In the event of a radioactive release, it is essential to quickly detect and locate the source of the release, as well as track the movement of the plume to assess the potential impact on public health and safety. Fixed monitoring posts are limited in their ability to provide a complete picture of the radiation distribution, and the information they provide may not be available in real-time. This is why other types of monitoring systems, such as mobile monitoring, aerial monitoring, and personal dosimeters, are also used in emergency situations to complement the information provided by fixed monitoring posts. Also, the monitoring system can be improved by using the Kriging technique, which is one of the interpolation methods, to predict the radiation dose in the relevant districts. This can be achieved by utilizing both the GPS information and the radiation dose measured at a particular point. The Kriging method involves estimating the value between different measurement points by considering the distance between them. The model used GPS and radiation data that were measured around the Hanbit NPP. The data were collected using a radiation measuring detector on a bus that traveled around the NPP area at 2-second intervals for one day. From the collected data, 200 data points were randomly selected for analysis, excluding the data measured at the bus garage out of a total of 16,550 data points. The average dose of the daily measurement data was 117.94 nSv/h, and the average dose of the 200 randomly extracted data was 119.17 nSv/h. The GPS and radiation dose data were utilized to predict the radiation dose around the Yeonggwang area where the Hanbit NPP is located. In the event of an abnormal release of radioactive material, it can be difficult to accurately determine the dose unless a monitoring measurement point is present. This can delay the rapid evacuation of residents during an emergency situation. By utilizing the Kriging model to make predictions, it is anticipated that more accurate dose predictions can be generated, particularly during accident scenarios. This can aid in the development of appropriate resident protection measures.

Republic of Korea (ROK) is operating the Integrated Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network (IERNet) in preparation for a radioactive emergency based on Article 105 of the Nuclear Safety Act (Monitoring of Nationwide Radioactive Environment). 215 radiation monitoring posts are monitoring a wide area, but their location is fixed, so they can’t cover areas where the post is not equipped around the Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). For this, a mobile radiation monitoring system was developed using a drone or vehicle. However, there are disadvantages: it is performed only at a specific cycle, and an additional workforce is required. In this study, a radiation monitoring system using public transportation was developed to solve the above problems. Considering the range of dose rates from environmental radiation to high radiation doses in accidents, the detector was designed by combining NaI (TI) (in the low-dose area) and GM detector (in the high-dose area). Field test was conducted by installed on a city bus operated by Yeonggwang-gun to confirm the performance of the radiation monitoring system. As a result of the field test, it was confirmed that data is transmitted from the module to the server program in both directions. Based on this study, it will be possible to improve the radiation monitoring capability near nuclear facilities.

Once a radioactive material is released from the nuclear power plant (NPP) by accident, it is necessary to understand the behavior of radioactive plume to protect residents adequately. For this, it is essential to measure the radiation dose rate around NPPs at important locations. Our previous study developed a movable radiation detector that can be installed quickly in an accident to measure gamma dose rate in areas where environmental radiation monitoring system is not installed. The data measured by the detector are transmitted to the server in real-time through LoRA wireless communications. There are two methods to use LoRA communications; one is self-network, and the other is the network provided by the mobile carrier. A signal receiver, called a gateway, should be equipped near the installation location of radiation detectors to use a self-network without using the mobile carrier’s system. In other words, the movable radiation detectors we made can function if there should be any gateway near them. The distance capable of communication between gateway and detector is about 8 km in an open area without significant obstacles. Korea has many significant obstacles, such as mountains around most NPPs. Thus, the gateways could be installed in the proper position before the accident to operate the movable radiation detectors without problems. If the gateway is located at a high position like a mountain top, it could cover a wide area. In this study, the elevation database in the area around the NPPs was collected and analyzed to determine where gateways should be installed. The analysis range is limited in the urgent protective action planning zone. The optimization was also performed to minimize the number of gateways.

기존 연구에서는 스크러버를 이용한 NO2 를 제거하기 위해 암모니아 수용액을 적용한다. 하 지만 암모니아는 독성 및 악취가 강해 실선 적용에 어려움이 따를 수 있어, 암모니아를 대체할 수 있는 물질을 찾기 위해 이 연구를 진행하였다. 대체 물질로는 수산화나트륨(NaOH), 티오황산나트륨 (Na2S2O3), 요소(Urea)를 사용하였다. 세정액을 제외한 모든 부분은 기존 암모니아를 적용한 실험의 최 적 조건과 동일하게 진행하였다. 그 결과 실험에 사용된 세 가지 물질 중 두 물질은 암모니아 용액과 대체가 가능한 것으로 사료되었으며, 최적조건은 각각 NaOH 2.5 %, Na2S2O3 5.0 % 에서 가장 높은 효 율을 나타냈다. Urea는 효율이 일정하게 지속되지 않아 대체 물질로는 적합하지 않음을 확인 할 수 있 었다.

It is important to develop the smart ventilation system in order to minimize a building energy consumption using ventilation. In this study, We evaluated the efficiency of the smart ventilation system being developed at the nursery. To evaluate the energy savings and carbon dioxide removal efficiency, two kinds of experimental conditions were compared. First, air conditioner and Smart HVAC system were operated. Second, air conditioner was operating and external air was put into the inside by rate of air circulation. It was more effective when working with air conditioning and ventilation system at the same time. If the Smart HVAC system is applied in a multi-use facility, indoor air quality will be comfortable and the social cost will be reduced.

Cerebral infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the most common cause of death from a singledisease in South Korea. Each year, 795,000 people in the U.S. experience a new or recurrent stroke. Approximately 15-30% of cerebral infarctions are of embolic origin related to cardiac abnormalities. Because determination of the etiology of cerebral infarction is crucial to acute management and future prevention, clinicians should pay attention to finding the cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral infarction. We report on a case of cerebral infarction by a small papillary fibroelastoma on the mitral valve. The patient was treated with open heart surgery and closure of the patent foramen ovale to prevent further embolic events.

‘Gwangan’ is a new six-rowed covered barley cultivar developed by the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), R.D.A in 2004. This cultivar is developed from a cross between “Mirak” and ‘Milyang59’ in 1995. An F6 selection was made at Milyang in 2001 an