This study presents an example of creating and optimizing a task sequence required in an automated remote dismantling system using a digital manufacturing system. An automated remote dismantling system using a robotic arm has recently been widely studied to improve the efficiency and safety of the dismantling operations. The task sequence must be verified in advance through discrete eventbased process simulation in a digital manufacturing system to avoid problems in actual remote cutting operations as the main input of the automated remote dismantling system. The laser cutting method can precisely cut complicated target structures such as reactor internals with versatility, but a robot and a pre-prepared program are required to deploy sophisticated motion of the laser cutting head on the target structure. For safe and efficient dismantling operations, the robot’s program must be verified in advance in a virtual environment that can represent the actual dismantling site. This study presents creating and optimizing the task sequence of a robotic underwater laser cutting as part of the project of developing an automated remote dismantling system. A task sequence is created to implement the desired cutting path for the target structure using the automated remote dismantling system in the virtual environment. The task sequence is optimized for the posture of the laser cutting head and the robot to avoid collisions during the operation through discrete event-based process simulation since the target structure is complicated and the volume occupied by the laser cutting head and the robot arm is considerably large. The task sequence verified in the digital manufacturing system is demonstrated by experiments cutting the target structure along the desired cutting path without any problems. The various simulation cases presented in this study are expected to contribute not only to the development of the automated remote dismantling system, but also to the establishment of a safe and efficient dismantling process in the nuclear facility decommissioning.

Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a key role in development from invertebrate to vertebrate. It is known to be involved in cell differentiation, polarity, proliferation, including the development of vertebrate limb and the establishment of flies’ body plan. To investigate how the regulation of Hh pathway affects the development of parthenogenetic murine embryos, the parthenogenetically activated murine embryos were treated with either cyclopamine (Cyc), an antagonist of Hh pathway, or purmorphamine, an agonist of Hh pathway. While Cyc did not affect the blastocyst formation and its total cell number, the chemical reduced the hatching rate of embryos and the expression levels of Fn1 mRNA. The results of the present study show the possibility that Cyc may affect the development of embryos at blastocyst stage by blocking Hh pathway and this may cause detrimental effect to the embryos at peri-, and post-implantation stages.

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of various vertebrate embryos and remains important in adults. Although Shh signaling pathway has widely been studied in post-implantation stage embryos, only few studies are reported about pre-implantation stage embryos. To investigate the effect of Shh on pre-implantation stage embryos, cyclopamine and purmorphamine were treated to embryos in culture. Cyclopamine acts as an antagonist of the hedgehog signaling because it has a high affinity to Smoothened, a key part of the hedgehog signaling pathway. On the other hand, purmorphamine activate Smoothened and acts as a Shh signaling agonist. The oocytes were collected after superovulation and parthenogenetically activated in Chatot, Ziomek, and Bavister medium (CZB) including 10 mM strontium for 5 hr. The activated oocytes were cultured in potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM), KSOM with 5 uM of cyclopamine, KSOM with 1 uM of purmorphamine, or KSOM with both 5 uM of cyclopamine and 1 uM of purmorphamine. After 5.5 days in culture, there was no significant difference in blastocyst development among the four experimental groups. However, the hatching rate was increased in the groups containing purmorphamine, and the blastocysts of the purmorphamine-containing groups had higher total cell number than those of other two groups when the cells were counted after Hoechst33342 staining. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) shows the difference of gene expression level which are related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, this study suggests that the increase of Shh has an effect on the increases of EMT-related genes and hatching rate of pre-implantation stage embryos, and this may improve implantation subsequently.

The present study aimed to understand the norms of the use of plants by Korean ancestors and to further broaden the horizon of the Palgyeong (eight landscapes) culture. This study explored the planting origin and symbolic meaning of Ssanggoi-su by the Gwangju Ahn clan in Sirye-ri, Gimhae to analyze and interpret the subtitle and content of the Chodangpalgyeong poem from a limited viewpoint of Yeomsudang. The results of this study are as follows: On the basis of the brotherhood of two brothers in the Gwangju Ahn clan Gwangju, Sirye-ri Ssanggoi-su was a symbolic tree to express the spirit of Seonbi by planting a pagoda tree called the scholar tree, as well as wishes that their descendants climb the ladder to become the highest government officials. However, Chodangpalgyeong is Palgyeong, which is a similar type of Sosang, composing poems on eight landscapes from the viewpoint of the Sarangchae space of the Yeomsudang garden. Chodangpalgyeong is the only collection of eight different landscape plants as objects of landscape. The Palgyeong poem presents a particular planting position for each of eight different plants, indicating planting patterns as custom. That presentation suggests that the landscape plants in Chodangpalgyeong are a symbolic counterpart that can enhance the careful consideration of the “ancient things” in addition to the pursuit of beauty. Furthermore, the plants that had appeared in “Bihaedangsasippalyoung (Bihaedang 48 Poems)” at the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty further appeared in Chodangpalgyeong in the early 19th century. This observation indicates the norm of the traditional planting pattern as well as the universal cultural phenomenon.

Regarding the Forty-eight Poems of Soswaewon by Haseo Kim In-Hu, this study examines the soundscape's sound source type and receiver setting at the time of Soswaewon Garden landscaping and how the function and meaning of garden sounds are produced and expressed through literature and on-site survey. The main results of the analysis are as follows. Regarding the soundscape’s main receiver setting in Soswaewon Garden, area at stream garden, Chojeong, Jewol Pavilion, and Gwangpung Pavilion and a display stand were identified, and a combination of various forms of water sounds and artificial sounds around the mountain stream and musical panorama of nature are the sources of sound. Diversity Soswaewon’s soundscape acts as an important landscape resource for playing, sightseeing, and appreciating Soswaewon Garden. In the Forty-eight Poems of Soswaewon, the methods of enjoying the landscape were the act in which the scholars’ view of life and nature are contained at the time of garden landscaping. Therefore, it is of great significance. The Forty-eight Poems of Soswaewon is a textbook about old scenery in which real landscape and semantic landscape are substituted by connecting various sceneries of the season to scholars’ experience of taste for the arts through borrowed scenery and borrowed sound. The soundscape in the Forty-eight Poems of Soswaewon intactly contains the taste of entertainment in appreciation of the garden’s scenery of the season and scholars’ self-cultivational practice for mind and body called self-projection and reflection by having the flow of the mountain stream as the focal point of the garden. The fact that Soswaewon’s soundscape was of as great importance as visual landscape implies that it has significant implications for modern landscape design.

기후변화 영향으로 미래의 유출량은 변화할 것이다. 미래 유출량의 변화는 수자원시설에 유입량을 변화시켜 발전량에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 기후변화로 인한 유출변화에 따른 북한 수자원시설 발전량을 평가하였다. 수자원시설에 대한 발전량은 물의 에너지에 의해 수차 발전기를 회전시켜 전력을 발생시킨다. 즉, 물의 위치에너지를 운동에너지로 바꾸고 운동에너지를 다시 전기에너지로 변화시키는 것이다. 본 연구의 평가 결과, 북한 수자원시설 발전량은 현재보다 2011년부터 2040년까지 감소하였고, 2041년부터 2100년까지는 증가하였다. 또한, 기존 북한 수자원시설의 발전량은 미래에 감소하거나 현재와 비슷하게 나타났다. 신규 북한 수자원시설의 발전량은 단기적으로는 감소하지만, 중장기 미래에는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 기존 북한 수자원시설은 기후변화 영향에 취약하고, 신규 북한 수자원시설은 기후변화 영향에 유리하게 입지하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.