary to the elderly, where cardiac attack is mainly caused by CAD, exercise-induced cardiac attack is relatively more prevalent in a young adult. We report here on a case of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a young adult during vigorous physical activity and we review the relevant literatures.