The waste secondary battery contains a significant amount of valuable metals, making its recycling highly desirable. However, conventional chemical methods for recycling are environmentally unfriendly and cost-ineffective. Rather than the chemical method, this paper deals with a mechanical method for recovering electrode materials from waste secondary batteries by blowing pressurized air onto the interface area between the electrode and the separator. Especially, in this study, the effective blowing angle were searched by simulating the separation of the electrode material from the separator through 1-way fluid structure interaction analysis based on the Cohesive Zone Modeling technique.

목적 : 코로나 19로 인하여 전면 비대면 수업을 진행하고 있다. 이에 안경광학과 재학생에 대한 온라인 수업의 질, 수업의 환경, 성적에 미치는 요인이 학습자 만족도에 어떠한 영향력이 있는지 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2020년 1월 18일부터 1월 29일까지 온라인 설문을 진행하였으며, 120명 중 총 112명(남성 61명, 여성 51명) 재학생들의 응답 자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 온라인 수업의 만족도에 관련된 요소의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 온라인 수업에 대한 만족도에 미치는 변수의 인과관계를 파악하기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 프로그램은 SPSS을 사용하였다. 결과 : 온라인 수업의 장점으로는 반복수강이 31명(27.7%)으로 가장 높은 비율로 분석되었으며, 단점으로는 집중력 저하가 52명(46.4%)으로 가장 높게 조사되었다. 학년에 따른 수업의 질(p=0.047)과 온라인 수업이 성적에 미치는 영향(p=0.011)은 유의한 결과로 분석되었다. 학습자의 수업의 질, 온라인 수업의 환경, 성적에 미치는 요인, 학습자의 만족도는 각 변수 간의 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며(p<0.001), 학습자의 만족도에 미치는 가장 큰 요인은 수업환경으로 분석되었다(p=0.002). 결론 : 온라인 수업에서 수업의 환경적인 요소가 학습자의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 학생들의 학습만족도를 높이기 위해서는 영상의 화질, 음향, LMS 시스템 및 수업에 대한 공지 등 수업의 환경에 대한 개선이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 전국의 안경광학 학생의 온라인 수업의 만족도를 대표할 수는 없지만, 코로 나19로 온라인 수업을 지속해야하는 상황에서 환경적인 요소도 고려하여 학습만족도를 높여야 하겠다.

Ganoderma lucidum, a species of the class Basidiomycetes, attracts international attention due to the wide variety of its biological activities and great potential as cosmetic ingredient, such as skin care cosmetics including ‘skin-whitening’. However, there is little information available regarding the tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical composition and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the G. lucidum. To isolate active single compound from G. lucidum (GASC), we conducted ethanol extraction and chloroform fractionation. In addition, we assayed the inhibitoty effect of tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. In the present study, we identified a GASC, which exhibited inhibitory effects of cellular tyrosinase activity, the protein expression of cellular tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, 2. In additional, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), as known as crucial regulator of melanogenesis-related genes, was down-regulated by treatment with GASC in a concentration-dependent manner. GASC exhibited significant inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10. The finding that melanogenesis inhibitory effect of GASC will contribute to facilitate various approaches of this mushroom for use in skin whitening products.

In our previous study, active-single compound (ASC), inhibitor of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cell, was identified from Ganoderma lucidum. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the change of the ASC contents in G. lucidum when oriental raisin tree (ORT) was added in cultivation of G. lucidum. In HPLC analysis, significantly increased ASC peak was observed in G. lucidum extract supplemented with 15% (v/v) of ORT. In addition, melanogenesis inhibitory effect of G. lucidum extract supplemented with 15% of ORT significantly increased when compared to G. lucidum extract without ORT supplementation. Furthermore, ORT supplementation increased mycelial growth of G. lucidum in both solid and liquid cultivation. These results suggest that oriental raisin tree is useful as natural ingredient for increasing bioactivity including skin-whitening effect and mycelial growth of G. lucidum.

The 35.6-mb genome contained 12,218 predicted protein-encoding genes and 287 tRNA genes assembled into 11 scaffolds corresponding with the 11 chromosomes of strain KACC 42780. Based on presence of copper binding region and signal peptide, 8 laccase genes (Fv Lac-1, Fv Lac-2, Fv Lac-3, Fv Lac-4, Fv Lac-5, Fv Lac-6, Fv Lac-7, Fv Lac-8) were selected in F.velutipes genome. The laccase genes of F.velutipes ranged from 1,300 to 1,700 base pair in their size. In addition, the molecular mass and PI values of laccase genes ranged from 50 to 62 kDa and from 3 to 11, respectively. In laccase activity assays, the highest laccase activity (3unit/ml)was shown in medium with 0.5mM of CuSO4 on 9th day. However, laccase activity was severely decreased in medium with 1mM and 2mM of CuSO4 was drastically decreased from day 3 through day 9. Interestingly, laccase activity in the medium without CuSO4 showed higher level than in the medium with 0.25, 1 and 2mM on both 6th and 9th day. RT_PCR showed the highest transcription level with 0.25mM and 0.5mM of CuSO4 supplementation on day 3 and on day 9, respectively. In addition, the transcription level of Lac-1 increased depending on concentration of CuSO4 supplementation.