Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), also known as keratocystic odontogenic tumor, is a distinct clinicopathologic lesion that can be clearly identified by histologic examination. Clinically, OKC is characterized by a high recurrence rate. This report describes a rare case of OKC with mural calcification in the maxilla of a 47-year-old male patient. Orthopantomography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography showed full opacification with calcification and lateral wall resorption in the left maxillary sinus, destroying the sinus floor. Hard tissue deposits have rarely been reported in the connective tissue walls of OKC. The importance of calcified material formation to the biological behavior of OKCs is unclear. Although its prognostic value has not been studied, the presence of calcification materials does not appear to increase the risk of recurrence. Study of a number of samples would be needed to determine the nature of the correlation between the presence of calcified materials and recurrence.

To accurately determine the resection margin for maxillary cancer, it is important to closely examine the extent of tumor infiltration into the maxilla, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate, and surrounding tissues. Various methods have been described for the resection of maxillary tumors, such as alveolectomy, partial maxillectomy, subtotal maxillectomy, total maxillectomy, and extended maxillectomy. The objective of this study was to introduce external carotid artery (ECA) ligation on the ipsilateral side, a perioperative bleeding control method with fewer complications. Incidence of major bleeding during maxillectomy is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. Cases of temporary bleeding from an internal maxillary artery or other sites can be stopped, packed, and compressed. However, bleeding control is eventually achieved by ligation of the ECA or selective embolization. Herein, we report the case of a 60-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma of the right maxilla, which was eventually treated with subtotal maxillectomy along with an elective ECA ligation for intraoperative bleeding control. The procedure produced no preoperative or postoperative bleeding. ECA ligation is a simple, effective, safe, and (at the operator’s discretion) recommended method of perioperative bleeding control during maxillectomy.

본 연구는 1952년 ‘평화선 선언’ 에 대한 관련국가 간의 논쟁과 주요 쟁점을 분석하여 평화선 선언의 법적 정당성을 규명하는 것이 주목적이다. 평화선 선언은 일제강점기를 전후로 이어져온 일본의 한반도 연안 어장 침탈에 대응하여 한반도 인접해양에 한국의 관할권을 선포한 조치였다. 하지만 평화선 선언 이후 한국은 일본, 미국, 영국, 중화민국 등 국가로부터의 강력한 반대에 부딪치게 되었다. 한국과 관련국 간의 평화선 논쟁은 크게 두 가지의 쟁점에서 논의되었다. 첫 번째 쟁점은, ‘평화선은 영해선인가?’ 였고, 두 번째 쟁점은 ‘평화선이 공해어업에 관한 국제법을 위반했는가?’ 였다. 두 가지 쟁점에 대한 분석 결과, 평화선은 한국 정부의 입장, 후속 법률의 내용, 별개의 영해제도 시행 등을 고려했을 때 영해선이 아니었다는 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 그리고 평화선 선언은 당시 새롭게 변경된 공해어업에 관한 국제관습법에 부합하는 조치였으며, 현재의 배타적 어업수역과 EEZ의 창설에 기여한 ‘법창설적 효력’을 지닌 관행으로 평가할 수 있었다. 따라서 평화선 선언은 당대의 국제법에 부합했으며, 현대 국제해양법의 발전에 기여한 관행으로 인정받아야 하는 것이다.

Various studies related to therapeutic horseback riding have been reported to be positive for the therapeutic effect of patients with cerebral palsy; however, most of the previous studies focused on to muscle development with training period related to the physical effects of therapeutic horseback riding. To identify the causes and phenomena of muscular activation of the body through actual therapeutic horseback riding exercise and to promote the excellence of physical effects of therapeutic horseback riding. This study was a nonrandomized prospective positive-controlled trial design. Twelve teenaged males with cerebral palsy were selected who had experienced riding exercise for 8-12 months. This study measured 8 muscle activities of the pectoralis major muscle (PM), biceps brachii (BB), rectus abdominis muscle (RA), latissimus dorsi muscle (LD), spinal erector muscle (SE), rectus femoris muscle (RF), anterior tibial muscle (AT), and external gastrocnemius muscle (EG) by using electromyography (EMG). Muscle activity was significantly higher in horse riding position than sitting on the common chair in all muscles (PM, BB, RA, LD, SE, RF, AT, and EG). The activity of the body muscles according to the difference of horse walking method (walk: WA; sitting trot: ST; and riding trot: RT) of therapeutic horse riding showed the highest muscle activity in the PM muscle at ST, and the highest activity at BB, RA, LD, SE, and AT muscles at ST and RT, and showed the highest muscle activity in RF and EG muscle at RT. The results of this study suggest that intervention for the treatment of cerebral palsy patients can use therapeutic riding exercise as a rehabilitation method.

This study was to investigate the difference of muscle activities in trunk, upper arm, and shoulder during push-up exercise based on 3 types of different arm position(posterior position, PP; normal position, NP; and anterior position, AP) and to provide effective push-up arm position for each muscle development. Fifteen healthy males(age, 21.5±0.5 years; height, 172.7±1.0 cm; body mass, 70.5±1.3 kg; shoulder width, 42.3±0.6 cm; and BMI, 23.6±0.5 kg/m2) participated in this study. PP, NP, and AP of the arm were used to conduct push-up exercise and 8 muscles(deltoideus p. acromialis: DA; pectoralis minor: PMI; pectoralis major: PMA; serratus anterior: SA; biceps brachii: BB; triceps brachii: TB; latissimus dorsi: LD; and infraspinatus: IS) of right side were selected to measure muscle activities. Total 9 counts of push-up exercise were conducted and EMG data signals of 5-time(from 3th to 7th) push-up movement were used for measuring muscle activities. PP push-up exercise showed that there was a significantly higher muscle activity of DA, PMI, PMA, SA, BB, LD, and IS(p<.05) and AP push-up exercise showed a significantly higher TB activity(p<.05). It would be suggested that different arm position evokes various muscle activities when conducting push-up exercise. PP would be the best push-up arm position for inducing various trunk, upper arm, and shoulder muscle activities compared to NP and AP.